WordNet

at an earlier time or formerly; "she had previously lived in Chicago"; "he was previously president of a bank"; "better than anything previously proposed"; "a previously unquestioned attitude"; "antecedently arranged" (同)antecedently
prior to a specified or implied time; "she has already graduated"
referring to the first of two things or persons mentioned (or the earlier one or ones of several); "the novel was made into a film in 1943 and again in 1967; I prefer the former version to the latter one"
the first of two or the first mentioned of two; "Tom and Dick were both heroes but only the former is remembered today"
(used especially of persons) of the immediate past; "the former president"; "our late President is still very active"; "the previous occupant of the White House" (同)late, previous

PrepTutorEJDIC

『以前は』,かつて
《場所・位置》…『の前に』,を前にして / 《時》…『より前に』(earlier than…) / (裁判・審理などのために)…の前に / …の前途に,に用意されて,を待って / (困難・不利など)に直面して / (力・勢いなど)に追われて,押されて,攻撃されて / 《順序・階級・価値など》…『よりまさって』,に優先して,より重要で / 《優先》…よりむしろ,するくらいなら(rather than) / 《場所・位置》『前へ』(『に』),前方へ(に),先へ(に) / 《時》『以前に』,すでに(already);今までに,その時までに / (予定より)早く,前に / 《時》…する前に,しないうちに / 《優先》…するより[むしろ],…するくらいなら(rather than)
『以前に』,先に;前もって
《肯定文で》『もう』,『すでに』 / 《驚き・意外の意を表して》《疑問文で》もう,早くも;《否定文で》まさか
《名詞の前にのみ用いて》『かつての』,以前の / 《the ~》(二つのうちの)『前者』(の)

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1. 精巣胚細胞腫瘍（上皮内癌）（旧名：分類不能型精細管内胚細胞腫瘍） testicular germ cell neoplasia in situ formerly called intratubular germ cell neoplasia of unclassified type
2. 成人における高血圧の概要 overview of hypertension in adults
3. 成人における亀頭炎および亀頭包皮炎 balanitis and balanoposthitis in adults
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5. 膝滑液包炎 knee bursitis

Functioning of drug-metabolizing microsomal cytochrome P450s: In silico probing of proteins suggests that the distal heme 'active site' pocket plays a relatively 'passive role' in some enzyme-substrate interactions.

Venkatachalam A1, Parashar A2, Manoj KM3,4,5.
In silico pharmacology.In Silico Pharmacol.2016 Dec;4(1):2. doi: 10.1186/s40203-016-0016-7. Epub 2016 Feb 19.
PURPOSE: The currently held mechanistic understanding of microsomal cytochrome P450s (CYPs) seeks that diverse drug molecules bind within the deep-seated distal heme pocket and subsequently react at the heme centre. To explain a bevy of experimental observations and meta-analyses, we indulge a hypot
PMID 26894412

Metabolic and transcriptomic changes induced in host during hypersensitive response mediated resistance in rice against the Asian rice gall midge.

Agarrwal R1, Padmakumari AP2, Bentur JS3,4, Nair S5.
Rice (New York, N.Y.).Rice (N Y).2016 Dec;9(1):5. doi: 10.1186/s12284-016-0077-6. Epub 2016 Feb 19.
BACKGROUND: An incompatible interaction between rice (Oryza sativa) and the Asian rice gall midge (AGM, Orseolia oryzae Wood-Mason), that is usually manifested through a hypersensitive response (HR), represents an intricate relationship between the resistant host and its avirulent pest. We investiga
PMID 26892000

Identification of S-3-(hexanal)-glutathione and its bisulfite adduct in grape juice from Vitis vinifera L. cv. Sauvignon blanc as new potential precursors of 3SH.

Thibon C1, Böcker C2, Shinkaruk S3, Moine V4, Darriet P5, Dubourdieu D5.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2016 May 15;199:711-9. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.12.069. Epub 2015 Dec 17.
Two main precursors (S-3-(hexan-1-ol)-l-cysteine and S-3-(hexan-1-ol)-l-glutathione) of 3-sulfanylhexanol (3SH, formerly named 3-mercaptohexanol) have been identified so far in grape juice but a correlation between precursor concentrations in grape juices and 3SH concentrations in wines is not alway
PMID 26776028

根津基和,杉野卓也,松野薫,石坂真悟,矢野加奈子,宮林茂幸
東京農業大学農学集報 60(2), 77-84, 2015-09-25
山村問題のうち自給的農業の状況を把握するために,山梨県北都留郡小菅村(以後:本村と呼ぶ)を対象にアンケート調査・ヒアリング調査を実施し,その結果として,本村の「自給的農業」のあらましについて論じるとともに,そこから見いだせる農法や生活過程を観察し,今まで認識されてこなかった現代山村の盲点について指摘する。本村は,本畑,切替え畑(焼畑用地),山林,採草地の4種類を活用してきた。本村では古くから主食は …
NAID 110009957633

Non-monophyly of Siberian Erythronium (Liliaceae) leads to the recognition of the formerly neglected Erythronium sajanense

堀内正昭
學苑 897, 2-24, 2015-07-01
The two-storied Hirai House was built in around 1930 by an upper-middle class person, Mr Risuke Wakameda, and it is now owned by Mr Susumu Hirai. It has a Western-style room of mortar finish on the si …
NAID 110009922481