WordNet

quite well; "she doesnt feel first-rate today" (同)very_well
one who is first-rate
preceding all others in time or space or degree; "the first house on the right"; "the first day of spring"; "his first political race"; "her first baby"; "the first time"; "the first meetings of the new party"; "the first phase of his training"
the first or highest in an ordering or series; "He wanted to be the first" (同)number_one
the first element in a countable series; "the first of the month" (同)number_one, number 1
an honours degree of the highest class (同)first-class honours degree
indicating the beginning unit in a series (同)1st
before anything else; "first we must consider the garter snake" (同)firstly, foremost, first of all, first off
the initial time; "when Felix first saw a garter snake" (同)for_the_first_time
ranking above all others; "was first in her class"; "the foremost figure among marine artists"; "the top graduate" (同)foremost, world-class
before another in time, space, or importance; "I was here first"; "lets do this job first"
highest in pitch or chief among parts or voices or instruments or orchestra sections; "first soprano"; "the first violin section"; "played first horn"
be worthy of or have a certain rating; "This bond rates highly"
amount of a charge or payment relative to some basis; "a 10-minute phone call at that rate would cost $5" (同)charge per unit
a magnitude or frequency relative to a time unit; "they traveled at a rate of 55 miles per hour"; "the rate of change was faster than expected"
a quantity or amount or measure considered as a proportion of another quantity or amount or measure; "the literacy rate"; "the retention rate"; "the dropout rate"
assign a rank or rating to; "how would you rank these students?"; "The restaurant is rated highly in the food guide" (同)rank, range, order, grade, place
estimate the value of; "How would you rate his chances to become President?"; "Gold was rated highly among the Romans" (同)value
give (hair) the appearance of being fuller by using a rat
a pad (usually made of hair) worn as part of a womans coiffure
any of various long-tailed rodents similar to but larger than a mouse
catch rats, especially with dogs
desert ones party or group of friends, for example, for ones personal advantage
employ scabs or strike breakers in
any of various evergreen trees of the genus Abies; chiefly of upland areas (同)fir_tree, true fir
nonresinous wood of a fir tree
standing or position on a scale

PrepTutorEJDIC

一流の,第一級の,最上の: / 《話》すばらしい / すばらしくよく,順調に
(順序・時間的に)『第1の』,1番目の;最初の / (階級・等級・重要度などが)『1番の』,第一級の,首席の,最も重要な / 『最初に』,まっ先に;1番目に,第1位に;初めて / (…するくらいなら)むしろ,いっそ(…のほうがいい)(rather, sooner) / 《通例the~》『最初のもの』;(月の)第1日;(時代の)第1年 / 《通例the~》初め,始まり / 〈U〉ファーストギヤ,低速ギヤ / 〈C〉《英》(競技などの)第1位,1等(試験の)第一級 / 《複数形で》最高級品,一級品 / 〈U〉=first base
〈C〉『割合』,『率』 / 〈C〉《the~,a~》『速度』(speed),進度 / 〈C〉『値段』,『相場』;料金 / 〈U〉等級(class),(…)等 / 《複数形ぃ》《英》地方税 / (…の金額に)…‘の'『値段を決める』,見積もる《+『名』+『at』+『名』》 / …‘を'『評価する』,みなす / 《米話》…‘に'値する,‘の'価値がある / 『評価される』;みなされる
…‘を'どなりつける
『ネズミ』 / ひきょう者,裏切り者 / ネズミをつかまえる / 《話》(人を)裏切る,密告する《+『on』+『名』〈人〉》
モミ,モミの木(クリスマスツリーに用いられる) / モミ材
〈C〉〈U〉（品質・技量などによる）格づけ,評価 / 〈C〉（個人・会社の経済的な）信用度 / 〈C〉(トン・馬力による)(船舶・車)の等級 / 〈C〉(テレビ・ラジオの)視聴率

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/01/27 19:22:40」(JST)

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HMS Victory in 1884

First rate was the designation used by the Royal Navy for its largest ships of the line. The size and establishment of guns and men changed during the 250 years that the rating system held sway. From the early years of the 18th century, the first rates comprised those ships mounting 80 guns or more on three gundecks.^[1]

By end of the 18th century, a first rate could carry more than 850 crew and had a measurement (burthen) tonnage of some 2,000 tons.

Rating

When the original rating system evolved during the first part of the 17th century, first rates were ships with a complement of at least 300 men (it was not until after 1660 that the number of carriage-mounted guns became the deciding criterion). Early first rates had as few as 60 guns, but by the mid-1660s they generally carried between 90 and 100 guns. By the early years of the 18th century, it had become accepted that 100 guns was the standard criterion for a first rate in wartime (while 90 guns, later 98 guns, became the standard wartime ordnance for a second rate). (In peacetime, all ships of the line carried a reduced complement of guns.) Towards the close of the century, ships were built with more than 100 guns, and they too were classed as first rates.

In addition to the rated number of carriage-mounted guns (which included the heaviest calibre available mounted on their lower decks, with smaller guns on the decks above), first rates also carried a number of anti-personnel guns, initially swivel-mounted weapons. From the invention of the slide-mounted carronade in the later 1770s, first rates (like other warships), could mount a number of these weapons on their quarterdecks and forecastles to augment their short-range firepower, but they were not included in the ship's rating until 1817 except where they replaced carriage-mounted guns.

Although very powerful, first rates of the 17th and 18th centuries tended to be slow and unhandy. For stability, the lowest gundeck had to be very close to the water, and in anything but calm water the gunports had to be kept closed, rendering the entire deck useless. Ships were subsequently built with more freeboard (the height above the waterline of the sill of the lowest port); these problems were then gradually overcome.

Ships of this size were also extremely expensive to operate. As a result, the few first rates (the Royal Navy had only five completed in 1794), were typically reserved as commanding admirals' flagships. First rates were typically kept out of commission ("in Ordinary") during peacetime and only activated ("commissioned") during times of conflict. This had the added advantage of preserving them from the wear and tear that smaller ships experienced in spending long periods at sea. Spending time in ordinary could considerably extend a first rate's lifespan; for instance, by the time she fought in the Battle of Trafalgar, HMS Victory had been in service for 40 years, although a portion of this time was spent in Ordinary.

With first rates being the most powerful ships of the navy, it was common to compare them with the navies of other nations; frequently one sees the largest ships of those navies being referred to as first rates. Other nations had their own rating systems, notably the French Navy with its system of five formal rates or rangs.

Ships

Due to their unique importance as prestige warships, only a small number of first rates could be built and maintained at any one time.^[2] Thus over the 250 years (approximately) that the rating system of the Royal Navy was used, only a relatively small number of these ships saw service.

Only one first rate has survived to the present. HMS Victory, Admiral Nelson's flagship at the Battle of Trafalgar, is preserved at HMNB Portsmouth and is in commission. The hull of the 112-gun HMS St Lawrence, which was built and operated entirely in fresh water during the War of 1812, survives intact in shallow water near shore in Kingston, Ontario and is a popular diving attraction. Two other noted first rates were HMS Royal Sovereign, which was broken up in 1841, and HMS Britannia, which was broken up in 1825. Both these ships had 100 guns. Later first rates such as the Caledonia and its several sisters had 120 guns. Other navies, notably those of France and Spain, also had similar ships with more than 100 guns, the most heavily armed being the Spanish Santísima Trinidad which, following a rebuilding in 1802, carried 140 guns.

Other usage

The term "first-rate" has passed into general English usage as an adjective used to mean "exceptionally good", deriving from the original ships as powerful and prestigious ships.

Notes

^ Bennett The Battle of Trafalgar, p. 19
^ Winfield, First Rate

Bibliography

Rodger, N.A.M. The Command of the Ocean, a Naval History of Britain 1649-1815, London (2004). ISBN 0-7139-9411-8.
Bennett, G. The Battle of Trafalgar, Barnsley (2004). ISBN 1-84415-107-7.
Winfield, Rif, British Warships in the Age of Sail: 1603-1714, Barnsley (2009) ISBN 978-1-84832-040-6; British Warships in the Age of Sail: 1714-1792, Barnsley (2007) ISBN 978-1-84415-700-6; British Warships in the Age of Sail: 1793-1817, (2nd edition) Barnsley (2008). ISBN 978-1-84415-717-4; British Warships in the Age of Sail: 1817-1863, Barnsley (2014). ISBN 978-1-84832-169-4; First Rate, Barnsley (2010) ISBN 978-1-84832-071-0.

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English Journal

On the Reaction Mechanism of the Complete Intermolecular O2 Transfer between Mononuclear Nickel and Manganese Complexes with Macrocyclic Ligands.

Zapata-Rivera J1, Caballol R, Calzado CJ, Liakos DG, Neese F.
Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany).Chemistry.2014 Oct 6;20(41):13296-304. doi: 10.1002/chem.201403233. Epub 2014 Sep 1.
The recently described intermolecular O2 transfer between the side-on Ni-O2 complex [(12-TMC)Ni-O2 ](+) and the manganese complex [(14-TMC)Mn](2+) , where 12-TMC and 14-TMC are 12- and 14-membered macrocyclic ligands, 12-TMC=1,4,7,10-tetramethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane and 14-TMC=1,4,8,11-tet
PMID 25179780

Chemolithotrophic primary production in a subglacial ecosystem.

Boyd ES1, Hamilton TL2, Havig JR3, Skidmore ML4, Shock EL5.
Applied and environmental microbiology.Appl Environ Microbiol.2014 Oct 1;80(19):6146-53. doi: 10.1128/AEM.01956-14. Epub 2014 Aug 1.
Glacial comminution of bedrock generates fresh mineral surfaces capable of sustaining chemotrophic microbial communities under the dark conditions that pervade subglacial habitats. Geochemical and isotopic evidence suggests that pyrite oxidation is a dominant weathering process generating protons th
PMID 25085483

Mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase-1 is essential for murine CD4(+) T cell metabolic activation.

Faris R1, Fan YY2, De Angulo A1, Chapkin RS2, deGraffenried LA1, Jolly CA3.
Biochimica et biophysica acta.Biochim Biophys Acta.2014 Oct;1842(10):1475-82. doi: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.07.009. Epub 2014 Jul 24.
Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase-1 is the first rate limiting step in de novo glycerophospholipid synthesis. We have previously demonstrated that GPAT-1 deletion can significantly alter T cell function resulting in a T cell phenotype similar to that seen in aging. Recent studies have suggested t
PMID 25066474

Japanese Journal

同風印社『印印』総目録化報告

権田瞬一
書学書道史研究 2014(24), 75-92,116, 2014
… It also had the elements of a collection of impressions of seals engraved by society members, and the postscript ("Yoteki" 餘滴) at the end of each issue could be said to provide first-rate material on the state of the contemporary world of calligraphy and seal engraving. But only a small number of copies of Inin were printed, and there exist very few complete sets. …
NAID 130005064128

2414 三大制約条件と第1級の知性(一般セッション)

中嶋秀隆
プロジェクトマネジメント学会研究発表大会予稿集 2012(春季), 348-349, 2012-03-14
プロジェクトでは相反する複数の目標を同時に追求するが,通常,三大制約条件のバランスをとることに主眼が置かれる.それに対する向き合い方を,プロジェクトマネジメント技法の習熟度に沿って考察し,さらにその先を考える.
NAID 110009832493

看板の色変更に関する研究:－街並みとの調和・視認性・ロゴアイデンティティの観点から－

槙究
日本建築学会環境系論文集 77(682), 941-948, 2012
… Various color-modified logos were displayed in the first rate their impression. …
NAID 130004506411

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