WordNet

a benign outgrowth from a bone (usually covered with cartilage)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/12/17 01:53:28」(JST)

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An exostosis (plural: exostoses) is the formation of new bone on the surface of a bone.^[1] Exostoses can cause chronic pain ranging from mild to debilitatingly severe, depending on the shape, size, and location of the lesion. It is most commonly found in places like the ribs, where small bone growths form, but sometimes larger growths can grow on places like the ankles, knees, shoulders, elbows and hips. Very rarely are they on the skull.

They normally form on the bones of joints, and can grow upwards. For example, if an extra bone formed on the ankle, it might grow up to the shin.

When used in the phrases "Cartilaginous exostosis" or "Osteocartilaginous exostosis", it is considered synonymous with Osteochondroma. Some sources consider the terms to mean the same thing even without qualifiers, but this interpretation is not universal.

Fossil record

Evidence for exostosis found in the fossil record is studied by paleopathologists, specialists in ancient disease and injury. Exostosis has been reported in dinosaur fossils from several species, including Acrocanthosaurus atokensis, Albertosaurus sarcophagus, Allosaurus fragilis, Gorgosaurus libratus, and Poekilopleuron bucklandii.^[2]

Hereditary Multiple Exostoses

Hereditary multiple exostoses (also called: hereditary multiple osteochondromas (HMO) is a condition that is estimated to affect 1 in 50,000 individuals. Multiple benign or noncancerous bone tumors develop in the affected individuals. The number and location vary among affected patients. Most people seem unaffected at birth; however, by the age of 12 years, they develop multiple exostoses.

Types of exostosis

Surfer's ear (Exostosis of the ear canal)
Hereditary multiple exostoses (HME)
Subungual exostosis
Buccal exostosis
Torus mandibularis
Torus palatinus

References

^ "exostosis" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
^ Molnar, R. E., 2001, Theropod paleopathology: a literature survey: In: Mesozoic Vertebrate Life, edited by Tanke, D. H., and Carpenter, K., Indiana University Press, p. 337-363.

External links

The Ear and Balance Center, The Sonos Group
MHE Research Foundation (Multiple Hereditary Exostoses)
Surfer's Ear Explanation, Dr. Shohet
-1691025402 at GPnotebook (equates "Exostosis" with "osteochondroma")]

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Anatomic variations and lesions of the maxillary sinus detected in cone beam computed tomography for dental implants.

Pelinsari Lana J, Moura Rodrigues Carneiro P, de Carvalho Machado V, Eduardo Alencar de Souza P, Ricardo Manzi F, Campolina Rebello Horta M.SourceDepartment of Dentistry, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Slice Diagnóstico Volumétrico por Imagem, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
Clinical oral implants research.Clin Oral Implants Res.2012 Dec;23(12):1398-403. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2011.02321.x. Epub 2011 Oct 3.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the presence of anatomic variations and lesions of the maxillary sinus in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) of the maxilla required for dental implant planning.MATERIAL AND METHODS: This transversal prevalence study evaluated a sample of 500 consecutive CBCT exams. The incl
PMID 22092889

Intrathoracic costal exostosis.

Rolli L, Ampollini L, Carbognani P, Rusca M.SourceDepartment of Surgical Sciences, Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy.
European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery.Eur J Cardiothorac Surg.2012 Dec;42(6):1051. doi: 10.1093/ejcts/ezs327. Epub 2012 Jun 1.
PMID 22659900

Japanese Journal

Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva Misdiagnosed as Cervical Exostosis

, ,
Internal Medicine 54(7), 867-868, 2015
NAID 130005063198

A 5-year-old Boy with a Large Hereditary Multiple Exostoses Lump Grown into Thoracic Cavity

, , ,
Annals of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 20(Supplement), 528-530, 2014
… Multiple exostosis is associated with the autosomal dominant disorder and hereditary multiple exostoses (HMEs), are rarely growing around the ribs and the formation of a large lump into the thoracic cavity. …
NAID 130004889797

遺伝性多発性外骨腫症に伴う前腕変形に対して延長術を施行した5例

永野昭仁,大野貴敏,大島康司,西本裕,松本和,秋山治彦
中部日本整形外科災害外科学会雑誌 57(4), 759-760, 2014
NAID 130004699090

Related Pictures

Exostoses, Multiple Hereditary; Diaphyseal Aclasis; Chondrodysplasia, Hereditary Exostosis - of Foot, Mouth, Ear, Definition, Pictures The cortex of the exostosis is Exostosis - Wikipedia Tibial exostosis | Image | Radiopaedia.org Femural exostosis | Radiology Case | Radiopaedia.org

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「骨軟骨腫」「exostoses」
拡張検索	「hereditary multiple exostosis」

「骨軟骨腫」

Exostosis
	X-ray of the left femur of a 10-year-old boy with an exostosis at the lateral side, just above the knee.
Classification and external resources
ICD-9-CM	726.91
DiseasesDB	18621
Patient UK	Exostosis
MeSH	D005096