fourth ventricle

第四脳室、第4脳室

WordNet

1. coming next after the third and just before the fifth in position or time or degree or magnitude; "the quaternary period of geologic time extends from the end of the tertiary period to the present" (同)4th, quaternary
2. following the third position; number four in a countable series
3. the musical interval between one note and another four notes away from it
4. a chamber of the heart that receives blood from an atrium and pumps it to the arteries (同)heart_ventricle
5. one of four connected cavities in the brain; is continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord and contains cerebrospinal fluid
6. being one more than three (同)4, iv
7. the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one (同)4, IV, tetrad, quatern, quaternion, quaternary, quaternity, quartet, quadruplet, foursome, Little Joe

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 《the fourth》『第4の』,4番目の / 4分の1の / {U}《通例the fourth》『第4番目』;(月の)4日 / 〈C〉4分の1 / 〈C〉(音楽で)4度
2. (脳髄・喉頭などの)室,空洞,(心臓の)心室
3. 〈C〉(数の)4;4ノ記号(4,IVなど) / 〈U〉4時,4分;4歳 / 〈U〉《複数扱い》4人,4個 / 〈C〉4個(4人)1組のもの;フォア(4本オールのボートおよびその選手) / 〈C〉(カードの)4の札 / 4の;4人の;4個の / 《補語にのみ用いて》4歳の(で)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/04/07 14:46:45」(JST)

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Brain: Fourth ventricle
Scheme showing relations of the ventricles to the surface of the brain. (Fourth ventricle labeled at bottom center.)
Drawing of a cast of the ventricular cavities, viewed from above. (Fourth ventricle visible at bottom center.)
Latin	ventriculus quartus
Gray's	p.797
NeuroNames	hier-617
MeSH	Fourth+Ventricle
NeuroLex ID	birnlex_1256

The fourth ventricle is one of the four connected fluid-filled cavities within the human brain. These cavities, known collectively as the ventricular system, consist of the left and right lateral ventricles, the third ventricle, and the fourth ventricle. The fourth ventricle extends from the cerebral aqueduct (aqueduct of Sylvius) to the obex, and is filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

The fourth ventricle has a characteristic diamond shape in cross-sections of the human brain. It is located within the pons or in the upper part of the medulla. CSF entering the fourth ventricle through the cerebral aqueduct can exit to the subarachnoid space of the spinal cord through two lateral foramina of Luschka (singular: foramen of Luschka) and a single, midline foramen of Magendie (see List of human anatomical parts named after people).

Roof and floor

The fourth ventricle has a "roof" dorsally and a "floor" ventrally. The roof of the fourth ventricle is formed by the cerebellum (superior and inferior medullary vela), the floor by the rhomboid fossa, and the side "walls" formed by the cerebellar peduncles. Among the prominent features of the floor of the fourth ventricle are the:

1. facial colliculus: formed by the internal part of the facial nerve as it loops around the abducens nucleus in the lower pons;
2. sulcus limitans: which represents the border between the alar plate and the basal plate of the developing neural tube;
3. obex: represents the caudal tip of the fourth ventricle; the obex is also a marker for the level of the foramen magnum of the skull and therefore is a marker for the imaginary dividing line between the medulla and spinal cord.
4. "median sulcus" - divides the floor into right and left halves.It extends from cerebral aqueduct of the midbrain to central canal of the spinal cord.
5. "stria medullaris" - fibers derived from arcuare nuclei, which emerge from the median sulcus and run transversely across the floor to enter into the inferior cerebellar penducle.
6. "medial eminence" - elevations on either side of the median sulcus.
7. "sulcus limitans" - medial eminence is laterally bounded by sulcus limitans.
8. "vestibular area" - lateral to sulcus limitans vestibular nuclei is overlied by this.
9. The upper end of the sulcus limitans widens into a triangular depression called "suprior fovea" above suprior fovea sulcus limitans presents a flattend grey area called "locus ceruleus".
10. The lower end of the sulcus limitans widens into a triangular depression called "Inferior fovea".
11. Other features are the Hypoglossal triangle and vagal triangle.

Development

The fourth ventricle, similarly to other parts of the ventricular system of the brain, develops from the central canal of the neural tube. Specifically, the fourth ventricle originates from the portion of the tube that is present in the developing rhombencephalon. During the first trimester of pregnancy central canal expands into lateral, third and fourth ventricles, connected by thinner channels. In lateral ventricles specialized areas- choroid plexuses appear, which produce cerebrospinal fluid. If its production is bigger than resorption or its circulation is blocked- the enlargement of the ventricles may appear and cause a hydrocephalus. Fetal lateral ventricles may be diagnosed using linear or planar measurements. See also Dandy-Walker syndrome.

References

Additional images

• Transverse section of medulla oblongata below the middle of the olive.

• Diagram showing the course of the arcuate fibers.

• The formatio reticularis of the medulla oblongata, shown by a transverse section passing through the middle of the olive.

• Coronal section of the pons, at its upper part.

• Sagittal section of the cerebellum, near the junction of the vermis with the hemisphere.

• Rhomboid fossa.

• Mesal aspect of a brain sectioned in the median sagittal plane.

• Median sagittal section of brain.

• Drawing of a cast of the ventricular cavities, viewed from the side.

• Terminal nuclei of the vestibular nerve, with their upper connections.

• Diagram showing the positions of the three principal subarachnoid cisternæ.

• Third ventricle is the vertical dark slit in the middle of the field.

• Fourth ventricle

External links

• Atlas image: n2a8p1 at the University of Michigan Health System - "Fourth Ventricle, Sagittal Section, Medial View"
• Stained brain slice images which include the "fourth%20ventricle" at the BrainMaps project

• fourth+ventricle at eMedicine Dictionary
• Anatomy diagram: 13048.000-3 at Roche Lexicon - illustrated navigator, Elsevier

UpToDate Contents

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Japanese Journal

• Disproportionately Large Communicationg Fourth Ventricle Associated With Syringomyelia and Intradural Arachnoid Cyst in the Spinal Cord Successfully Treated With Additional Shunting : Case Report

• YAMASHITA Tae,HIRAMATSU Hisaya,KITAHAMA Yoshihiro,TOKUYAMA Tsutomu,SUGIYAMA Kenji,NAMBA Hiroki
• Neurologia medico-chirurgica = 神経外科 52(4), 231-234, 2012-04-15
• NAID 10030127910

• 脳室周囲白質軟化症における点頭てんかんの発症予測因子

• 曽我 菜海,亀井 淳,赤坂 真奈美,千田 勝一
• てんかん研究 = Journal of the Japan Epilepsy Society 29(1), 14-21, 2011-06-30
• 脳室周囲白質軟化症における点頭てんかん発症の予測因子解析を行った。対象は1994年4月以降の14年間に当院NICUを退院し、脳室周囲白質軟化症と診断された児のうち、NICU退院前に頭部CTまたはMRI、脳波、聴性脳幹反応の検査を行った89例である。点頭てんかんは9例に発症した。NICU退院前の頭部画像では両側側脳室と第4脳室について次の比を求めた。（1）両体部比（体部幅/大脳幅）、（2）両前角比（ …
• NAID 10029651130

Related Links

• The Fourth Ventricle, Nystagmus and Vertigo

CSF backjets into the fourth ventricle may play a role in nystagmus, vertigo and balance disorders. ... The Fourth Ventricle and CSF Backjets The fourth ventricle is the last and lowest of the four ventricles in the brain. The ventricles ...

• Fourth ventricle | definition of fourth ventricle by Medical dictionary

ventricle [ven´trĭ-k'l] a small cavity or chamber, as in the brain or heart. ventricle of Arantius 1. the rhomboid fossa, especially its lower end. 2. cavity of septum pellucidum. fifth ventricle cavity of septum pellucidum. fourth ventricle a ...

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「第4脳室」
拡張検索	「vein of lateral recess of fourth ventricle」
関連記事	「ventricle」

「第4脳室」

　　[★]

英

fourth ventricle (KH)

ラ

ventriculus quartus

同

第4脳室、第四脳室

関

第4脳室正中口、第4脳室外側口。脳室系、脳室

[show details]

第4脳室 : 約 58,100 件
第四脳室 : 約 53,200 件

• 図：N.102,103

Henry Gray (1825-1861). Anatomy of the Human Body. 1918.

「vein of lateral recess of fourth ventricle」

　　[★] 第四脳室外側陥凹静脈

「ventricle」

　　[★]

• n.

• 室、心室、脳室

関

cardiac ventricle、cerebral ventricle、cerebroventricle、cerebroventricular、heart ventricle、ventricular、ventriculi、ventriculus