出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2019/07/16 19:31:52」(JST)
バルブ
| このページは曖昧さ回避のためのページです。一つの語句が複数の意味・職能を有する場合の水先案内のために、異なる用法を一覧にしてあります。お探しの用語に一番近い記事を選んで下さい。このページへリンクしているページを見つけたら、リンクを適切な項目に張り替えて下さい。 |
This article may be in need of reorganization to comply with Wikipedia's layout guidelines. Please help by editing the article to make improvements to the overall structure. (January 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) |
In botany, a bulb is structurally a short stem with fleshy leaves or leaf bases[1] that function as food storage organs during dormancy. (In gardening, plants with other kinds of storage organ are also called "ornamental bulbous plants" or just "bulbs".)
A bulb's leaf bases, also known as scales, generally do not support leaves, but contain food reserves to enable the plant to survive adverse weather conditions. At the center of the bulb is a vegetative growing point or an unexpanded flowering shoot. The base is formed by a reduced stem, and plant growth occurs from this basal plate. Roots emerge from the underside of the base, and new stems and leaves from the upper side. Tunicate bulbs have dry, membranous outer scales that protect the continuous lamina of fleshy scales.[2] Species in the genera Allium, Hippeastrum, Narcissus, and Tulipa all have tunicate bulbs. Non-tunicate bulbs, such as Lilium and Fritillaria species, lack the protective tunic and have looser scales.[3]
The technical term geophyte encompasses plants that form underground storage organs, including bulbs as well as tubers and corms. Some epiphytic orchids (family Orchidaceae) form above-ground storage organs called pseudobulbs, that superficially resemble bulbs.
Nearly all plants that form true bulbs are monocotyledons, and include:
Oxalis, in the family Oxalidaceae, is the only dicotyledon genus that produces true bulbs.[4][5]
Bulbous plant species cycle through vegetative and reproductive growth stages; the bulb grows to flowering size during the vegetative stage and the plant flowers during the reproductive stage. Certain environmental conditions are needed to trigger the transition from one stage to the next, such as the shift from a cold winter to spring.[2] Once the flowering period is over, the plant enters a foliage period of about six weeks during which time the plant absorbs nutrients from the soil and energy from the sun for setting flowers for the next year. Bulbs dug up before the foliage period is completed will not bloom the following year but then should flower normally in subsequent years.
After the foliage period is completed, bulbs may be dug up for replanting elsewhere. Any surface moisture should be dried, then the bulbs may be stored up to about 4 months for a fall planting. Storing them much longer than that may cause the bulbs to dry out inside and become nonviable.
A bulbil is a small bulb, and may also be called a bulblet, bulbet, or bulbel.[6]
Small bulbs can develop or propagate a large bulb. If one or several moderate-sized bulbs form to replace the original bulb, they are called renewal bulbs.[6] Increase bulbs are small bulbs that develop either on each of the leaves inside a bulb, or else on the end of small underground stems connected to the original bulb.[6]
Some lilies, such as the tiger lily Lilium lancifolium, form small bulbs, called bulbils, in their leaf axils. Several members of the onion family, Alliaceae, including Allium sativum (garlic), form bulbils in their flower heads, sometimes as the flowers fade, or even instead of the flowers (which is a form of apomixis). The so-called tree onion (Allium × proliferum) forms small onions which are large enough for pickling.
Some ferns, such as the hen-and-chicken fern, produce new plants at the tips of the fronds' pinnae that are sometimes referred to as bulbils.
Bulbils form in the leaf axils of Lilium lancifolium
Wild garlic (Allium vineale) bulbils sprouting
"Tree onions" form clusters of small bulbs instead of flowers
| Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bulbs. |
Botany | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
History of botany | |||||||||||
| Subdisciplines |
| ||||||||||
| Plant groups |
| ||||||||||
Plant morphology (glossary) |
| ||||||||||
|
| ||||||||||
| Plant growth and habit |
| ||||||||||
Reproduction
|
| ||||||||||
| Plant taxonomy |
| ||||||||||
| Practice |
| ||||||||||
|
| ||||||||||
| |||||||||||
This botany article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
|
全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.
| リンク元 | 「globe」「ball」「sphere」 |