関: basal ganglia disease、basal ganglia disorder

WordNet

bring disorder to (同)disarray
a physical condition in which there is a disturbance of normal functioning; "the doctor prescribed some medicine for the disorder"; "everyone gets stomach upsets from time to time" (同)upset
a disturbance of the peace or of public order
not arranged in order (同)unordered

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉『無秩序』,混乱,乱雑(confusion) / 《しばしば複数形で》(社会的・政治的な)粉争,騒動 / 〈C〉(肉体的・精神的な)不調,異常,障害 / …‘の'秩序を乱す / 〈心身〉‘に'異常を起こさせる

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/06/04 18:56:00」(JST)

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Movement disorders include:

Akathisia (inability to sit still)
Akinesia (lack of movement)
Associated Movements (Mirror Movements or Homolateral Synkinesis)
Athetosis (contorted torsion or twisting)
Ataxia (gross lack of coordination of muscle movements)
Ballismus (violent involuntary rapid and irregular movements)
- Hemiballismus (affecting only one side of the body)
Bradykinesia (slow movement)
Cerebral palsy
Chorea (rapid, involuntary movement)
- Sydenham's chorea
- Rheumatic chorea
- Huntington's disease
Dyskinesia (abnormal, involuntary movement)
- Tardive dyskinesia
Dystonia (sustained torsion)
- Dystonia muscularum
- Blepharospasm
- Writer's cramp
- Spasmodic torticollis (twisting of head and neck)
- Dopamine-responsive dystonia (hereditary progressive dystonia with diurnal fluctuation or Segawa's disease)
Essential tremor
Geniospasm (episodic involuntary up and down movements of the chin and lower lip)
Myoclonus (brief, involuntary twitching of a muscle or a group of muscles)
Metabolic General Unwellness Movement Syndrome (MGUMS)
Mirror movement disorder (involuntary movements on one side of the body mirroring voluntary movements of the other side)
Parkinson's disease
Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia
Restless Legs Syndrome RLS (WittMaack-Ekboms disease)
Spasms (contractions)
Stereotypic movement disorder
Stereotypy (repetition)
Tic disorders (involuntary, compulsive, repetitive, stereotyped)
- Tourette's syndrome
Tremor (oscillations)
- Rest tremor (4-8 Hz)
- Postural tremor
- Kinetic tremor
- Essential tremor (6-8 Hz variable amplitude)
- Cerebellar tremor (6-8 Hz variable amplitude)
- Parkinsonian tremors (4-8 Hz variable amplitude)
- Physiological tremor (10-12 Hz low amplitude)
Wilson's disease

Treatment

Treatment depends upon the underlying disorder.^[1] Movement disorders have been known to be associated with a variety of autoimmune diseases.^[2]

References

^ "MedlinePlus: Movement Disorders".
^ Baizabal-Carvallo, JF; Jankovic J. (2012-07-18). "Movement disorders in autoimmune diseases.". Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society Jul. doi:10.1002/mds.25011. PMID 22555904. Retrieved 11 October 2013. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Morphologic changes within the cerebellar cortex in the unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesioned rat model for Parkinson disease.

Wu C1, Fan G2, Wu C3, Yu G4, Li Z4.
Histology and histopathology.Histol Histopathol.2016 Dec;31(12):1337-46. doi: 10.14670/HH-11-760. Epub 2016 Mar 21.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder caused by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Most investigations have focused on the cerebral regions such as the basal ganglia, thalamus, or the substantia nigra, but whether there is pathologic impai
PMID 26996233

Phase I, open-label, randomized, parallel study to evaluate the pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of one intramuscular injection of risperidone ISM at different dose strengths in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (PRISMA-1).

Llaudó J1, Anta L, Ayani I, Martínez J, Schronen J, Morozova M, Ivanov M, Gutierro I.
International clinical psychopharmacology.Int Clin Psychopharmacol.2016 Nov;31(6):323-31. doi: 10.1097/YIC.0000000000000139.
The aim of this study was to characterize the pharmacokinetics and to evaluate the safety of risperidone ISM in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder after a single gluteal intramuscular injection at three different dose strengths (50, 75, and 100 mg). A total of 36 patients were
PMID 27416102

Aberrant self-grooming as early marker of motor dysfunction in a rat model of Huntington's disease.

Tartaglione AM1, Armida M2, Potenza RL2, Pezzola A2, Popoli P2, Calamandrei G3.
Behavioural brain research.Behav Brain Res.2016 Oct 15;313:53-7. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.06.058. Epub 2016 Jun 30.
In the study of neurodegenerative diseases, rodent models provide experimentally accessible systems to study multiple pathogenetic aspects. The identification of early and robust behavioural changes is crucial to monitoring disease progression and testing potential therapeutic strategies in animals.
PMID 27374158

Japanese Journal

パーキンソン病（PD）の循環系予備能と運動処方の実際

平山正昭,中村友彦,祖父江元
臨床神経学 53(11), 1376-1378, 2013
PDは，錐体外路疾患としてだけでなく数々の非運動症状をともなう広範な病変を持った疾患である．とくに，心循環器系に関しては，早期からMIBGの異常がみられることが知られている．起立性低血圧などもパーキンソン病の早期の症状としてみられる．さらに，心臓のβ1刺激薬による脱過敏をみとめ，運動時に心拍出量の増加に乏しく循環予備能の低下を招いている．このため疲労感との関連が高く，心交感神経が異常であるほど疲労 …
NAID 130004505453

Pathophysiological Roles of Serotonergic System in Regulating Extrapyramidal Motor Functions

Ohno Yukihiro,Shimizu Saki,Tokudome Kentaro
Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 36(9), 1396-1400, 2013
… 5-HT) receptors regulate extrapyramidal motor functions, which are implicated in pathogenesis and/or treatment of various neurological disorders (e.g., Parkinson's disease and drug-induced extrapyramidal motor deficits). … Specifically, antagonism of 5-HT2A/2C receptors alleviates antipsychotic-induced extrapyramidal side effects (EPS) by relieving the 5-HT2A/2C receptor-mediated inhibition of nigral dopaminergic neuron activity and striatal dopamine release. …
NAID 130003361521

EFFECT OF DOPAMINE RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST ON CONSTIPATION IN THE RAT MODEL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE

齋藤悠,砂川正隆,岩波弘明,五味範浩,貴島健,齊藤洋幸,須賀大樹,福島正也,渡邊一惠,久光正,谷川博人
昭和医学会雑誌 72(1), 100-107, 2012
… Parkinson's disease, PD, a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by extrapyramidal symptoms, is often associated with non-motor symptoms. …
NAID 130002582880