関: Haemophilus

Haemophilus

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/07 13:20:45」(JST)

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Not to be confused with Haemophilia

Haemophilus is a genus of Gram-negative, pleomorphic, coccobacilli bacteria belonging to the Pasteurellaceae family.^[1]^[2] While Haemophilus bacteria are typically small coccobacilli, they are categorized as pleomorphic bacteria because of the wide range of shapes they occasionally assume. The genus includes commensal organisms along with some significant pathogenic species such as H. influenzae—a cause of sepsis and bacterial meningitis in young children—and H. ducreyi, the causative agent of chancroid. All members are either aerobic or facultatively anaerobic.

Metabolism

Members of the Haemophilus genus will not grow on blood agar plates, as all species require at least one of these blood factors for growth: hemin (factor X) and/or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (factor V). Chocolate agar is an excellent Haemophilus growth medium, as it allows for increased accessibility to these factors.^[3] Alternatively, Haemophilus is sometimes cultured using the "Staph streak" technique: both Staphylococcus and Haemophilus organisms are cultured together on a single blood agar plate. In this case, Haemophilus colonies will frequently grow in small "satellite" colonies around the larger Staphylococcus colonies because the metabolism of Staphylococcus produces the necessary blood factor byproducts required for Haemophilus growth.

Strain^[4]	Needs Factor X	Needs Factor V	Hemolysis on HB/Rabbit blood
H. aegyptius	+	+	-
H. ducreyi	+	-	-
H. influenzae	+	+	-
H. haemolyticus	+	+	+
H. parainfluenzae	-	+	-
H. parahaemolyticus	-	+	+

References

^ Holt JG (editor) (1994). Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology (9th ed.). Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 0-683-00603-7.
^ Kuhnert P; Christensen H (editors). (2008). Pasteurellaceae: Biology, Genomics and Molecular Aspects. Caister Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-904455-34-9. [1].
^ Ryan KJ; Ray CG (editors) (2004). Sherris Medical Microbiology (4th ed.). McGraw Hill. ISBN 0-8385-8529-9.
^ McPherson RA; Pincus MR (editors) (2011). Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods (22nd ed.). Elsevier. ISBN 1437709745.

External links

Haemophilus chapter in Baron's Medical Microbiology (online at the NCBI bookshelf).
Raw Living Radio Interviews Dr Robert Cassar as part of a 3 Show Series in HD 2014 from the EarthShiftProject.com an Educational and Informational Research Organization welcoming More participation from fellow Student Researchers, ...We want to Include More Student Researchers Including You!]

UpToDate Contents

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1. インフルエンザ菌の微生物学、疫学および治療 microbiology epidemiology and treatment of haemophilus influenzae
2. インフルエンザ菌感染の予防 prevention of haemophilus influenzae infection
3. 喉頭蓋炎（supraglottitis）：臨床的特徴および診断 epiglottitis supraglottitis clinical features and diagnosis
4. 成人における特定病原体により引き起こされる細菌性髄膜炎の治療 treatment of bacterial meningitis caused by specific pathogens in adults
5. 月齢1ヶ月以上の小児における急性細菌性髄膜炎：臨床的特徴および診断 bacterial meningitis in children older than one month clinical features and diagnosis

English Journal

Persistence of non-typeable Haemophilus Influenzae in the pharynx of children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy after treatment with azithromycin.

Olszewska-Sosińska O1, Zielnik-Jurkiewicz B1, Stępińska M2, Antos-Bielska M2, Lau-Dworak M3, Kozłowska K2, Trafny EA4.
Pathogens and disease.Pathog Dis.2016 Feb;74(1). pii: ftv106. doi: 10.1093/femspd/ftv106. Epub 2015 Nov 6.
This study was performed in children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy to evaluate the effect of azithromycin (AZT) on the presence of NTHi in monocyte/macrophages (CD14(+) cells) of adenoids/tonsils and the persistence of NTHi after adenotonsillectomy. A total of 36 pediatric patients participated in
PMID 26546328

Prevention and Control of Childhood Pneumonia and Diarrhea.

Leung DT1, Chisti MJ2, Pavia AT3.
Pediatric clinics of North America.Pediatr Clin North Am.2016 Feb;63(1):67-79. doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2015.08.003.
Pneumonia and diarrhea are the 2 leading infectious causes of death in children younger than 5 years worldwide, most of which occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Asia. The past decade has seen large reductions in global childhood mortality, partly due
PMID 26613689

Impact of bacteria in nasal aspirates on disease severity of bronchiolitis.

Jiang W1, Wang T1, Li L1, Ji W1, Wang Y1, Yan Y1.
Infectious diseases (London, England).Infect Dis (Lond).2016 Jan;48(1):82-6. doi: 10.3109/23744235.2015.1082621. Epub 2015 Sep 12.
BACKGROUND: The effect of potentially pathogenic bacteria (PPB) on disease severity in patients with bronchiolitis is understudied.METHODS: This prospective study was carried out in the Children's Hospital of Soochow University during the 2012-2013 autumn and winter seasons. We enrolled consecutive
PMID 26365560

Japanese Journal

本邦における小児細菌性髄膜炎の動向(2007-2008)

砂川慶介,酒井文宜,平尾百合子,花木秀明,野々山勝人,岩田敏,秋田博伸,佐藤吉壮
感染症学雑誌 : 日本伝染病学会機関誌 : the journal of the Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases 84(1), 33-41, 2010-01-20
NAID 10026893350

インフルエンザ感染初期に分離される肺炎球菌とインフルエンザ菌の細菌学的性状

高野操,OZAKI Kyoko,NITAHARA Yoshiyuki,HIGUCHI Wataru,TAKANO Tomomi,NISHIYAMA Akihito,YAMAMOTO Tatsuo
Pediatrics international : official journal of the Japan Pediatric Society 51(5), 687-695, 2009-10-01
NAID 10025861162

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「ヘモフィルス属」

Haemophilus
	Haemophilus influenzae on a blood agar plate.
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Bacteria
Phylum:	Proteobacteria
Class:	Gammaproteobacteria
Order:	Pasteurellales
Family:	Pasteurellaceae
Genus:	Haemophilus; Winslow et al. 1917
Species
	H. aegyptius; H. aphrophilus; H. avium; H. ducreyi; H. felis; H. haemolyticus; H. influenzae; H. parainfluenzae; H. paracuniculus; H. parahaemolyticus; H. pittmaniae; Haemophilus segnis; H. somnus; etc.

　　[★]

ラ: Haemophilus
英: hemophilus
同: Haemophilus属、ヘモフィラス
関: 細菌

生物的特徴

パスツレラ科
グラム陰性桿菌
発育因子として、X因子(プロトポルフィリンIX or プロトヘム) and/or V因子(NAD or NADP)が必要
莢膜非保有菌(ウイルス感染に続発する肺炎)と莢膜保有菌(血清型b型が多い。化膿性髄膜炎、敗血症、閉塞性喉頭炎を起こす)がある。

ヘモフィルス感染症

Haemophilus influenzae 髄膜炎　←インフルエンザ菌

Haemophilus influenzae type B

Haemophilus aegyptius ブラジル紫斑熱、流行性結膜炎
Haemophilus ducreyi 軟性下疳

[Bergeys-1] Holt JG (editor) (1994). Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology (9th ed.). Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 0-683-00603-7.

[KuhnertChristensen-2] Kuhnert P; Christensen H (editors). (2008). Pasteurellaceae: Biology, Genomics and Molecular Aspects. Caister Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-904455-34-9. [1].

[Sherris-3] Ryan KJ; Ray CG (editors) (2004). Sherris Medical Microbiology (4th ed.). McGraw Hill. ISBN 0-8385-8529-9.

[4] McPherson RA; Pincus MR (editors) (2011). Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods (22nd ed.). Elsevier. ISBN 1437709745.

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案内

hemophilus