関: mouth floor

WordNet

touch with the mouth
the opening of a jar or bottle; "the jar had a wide mouth"
the opening through which food is taken in and vocalizations emerge; "he stuffed his mouth with candy" (同)oral_cavity, oral fissure, rima oris
a person conceived as a consumer of food; "he has four mouths to feed"
an opening that resembles a mouth (as of a cave or a gorge); "he rode into the mouth of the canyon"; "they built a fire at the mouth of the cave"
the externally visible part of the oral cavity on the face and the system of organs surrounding the opening; "she wiped lipstick from her mouth"
the point where a stream issues into a larger body of water; "New York is at the mouth of the Hudson"
articulate silently; form words with the lips only; "She mouthed a swear word"
the inside lower horizontal surface (as of a room, hallway, tent, or other structure); "they needed rugs to cover the bare floors"; "we spread our sleeping bags on the dry floor of the tent" (同)flooring
a structure consisting of a room or set of rooms at a single position along a vertical scale; "what level is the office on?" (同)level, storey, story
a large room in a exchange where the trading is done; "he is a floor trader" (同)trading floor
the legislative hall where members debate and vote and conduct other business; "there was a motion from the floor"
a lower limit; "the government established a wage floor" (同)base
the bottom surface of any lake or other body of water
the ground on which people and animals move about; "the fire spared the forest floor"
the lower inside surface of any hollow structure; "the floor of the pelvis"; "the floor of the cave"
the occupants of a floor; "the whole floor complained about the lack of heat"
the parliamentary right to address an assembly; "the chairman granted him the floor"
building material used in laying floors

PrepTutorEJDIC

(人・動物の物を食べたり,音を発する)『口』,口腔 / (口に似た)開口部;(袋・びんなどの)口,(銅穴・峡谷などの)入り口;河口,港口 / …‘を'大げさに口を動かし気どってしゃべる / 〈信じていないこと・理解していないこと〉‘を'口にする / …‘を'口に入れる,かむ,なめる
〈C〉『床』 / 〈C〉底,底面(bottom) / 〈C〉(価格の)最低限度 / 〈C〉『階』,層 / 《the~》議場,議員席 / 《the~》(議員などの)発言権 / (…で)…‘の'床を張る《+『名』+『with』+『名』》 / …‘を'床(地面)になぐり倒す(knock down) / 《話》〈問題・議論などが〉〈人〉‘を'打ち破る,困惑させる(puzzle);〈ニュースなどが〉〈人〉‘を'あ然(ぼう然)とさせる
《所有・所属》…『の』,…のものである,…に属する・《材料・要素》…『でできた』,から成る・《部分》…『の』[『中の』] ・《数量・単位・種類を表す名詞に付いて》…の・《原因・動機》…『で』,のために(because of) ・《主格関係》…『の』,による,によって・《目的格関係》…『を』,の・《同格関係》…『という』・《関係・関連》…『についての』[『の』],の点で・《抽象名詞などと共に》…の[性質をもつ] ・《『It is』+『形』+『of』+『名』+『to』 doの形で,ofの後の名詞を意味上の主語として》・《分離》…『から』・《起原・出所》…『から』[『の』](out of) ・《『名』+『of』+『a』(『an』)+『名』の形で》…のような・《『名』+『of』+『mine』(『yours, his』など独立所有格)の形で》…の…・《時》(1)《副詞句を作って》…に《形容詞句を作って》…の・《時刻》《米》…前(to,《米》before)
〈U〉床材 / 《集合的に》床,床張り
OLD French古[代]フランス語

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/08/03 17:10:30」(JST)

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In human anatomy, the mouth is the first portion of the alimentary canal that receives food and saliva.^[1] The oral mucosa is the mucous membrane epithelium lining the inside of the mouth.

In addition to its primary role as the beginning of the digestive system, in humans the mouth also plays a significant role in communication. While primary aspects of the voice are produced in the throat, the tongue, lips, and jaw are also needed to produce the range of sounds included in human language.

The mouth consists of two regions, the vestibule and the oral cavity proper. The mouth, normally moist, is lined with a mucous membrane, and contains the teeth. The lips mark the transition from mucous membrane to skin, which covers most of the body.

Structure

Mouth cavity

Photograph of the inside of a human mouth. One palatine tonsil is also visible (white).

Anatomy of the mouth.

The mouth, consists of two regions, the vestibule and the oral cavity proper. The vestibule is the area between the teeth, lips and cheeks.^[2] The oral cavity is bounded at the sides and in front by the alveolar process (containing the teeth) and at the back by the isthmus of the fauces. Its roof is formed by hard palate and soft palate and the floor is formed by the mylohyoid muscles and is occupied mainly by the tongue. Mucous membrane lines the sides and under surface of the tongue to the gum lining the inner aspect of the jaw mandible. It receives the secretions from the submaxillary and sublingual salivary glands.

Orifice

While shut, the orifice of the mouth forms a line between the upper and lower lip. In facial expression, this mouth line is iconically shaped like an up-open parabola in a smile, and like a down-open parabola in a frown. A down-turned mouth means a mouth line forming a down-turned parabola, and when permanent can be normal. Also, a down-turned mouth can be part of the presentation of Prader-Willi syndrome.^[3]

Innervation

The teeth and the periodontium (i.e. the tissues that support the teeth) are innervated by the maxillary and mandibular divisions of the trigeminal nerve. Maxillary (upper) teeth and their associated periodontal ligament are innervated by the superior alveolar nerves, branches of the maxillary division, termed the posterior superior alveolar nerve, anterior superior alveolar nerve, and the variably present middle superior alveolar nerve. These nerves form the superior dental plexus above the maxillary teeth. The mandibular (lower) teeth and their associated periodontal ligament are innervated by the inferior alveolar nerve, a branch of the mandibular division. This nerve runs inside the mandible, within the inferior alveolar canal below the mandibular teeth, giving off branches to all the lower teeth (inferior dental plexus).^[4]^[5] The oral mucosa of the gingiva (gums) on the facial (labial) aspect of the maxillary incisors, canines and premolar teeth is innervated by the superior labial branches of the infraorbital nerve. The posterior superior alveolar nerve supplies the gingiva on the facial aspect of the maxillary molar teeth. The gingiva on the palatal aspect of the maxillary teeth is innervated by the greater palatine nerve apart from in the incisor region, where it is the nasopalatine nerve (long sphenopalatine nerve). The gingiva of the lingual aspect of the mandibular teeth is innervated by the sublingual nerve, a branch of the lingual nerve. The gingiva on the facial aspect of the mandibular incisors and canines is innervated by the mental nerve, the continuation of the inferior alveolar nerve emerging from the mental foramen. The gingiva of the buccal (cheek) aspect of the mandibular molar teeth is innervated by the buccal nerve (long buccal nerve).^[6]

Development

The philtrum is the vertical groove in the upper lip, formed where the nasomedial and maxillary processes meet during embryo development. When these processes fail to fuse fully, either a hare lip or cleft palate, (or both) can result. This can result in the encouraging process of the release of metabolic wastes.

The nasolabial folds are the deep creases of tissue that extend from the nose to the sides of the mouth. One of the first signs of age on the human face is the increase in prominence of the nasolabial folds.

Function

The mouth plays an important role in eating, drinking, breathing and speaking. Infants are born with a sucking reflex, by which they instinctively know to suck for nourishment using their lips and jaw. The mouth also helps in chewing and biting food.

Society and culture

Lips can be adorned with lipstick or lip gloss, although in most cultures, this is typically only practiced by females. Both men and women, however, apply lip balm in order to soothe chapped or dry lips.

Piercings in or around the area of the mouth have been made popular by younger generations, including those on the lip or tongue. The uvula piercing, while increasing in popularity, remains relatively rare.

References

^ Maton, Anthea; Jean Hopkins; Charles William McLaughlin; Susan Johnson; Maryanna Quon Warner; David LaHart; Jill D. Wright (1993). Human Biology and Health. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, USA: Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-981176-1.
^ Pocock, Gillian (2006). Human Physiology (Third ed ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 382. ISBN 978-0-19-856878-0. CS1 maint: Extra text (link)
^ Cassidy, Suzanne B.; Dykens, Elisabeth; Williams, Charles A. (2000). "Prader-Willi and Angelman syndromes: Sister imprinted disorders". American Journal of Medical Genetics 97 (2): 136–46. doi:10.1002/1096-8628(200022)97:2<136::AID-AJMG5>3.0.CO;2-V. PMID 11180221.
^ Susan Standring (editor in chief) (2008). Gray's anatomy : the anatomical basis of clinical practice (40th ed.). [Edinburgh]: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier. ISBN 978-0443066849.
^ Lindhe, Jan; Lang, Niklaus P; Karring, Thorkild, eds. (2008) [2003]. Clinical Periodontology and Implant Dentistry 5th edition. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Munksgaard. p. 48. ISBN 9781405160995.
^ Lindhe, Jan; Lang, Niklaus P; Karring, Thorkild, eds. (2008) [2003]. Clinical Periodontology and Implant Dentistry 5th edition. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Munksgaard. ISBN 9781405160995.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 早期（ステージIおよびII）の頭頸部癌の治療：口腔 treatment of early stage i and ii head and neck cancer the oral cavity
2. 局所進行性（ステージIIIおよびIV）の頭頸部癌の治療：口腔 treatment of locoregionally advanced stage iii and iv head and neck cancer the oral cavity

English Journal

Impact of autogenous concentrated bone marrow aspirate on bone regeneration after sinus floor augmentation with a bovine bone substitute - a split-mouth pilot study.

Wildburger A1, Payer M, Jakse N, Strunk D, Etchard-Liechtenstein N, Sauerbier S.
Clinical oral implants research.Clin Oral Implants Res.2014 Oct;25(10):1175-81. doi: 10.1111/clr.12228. Epub 2013 Jul 22.
PURPOSE: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) with biomaterials have osteoinductive potential. The aim of this study was to evaluate early bone formation in xenogenic sinus grafts in a direct comparison with and without MSCs after 3 and 6 months. Literature on bone formation in pure xenogenic graft materia
PMID 23875876

Does elective neck dissection in T1/T2 carcinoma of the oral tongue and floor of the mouth influence recurrence and survival rates?

Kelner N1, Vartanian JG2, Pinto CA3, Coutinho-Camillo CM4, Kowalski LP5.
The British journal of oral & maxillofacial surgery.Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg.2014 Sep;52(7):590-7. doi: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2014.03.020. Epub 2014 May 17.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of elective neck dissection compared with observation (control group) in selected cases of early carcinoma of the oral tongue and floor of the mouth. It was a retrospective analysis of 222 patients who had the tumour resected (161 also had elective n
PMID 24840539

Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma: Role of pretreatment imaging and its influence on management.

Arya S1, Rane P2, Deshmukh A2.
Clinical radiology.Clin Radiol.2014 Sep;69(9):916-30. doi: 10.1016/j.crad.2014.04.013. Epub 2014 Jun 5.
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the commonest malignancy in the oral cavity. The oral cavity has several subsites. Knowledge of the patterns of disease spread at each subsite with the impact on treatment and prognosis provides a deeper understanding of the role of imaging. Information from imaging
PMID 24908285

Japanese Journal

口底に発生した紡錘細胞癌の1例

愛知学院大学歯学会誌 53(2), 85-90, 2015-06
NAID 40020558425

Toxic shock-like syndrome様の経過を辿った口底蜂窩織炎の1例

日本口腔外科学会雑誌 61(4), 232-236, 2015
NAID 130005102752

舌下腺に発生した多形腺腫の1例

日本口腔外科学会雑誌 61(3), 177-181, 2015
NAID 130005100814

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「口腔底」「mouth floor」
関連記事	「mouth」「floor」

「口腔底」

Mouth
	Head and neck
	A closed human mouth
Details
Latin	os, cavitas oralis
Identifiers
Gray's	p.1110
MeSH	A01.456.505.631
Dorlands; /Elsevier	12220513
TA	A01.1.00.010
FMA	49184
	Anatomical terminology