WordNet

impose or inflict forcefully; "The military government clamped a curfew onto the capital"
a device (generally used by carpenters) that holds things firmly together (同)clinch
fasten or fix with a clamp; "clamp the chair together until the glue has hardened"
gather clams, by digging in the sand by the ocean
burrowing marine mollusk living on sand or mud; the shell closes with viselike firmness
flesh of either hard-shell or soft-shell clams
a practical method or art applied to some particular task

PrepTutorEJDIC

かすがい,締めくぎ,万力 / {動}〈他〉 / …'を'かすがい(万力など)で締めつける
(土をかぶせて貯蔵してある)じゃがいも(根菜)の山
ハマグリ / ハマグリを取る
〈U〉(科学・芸術などの)『技巧』,技術 / 〈C〉(技術・技巧を示す)『手法』,表現方法;腕前

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1. 小児における基本的な気道のマネージメント basic airway management in children
2. インスリン作用 insulin action
3. 多嚢胞性卵巣症候群の治療を目的としたメトホルミン metformin for treatment of the polycystic ovary syndrome
4. 小児および思春期における肥満の併存疾患および合併症 comorbidities and complications of obesity in children and adolescents
5. 乳児の持続性高インスリン血症性低血糖症の治療および合併症 treatment and complications of persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy

English Journal

Dapagliflozin improves muscle insulin sensitivity but enhances endogenous glucose production.

Merovci A, Solis-Herrera C, Daniele G, Eldor R, Fiorentino TV, Tripathy D, Xiong J, Perez Z, Norton L, Abdul-Ghani MA, Defronzo RA.AbstractChronic hyperglycemia impairs insulin action, resulting in glucotoxicity, which can be ameliorated in animal models by inducing glucosuria with renal glucose transport inhibitors. Here, we examined whether reduction of plasma glucose with a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor could improve insulin-mediated tissue glucose disposal in patients with type 2 diabetes. Eighteen diabetic men were randomized to receive either dapagliflozin (n = 12) or placebo (n = 6) for 2 weeks. We measured insulin-mediated whole body glucose uptake and endogenous glucose production (EGP) at baseline and 2 weeks after treatment using the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp technique. Dapagliflozin treatment induced glucosuria and markedly lowered fasting plasma glucose. Insulin-mediated tissue glucose disposal increased by approximately 18% after 2 weeks of dapagliflozin treatment, while placebo-treated subjects had no change in insulin sensitivity. Surprisingly, following dapagliflozin treatment, EGP increased substantially and was accompanied by an increase in fasting plasma glucagon concentration. Together, our data indicate that reduction of plasma glucose with an agent that works specifically on the kidney to induce glucosuria improves muscle insulin sensitivity. However, glucosuria induction following SGLT2 inhibition is associated with a paradoxical increase in EGP. These results provide support for the glucotoxicity hypothesis, which suggests that chronic hyperglycemia impairs insulin action in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
The Journal of clinical investigation.J Clin Invest.2014 Feb 3;124(2):509-14. doi: 10.1172/JCI70704. Epub 2014 Jan 27.
Chronic hyperglycemia impairs insulin action, resulting in glucotoxicity, which can be ameliorated in animal models by inducing glucosuria with renal glucose transport inhibitors. Here, we examined whether reduction of plasma glucose with a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor could impr
PMID 24463448

Validation of insulin sensitivity surrogate indices and prediction of clinical outcomes in individuals with and without impaired renal function.

Jia T1, Huang X2, Qureshi AR1, Xu H3, Arnlöv J4, Lindholm B1, Cederholm T5, Stenvinkel P1, Risérus U5, Carrero JJ6.Author information 1Divisions of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.21] Divisions of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden [2] Division of Nephrology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen, China.31] Divisions of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden [2] Division of Renal Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China.41] Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Section of Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden [2] School of Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden.5Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.61] Divisions of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden [2] Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.AbstractAs chronic kidney disease (CKD) progresses with abnormalities in glucose and insulin metabolism, commonly used insulin sensitivity indices (ISIs) may not be applicable in individuals with CKD. Here we sought to validate surrogate ISIs against the glucose disposal rate by the gold-standard hyperinsulinemic euglycemic glucose clamp (HEGC) technique in 1074 elderly men of similar age (70 years) of whom 495 had and 579 did not have CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) under 60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 (median eGFR of 46 ml/min per 1.73 m2)). All ISIs provided satisfactory (weighted κ over 0.6) estimates of the glucose disposal rate in patients with CKD. ISIs derived from oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) agreed better with HEGC than those from fasting samples (higher predictive accuracy). Regardless of CKD strata, all ISIs allowed satisfactory clinical discrimination between the presence and absence of insulin resistance (glucose disposal rate under 4 mg/kg/min). We also assessed the ability of both HEGC and ISIs to predict all-cause and cardiovascular mortality during a 10-year follow-up. Neither HEGC nor ISIs independently predicted mortality. Adjustment for renal function did not materially change these associations. Thus, ISIs can be applied in individuals with moderately impaired renal function for diagnostic purposes. For research matters, OGTT-derived ISIs may be preferred. Our data do not support the hypothesis of kidney function mediating insulin sensitivity (IS)-associated outcomes nor a role for IS as a predictor of mortality.Kidney International advance online publication, 29 January 2014; doi:10.1038/ki.2014.1.
Kidney international.Kidney Int.2014 Jan 29. doi: 10.1038/ki.2014.1. [Epub ahead of print]
As chronic kidney disease (CKD) progresses with abnormalities in glucose and insulin metabolism, commonly used insulin sensitivity indices (ISIs) may not be applicable in individuals with CKD. Here we sought to validate surrogate ISIs against the glucose disposal rate by the gold-standard hyperinsul
PMID 24476695

Improvement of Insulin Sensitivity by a Novel Drug Candidate, BGP-15, in Different Animal Studies.

Literáti-Nagy B, Tory K, Peitl B, Bajza A, Korányi L, Literáti-Nagy Z, Hooper PL, Vígh L, Szilvássy Z.Author information 1 Drug Research Center Ltd. , Balatonfüred, Hungary .AbstractAbstract Background: Insulin resistance has been recognized as the most significant predictor of further development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Here we investigated the effect of a heat shock protein (HSP) co-inducer, BGP-15, on insulin sensitivity in different insulin-resistant animal models and compared its effect with insulin secretagogues and insulin sensitizers. Methods: Insulin sensitivity was assessed by the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic glucose clamp technique in normal and cholesterol-fed rabbits and in healthy Wistar and Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats in dose-ranging studies. We also examined the effect of BGP-15 on streptozotocin-induced changes in the vasorelaxation of the aorta in Sprague-Dawley rats. Results: BGP-15 doses of 10 and 30 mg/kg increased insulin sensitivity by 50% and 70%, respectively, in cholesterol-fed but not in normal rabbits. After 5 days of treatment with BGP-15, the glucose infusion rate was increased in a dose-dependent manner in genetically insulin-resistant GK rats. The most effective dose was 20 mg/kg, which showed a 71% increase in insulin sensitivity compared to control group. Administration of BGP-15 protected against streptozotocin-induced changes in vasorelaxation, which was similar to the effect of rosiglitazone. Conclusion: Our results indicate that the insulin-sensitizing effect of BGP-15 is comparable to conventional insulin sensitizers. This might be of clinical utility in the treatment of T2DM.
Metabolic syndrome and related disorders.Metab Syndr Relat Disord.2014 Jan 4. [Epub ahead of print]
Abstract Background: Insulin resistance has been recognized as the most significant predictor of further development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Here we investigated the effect of a heat shock protein (HSP) co-inducer, BGP-15, on insulin sensitivity in different insulin-resistant animal mode
PMID 24386957

Japanese Journal

防風通聖散がラットのインスリン感受性に及ぼす影響

小林亮平,宇野智子,佐藤祐造
心身科学部紀要 (9), 1-9, 2013-12
NAID 40019878968

Effects of Olmesartan, an Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker, on Peripheral Insulin Sensitivity in Japanese Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes and Hypertension

Shimoda Seiya,Goto Rieko,Furukawa Noboru,Tsuruzoe Kaku,Kawashima Junji,Iwashita Shinsuke,Maeda Takako,Ichimori Shinji,Ichinose Kenshi,Nishida Kenro,Araki Eiichi
Internal Medicine 51(16), 2091-2096, 2012
… Objective Several studies have assessed the efficacy of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) on peripheral insulin sensitivity using the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp technique in hypertensive subjects. …
NAID 130002062293

Lack of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Prevents Lipid-Induced Skeletal Muscle Insulin Resistance Without Attenuating Cytokine Level

Cha Hye-Na,Song Seung Eun,Kim Yong-Woon [他],KIM Jong-Yeon,WON Kyu-Chang,PARK So-Young
Journal of pharmacological sciences 117(2), 77-86, 2011-10-20
… We examined whether deletion of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) could prevent lipid infusion-induced insulin resistance in iNOS-knockout and wild-type mice with the in vivo euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp technique. …
NAID 10029896073