WordNet

travel over (an area of land or sea) in an aircraft; "Lindbergh was the first to fly the Atlantic"
(baseball) a hit that flies up in the air (同)fly_ball
an opening in a garment that is closed by a zipper or by buttons concealed under a fold of cloth (同)fly front
fishermans lure consisting of a fishhook decorated to look like an insect
two-winged insects characterized by active flight
operate an airplane; "The pilot flew to Cuba" (同)aviate, pilot
pass away rapidly; "Time flies like an arrow"; "Time fleeing beneath him" (同)fell, vanish
travel through the air; be airborne; "Man cannot fly" (同)wing
(British informal) not to be deceived or hoodwinked
be dispersed or disseminated; "Rumors and accusations are flying"
cause to fly or float; "fly a kite"
change quickly from one emotional state to another; "fly into a rage"
display in the air or cause to float; "fly a kite"; "All nations fly their flags in front of the U.N."
hit a fly
move quickly or suddenly; "He flew about the place"
transport by aeroplane; "We fly flowers from the Caribbean to North America"
travel in an airplane; "she is flying to Cincinnati tonight"; "Are we driving or flying?"
an object with a spherical shape; "a ball of fire" (同)globe, orb
a pitch that is not in the strike zone; "he threw nine straight balls before the manager yanked him"
a spherical object used as a plaything; "he played with his rubber ball in the bathtub"
round object that is hit or thrown or kicked in games; "the ball travelled 90 mph on his serve"; "the mayor threw out the first ball"; "the ball rolled into the corner pocket"
the game of baseball
form into a ball by winding or rolling; "ball wool"
a compact mass; "a ball of mud caught him on the shoulder" (同)clod, glob, lump, clump, chunk
a lavish dance requiring formal attire (同)formal
a more or less rounded anatomical body or mass; "the ball at the base of the thumb"; "he stood on the balls of his feet"
the people assembled at a lavish formal dance; "the ball was already emptying out before the fire alarm sounded"
throw with force or recklessness; "fling the frisbee"
the act of flinging
move in an abrupt or headlong manner; "He flung himself onto the sofa"
hurried and brief; "paid a flying visit"; "took a flying glance at the book"; "a quick inspection"; "a fast visit" (同)quick, fast
United States comedienne best known as the star of a popular television program (1911-1989) (同)Lucille Ball

PrepTutorEJDIC

(野球の)フライ
〈鳥などが〉『飛ぶ』 / 〈人が〉『飛行機で飛ぶ』,飛行する;〈飛行機などが〉飛ぶ / (風などで)〈物が〉空中を飛ぶ / (風に)〈旗・髪などが〉ひるがえる,なびく / 《副詞[句]を伴なって》『飛ぶように動く』(走る) / (ある状態・位置から)急に(…に)なる《+『形』〈補〉》;ぱっと(…)する《+『into』+『名』》 / (野球で)フライを打つ;〈ボールが〉フライになる / 《話》急いで立ち去る / 逃げる / (空中に)〈たこ・鳥など〉‘を'『飛ばす』 / 〈旗〉を揚げる,翻す / 〈飛行機など〉‘を'飛ばす,操縦する / (人・物が)…‘を'飛行機で飛ぶ / 〈飛行便〉‘を'利用する / 〈人・物〉‘を'空輸する / ボタン隠し,ファスナー隠し(服のボタンやファスナーを隠す布) / (野球の)飛球,フライ(=fly ball) / (テントの入口の)垂れ幕 / 飛行,飛ぶこと
『ハエ』;ハエと同類の昆虫 / (釣りに用いる)蚊針,毛針
抜け目のない,はしこい
〈C〉『球』,まり,『ボール』 / 〈U〉球技;野球(baseball) / 〈C〉(野球で) / ボール / 投球;打球 / 〈C〉弾丸(bullet) / 〈C〉球状のもの / 〈C〉(特の体の)丸くふくらんだ部分 / 《複数形》《俗》睾丸(こうがん),きんたま / …'を'球の形にする / 球になる
(規模の大きな正式の)『舞踏会』 / 《話》非常に楽しいひととき
〈性俗〉（男性が）～と性交する
《副詞[句]を伴って》…‘を'『投げる』,ほうり出す / 《副詞[句]を伴って》〈頭・腕・身体など〉‘を'投げかける,投げるように動かす / (ほうり出すように)急に(荒々しく)動く / (…を)『振って投げること』;振り動かすこと《+『of』+『名』》 / (定期間の)したいほうだい,かって気まま / 身ぶりの活発なスコットランドのダンス
飛ぶ,飛行する / ひらひらする,翻る:flying flags翻る旗 / 飛ぶように速い / 《名詞の前のみの用いて》大急ぎの / 飛ぶこと,飛行

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/09/30 11:20:02」(JST)

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English Journal

Visual adaptation of the perception of causality.

Rolfs M, Dambacher M, Cavanagh P.Author information Department of Psychology, New York University, 6 Washington Place, New York, NY 10003, USA. martin.rolfs@hu-berlin.deAbstractWe easily recover the causal properties of visual events, enabling us to understand and predict changes in the physical world. We see a tennis racket hitting a ball and sense that it caused the ball to fly over the net; we may also have an eerie but equally compelling experience of causality if the streetlights turn on just as we slam our car's door. Both perceptual and cognitive processes have been proposed to explain these spontaneous inferences, but without decisive evidence one way or the other, the question remains wide open. Here, we address this long-standing debate using visual adaptation-a powerful tool to uncover neural populations that specialize in the analysis of specific visual features. After prolonged viewing of causal collision events called "launches", subsequently viewed events were judged more often as noncausal. These negative aftereffects of exposure to collisions are spatially localized in retinotopic coordinates, the reference frame shared by the retina and visual cortex. They are not explained by adaptation to other stimulus features and reveal visual routines in retinotopic cortex that detect and adapt to cause and effect in simple collision stimuli.
Current biology : CB.Curr Biol.2013 Feb 4;23(3):250-4. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2012.12.017. Epub 2013 Jan 11.
We easily recover the causal properties of visual events, enabling us to understand and predict changes in the physical world. We see a tennis racket hitting a ball and sense that it caused the ball to fly over the net; we may also have an eerie but equally compelling experience of causality if the
PMID 23313360

Synergies between optical and physical variables in intercepting parabolic targets.

Gómez J, López-Moliner J.Author information Departament de Matemàtica Aplicada IV, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya Barcelona, Spain.AbstractInterception requires precise estimation of time-to-contact (TTC) information. A long-standing view posits that all relevant information for extracting TTC is available in the angular variables, which result from the projection of distal objects onto the retina. The different timing models rooted in this tradition have consequently relied on combining visual angle and its rate of expansion in different ways with tau being the most well-known solution for TTC. The generalization of these models to timing parabolic trajectories is not straightforward. For example, these different combinations rely on isotropic expansion and usually assume first-order information only, neglecting acceleration. As a consequence no optical formulations have been put forward so far to specify TTC of parabolic targets with enough accuracy. It is only recently that context-dependent physical variables have been shown to play an important role in TTC estimation. Known physical size and gravity can adequately explain observed data of linear and free-falling trajectories, respectively. Yet, a full timing model for specifying parabolic TTC has remained elusive. We here derive two formulations that specify TTC for parabolic ball trajectories. The first specification extends previous models in which known size is combined with thresholding visual angle or its rate of expansion to the case of fly balls. To efficiently use this model, observers need to recover the 3D radial velocity component of the trajectory which conveys the isotropic expansion. The second one uses knowledge of size and gravity combined with ball visual angle and elevation angle. Taking into account the noise due to sensory measurements, we simulate the expected performance of these models in terms of accuracy and precision. While the model that combines expansion information and size knowledge is more efficient during the late trajectory, the second one is shown to be efficient along all the flight.
Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience.Front Behav Neurosci.2013 May 16;7:46. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00046. eCollection 2013.
Interception requires precise estimation of time-to-contact (TTC) information. A long-standing view posits that all relevant information for extracting TTC is available in the angular variables, which result from the projection of distal objects onto the retina. The different timing models rooted in
PMID 23720614

Base on balls for the Chapman strategy: reassessing Brouwer, Brenner, and Smeets (2002).

Zaal FT, Bongers RM, Pepping GJ, Bootsma RJ.Author information Center for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, Sector F, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 196, NL-9700 AD, Groningen, The Netherlands. f.t.j.m.zaal@umcg.nlErratum inAtten Percept Psychophys. 2012 Nov;74(8):1842-3. AbstractA true understanding of skilled behavior includes the identification of the information that underlies the perception-action cycle at work. Often, observers' sensitivity to perceptual variables is established in laboratory-situated simulation-based psychophysical experiments. The observers' sensitivity thus determined is then used to draw conclusions that will generalize the findings to natural behavior. Focusing on the example of running to catch fly balls, the present contribution takes the study of Brouwer, Brenner, and Smeets (Perception & Psychophysics 64:1160-1168, 2002) to illustrate how common assumptions in the steps from psychophysical experiments to natural behavior can result in ungrounded conclusions. These authors built an argument to reject the use of the Chapman strategy of zeroing out optical acceleration. For this argument, they determined the sensitivity of the visual system to acceleration, assuming that acceleration is detected as a velocity ratio. Next, they showed that catchers started running earlier than could be expected on the basis of sensitivity thresholds for this velocity ratio, concluding that running initiation could not have been based on optical acceleration. In the present study, we argue that important assumptions in the Brouwer et al. (Perception & Psychophysics 64:1160-1168, 2002) line of argument are incorrect. First, we show how the assumption of parabolic ball flight trajectories, although convenient, biased Brouwer et al.'s (Perception & Psychophysics 64:1160-1168, 2002) conclusion. Next, we present an experiment revealing that observers do not base their judgments of acceleration on the velocity ratio. Thus, we demonstrate that Brouwer et al.'s (Perception & Psychophysics 64:1160-1168, 2002) argument that optical acceleration cannot serve as the information for running to catch fly balls does not hold.
Attention, perception & psychophysics.Atten Percept Psychophys.2012 Oct;74(7):1488-98.
A true understanding of skilled behavior includes the identification of the information that underlies the perception-action cycle at work. Often, observers' sensitivity to perceptual variables is established in laboratory-situated simulation-based psychophysical experiments. The observers' sensitiv
PMID 22723014

Japanese Journal

Fabrication of high density cordierite ceramics using a coal fly ash

OGIWARA Toshio,NODA Yoshimasa,KIMURA Osamu
Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan 118(1375), 231-235, 2010
… The aim of this study is to obtain highly densified cordierite ceramics using a coal fly ash as one of the starting raw materials. … In the previous studies, however, only porous cordierite ceramics were obtained since the utilized coal fly ashes were not finely pulverized. … It was because fly ash was generally so hard to be finely pulverized. … We succeeded in pulverizing the fly ash by improving pulverizing procedure. …
NAID 130000304719

粉末ブリケット法を用いる都市ごみ焼却飛灰中の主成分と微量成分の蛍光X線分析

大渕敦司,北野大,中村利廣
分析化学 = Japan analyst 58(4), 249-256, 2009-04-05
都市ごみ焼却飛灰中の主成分12成分と微量6成分を，粉末ブリケット法を用いた蛍光X線法で分析した．焼却飛灰をボールミルで80分間粉砕すれば，各成分の蛍光X線強度の相対標準偏差は3.2％になり，均質な試料が得られた．そのときのモード粒径は12 μmであった．検量線用試料は，各成分を含む試薬をV型混合機で80分間混合してから，混合物をボールミルで20分間粉砕するか，試薬を2時間手混合して作製した．揮発 …
NAID 10025978647