WordNet

purely outward or superficial; "external composure"; "an external concern for reputation"- A.R.Gurney,Jr.
outward features; "he enjoyed the solemn externals of religion"
coming from the outside; "extraneous light in the camera spoiled the photograph"; "relying upon an extraneous income"; "disdaining outside pressure groups" (同)extraneous, outside
from or between other countries; "external commerce"; "international trade"; "developing nations need outside help" (同)international, outside
happening or arising or located outside or beyond some limits or especially surface; "the external auditory canal"; "external pressures"
make ones way by force; "He muscled his way into the office"
animal tissue consisting predominantly of contractile cells (同)muscular_tissue
one of the contractile organs of the body (同)musculus
authority or power or force (especially when used in a coercive way); "the senators used their muscle to get the party leader to resign"
a ring of muscle that contracts to close an opening (同)anatomical sphincter, sphincter_muscle

PrepTutorEJDIC

『外側の』,外部の / (作用・動作などが)『外側からの』,外部からの / 表面上の,見せかけの / 体外の;体外用の / 外国の(foreign) / (…の)外観,外形《+『of』+『名』》
《所有・所属》…『の』,…のものである,…に属する・《材料・要素》…『でできた』,から成る・《部分》…『の』[『中の』] ・《数量・単位・種類を表す名詞に付いて》…の・《原因・動機》…『で』,のために(because of) ・《主格関係》…『の』,による,によって・《目的格関係》…『を』,の・《同格関係》…『という』・《関係・関連》…『についての』[『の』],の点で・《抽象名詞などと共に》…の[性質をもつ] ・《『It is』+『形』+『of』+『名』+『to』 doの形で,ofの後の名詞を意味上の主語として》・《分離》…『から』・《起原・出所》…『から』[『の』](out of) ・《『名』+『of』+『a』(『an』)+『名』の形で》…のような・《『名』+『of』+『mine』(『yours, his』など独立所有格)の形で》…の…・《時》(1)《副詞句を作って》…に《形容詞句を作って》…の・《時刻》《米》…前(to,《米》before)
〈U〉(動物体の組織としての)『筋肉』,筋(きん);〈C〉(体の各部を動かす)筋肉 / 〈U〉力,(特に)筋力,腕力 / 《俗に》(…に)強引に割り込む《+『in on』(『into, through』)+『名』》
括約筋(かつやくきん)
(次にくる語の発音が母音で始まるときに用いる) / (子音[h]で始まり第1音節に強勢のない語の場合はanを用いることがある.ただし,この場合は[h]を発音しない)

UpToDate Contents

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1. 肛門括約筋断裂の待機手術によるマネージメント delayed surgical management of the disrupted anal sphincter
2. 成人における便失禁：疫学および評価 fecal incontinence in adults etiology and evaluation
3. 妊娠および経膣分娩が肛門括約筋および便失禁に及ぼす影響 effect of pregnancy and childbirth on anal sphincter function and fecal incontinence
4. 原発性直腸癌に対する手術の概要 overview of surgery for the treatment of primary rectal adenocarcinoma
5. 出産に伴う会陰切開および会陰裂傷の修復 repair of episiotomy and perineal lacerations associated with childbirth

English Journal

Relationship Among Anal Sphincter Injury, Patulous Anal Canal, and Anal Pressures in Patients With Anorectal Disorders.

Prichard D1, Harvey DM1, Fletcher JG2, Zinsmeister AR3, Bharucha AE1.
Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association.Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol.2015 Apr 11. pii: S1542-3565(15)00380-8. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2015.03.033. [Epub ahead of print]
BACKGROUND & AIMS: The anal sphincters and puborectalis are imaged routinely with an endoanal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) coil, which does not assess co-aptation of the anal canal at rest. By using a MRI torso coil, we identified a patulous anal canal in some patients with anorectal disorde
PMID 25869638

One stage operation through modified posterior sagittal approach preserving the sphincter intact for anal agenesis with rectovestibular fistula.

Liem NT1, Quynh TA2.
Journal of pediatric surgery.J Pediatr Surg.2015 Apr;50(4):634-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2015.01.003. Epub 2015 Jan 16.
PURPOSE: To describe the surgical technique and outcomes of an one stage operation through modified posterior sagittal approach (PSAP) preserving the sphincter intact for anal agenesia with rectovestibula fistula.PATIENTS AND METHODS: 57 patients suffering from anal agenesis with rectovestibular fis
PMID 25840077

Pelvic floor in females with anorectal malformations--findings on perineal ultrasonography and aspects of delivery mode.

Stenström P1, Hambraeus M2, Arnbjörnsson E2, Örnö AK3.
Journal of pediatric surgery.J Pediatr Surg.2015 Apr;50(4):622-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2014.08.004. Epub 2014 Oct 1.
BACKGROUND: Advice on the mode of delivery to females born with anorectal malformation (ARM) is needed. The primary aim was to evaluate the anatomy of the pelvic floor muscles in females with ARM operated with posterior sagittal anorectal plasty (PSARP). The second aim was to correlate the extent of
PMID 25840075

Japanese Journal

正常肛門を有する直腸腟前庭部瘻の一手術例

向井基,松藤凡,加治建 [他],川野孝文,松久保眞,右田美里,髙松英夫,ムカイモトイ,マツフジヒロシ,カジタツル,カワノタカフミ,マツクボマコト,ミギタミサト,タカマツヒデオ,MUKAI Motoi,MATSUFUJI Hiroshi,KAJI Tatsuru,KAWANO Takafumi,MATSUKUBO Makoto,MIGITA Misato,TAKAMATSU Hideo
鹿児島大学医学雑誌 62(3), 51-53, 2011-01
… We report an infant surgical case of recto-vestibular fistula with normal anus. … She presented with ectopic defecationthrough the vestibular fossa at the age of one month. … The following day she underwent sigmoid colostomy because of deep inflammation in the pubic region.She underwent the transperineal removal of fistula at five months, but she experienced recurrence one month aftersurgery. …
NAID 40018726859

痔瘻に対する原発巣開放手術(限局的 laying open 法)の術後長期成績

大見良裕,稲葉宏,関野晴夫,長谷川信吾,大見琢磨,大見究磨,山本雅由,星加奈子
日本大腸肛門病学会雑誌 62(5), 307-322, 2009-05-01
目的：痔瘻に対して原発巣開放手術を行い5年以上を経過した125例の状態を検討した．対象と方法：平成3年5月から平成14年5月までに原発巣開放手術（一次口·一次瘻管·内肛門括約筋·原発巣·皮下外肛門括約筋を含めて切除または切開開放創とする）を125例の痔瘻（II LC 8例，II H 31例，III 12例，II H+III 74例）に行った．手術後の経過はカルテの記載と郵送によるアンケート調査で …
NAID 10024925547

下部直腸癌, 肛門管癌に対する括約筋切除をともなう新しい肛門温存術の可能性 : 病理組織学的研究

白水和雄,緒方裕,荒木靖三
日本大腸肛門病学会雑誌 57(6), 315-323, 2004-06-01
… The possibility of a new sphincter saving operation for carcinoma of the lower rectum or anal canal was examined.<BR>Materials and methods : The presence or absence of invasion and metastasis to the anal canal was histologically reviewed based on 211 surgical specimens of abdominoperineal resection. …
NAID 10013796740