初期タンパク質

WordNet

very young; "at an early age"
before the usual time or the time expected; "she graduated early"; "the house was completed ahead of time" (同)ahead of time, too soon
in good time; "he awoke betimes that morning" (同)betimes
belonging to the distant past; "the early inhabitants of Europe"; "former generations"; "in other times" (同)former, other
at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time; "early morning"; "an early warning"; "early diagnosis"; "an early death"; "took early retirement"; "an early spring"; "early varieties of peas and tomatoes mature before most standard varieties"
being or occurring at an early stage of development; "in an early stage"; "early forms of life"; "early man"; "an early computer"
expected in the near future; "look for an early end to the negotiations"
of an early stage in the development of a language or literature; "the Early Hebrew alphabetical script is that used mainly from the 11th to the 6th centuries B.C."; "Early Modern English is represented in documents printed from 1476 to 1700"
fruiting spike of a cereal plant especially corn (同)spike, capitulum
attention to what is said; "he tried to get her ear"
good hearing; "he had a keen ear"; "a good ear for pitch"
the sense organ for hearing and equilibrium
any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells; consist of polymers of amino acids; essential in the diet of animals for growth and for repair of tissues; can be obtained from meat and eggs and milk and legumes; "a diet high in protein"
a British peer ranking below a marquess and above a viscount

PrepTutorEJDIC

(時間・時期が)『早い』,『初期の』 / 昔の / (普通より,予定より)早い / 近い将来の / (時間・時期的に)『早く』 / (予定・ふだんより)早く
〈C〉『耳』 / 《単数形で》『聴覚』,聴力,音感 / 《単数形で》じっと聞くこと,傾聴 / 〈C〉耳の形をした物
(麦・とうもろこしなどの)穂
蛋白(たんばく)質
(英国の)伯爵

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/07/29 13:42:51」(JST)

wiki en

The classification of viral proteins as early proteins or late proteins depends on their relationship with genome replication. While many viruses (such as HIV)^[1] are described as expressing early and late proteins, this definition of these terms is commonly reserved for class I DNA viruses. (HIV has two stages of protein expression but these are not as a result of two stages of transcription surrounding replication but by the production of the Rev protein which is required for the export of the transcripts of the second set of proteins transcribed form the nucleus.)

Early proteins are those produced following entry into the host cell but prior to replication.^[1] The expression of these genes, commonly encoding non-structural proteins, initiates replication of the genome and expression of late genes.

In some, simpler viruses, this pattern of expression is clearly defined, while in those with more complex genomes, such as the herpesviruses, these expression periods overlap.

Example

An example of early gene expression is the expression of the small, middle and large T antigen encoded by the polyomavirus. The middle T antigen isn't required for replication and it acts to enhance transcription by binding host proteins which interact with the late promotor. On the other hand the large T antigen is required and it acts to initiate replication directly. It binds the viral origin of replication and recruits DNA polymerase and s/s DNA binding protein such that once its concentration is great enough it blocks the transcription of early genes and initiates genome replication. It also acts to cause the entry of the host cell into S phase.

References

^ "DNA Virus Replication".

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1. アルツハイマー病の遺伝学 genetics of alzheimer disease
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English Journal

[Prognostic significance of Pgp, MRP1, and MRP3 in ovarian cancer patients].

Sedláková I, Laco J, Tošner J, Špaček J.
Ceská gynekologie / Ceská lékarská spolecnost J. Ev. Purkyne.Ceska Gynekol.2016 Dec;80(6):405-13.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the correlation of resistance proteins Pgp (P-glycoprotein), MRP1 (Multidrug Related Protein, Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein) and MRP3 with clinical - pathological factors and to find the clinical outcome of these data in ovarian cancer patients.DESIGN: Prospective st
PMID 26741154

Biomarkers of early chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in smokers and former smokers. Protocol of a longitudinal study.

Truedsson M1, Malm J2,3, Barbara Sahlin K4,5, Bugge M6, Wieslander E7, Dahlbäck M8,9, Appelqvist R10,11, Fehniger TE12,13, Marko-Varga G14,15,16.
Clinical and translational medicine.Clin Transl Med.2016 Dec;5(1):9. doi: 10.1186/s40169-016-0086-5. Epub 2016 Mar 7.
BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an irreversible disease, diagnosed predominantly in smokers. COPD is currently the third leading cause of death worldwide. Far more than 15 % of smokers get COPD: in fact, most develop some amount of pulmonary impairment. Smoking-related C
PMID 26951192

Cost of surviving sepsis: a novel model of recovery from sepsis in Drosophila melanogaster.

Kaynar AM1, Bakalov V2, Laverde SM3, Cambriel AI4, Lee BH5, Towheed A6,7, Gregory AD3, Webb SA8, Palladino MJ6, Bozza FA9, Shapiro SD3, Angus DC2.
Intensive care medicine experimental.Intensive Care Med Exp.2016 Dec;4(1):4. doi: 10.1186/s40635-016-0075-4. Epub 2016 Jan 21.
BACKGROUND: Multiple organ failure, wasting, increased morbidity, and mortality following acute illness complicates the health span of patients surviving sepsis. Persistent inflammation has been implicated, and it is proposed that insulin signaling contributes to persistent inflammatory signaling du
PMID 26791145

Japanese Journal

Multicolor Flow Cytometric Analyses of CD4+ T Cell Responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Related Latent Antigens

Yamashita Yoshiro,Hoshino Yoshihiko,Oka Mayuko,Matsumoto Sokichi,Ariga Haruyuki,Nagai Hideaki,Makino Masahiko,Ariyoshi Koya,Tsunetsugu-Yokota Yasuko
Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases 66(3), 207-215, 2013-05-23
… Although IFN-γ release assays (IγRAs) provide increased specificity over tuberculin skin tests, the early and sensitive detection of reactivation of latently infected Mycobacterium tuberculosis is required to control tuberculosis (TB). … Recently, a multicolor flow cytometry has been developed to study CD4+ T cell cytokine responses (IFN-γ/IL-2/TNF-a) to purified protein derivatives (PPD) and M. …
NAID 120005301878

Early gene and protein expression associated with osteoblast differentiation in response to fish collagen peptides powder

Yamada Shizuka,Yoshizawa Yuu,Kawakubo Atsushi,Ikeda Takeshi,Yanagiguchi Kajiro,Hayashi Yoshihiko
Dental Materials Journal 32(2), 233-240, 2013-03-29
This study was designed to investigate the biological effects of fish collagen peptide (FCP) on human osteoblasts. Human osteoblasts were treated with 0.1% FCP, which was the optimal concentration con …
NAID 120005231347

〈Original Papers〉哺乳動物初期胚におけるタンパク質分解機構の機能解明に向けた研究の現状と今後の展望

樋口智香,清水なつみ,天野朋子,松本和也
Memoirs of the Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology of Kinki University 31, 59-65, 2013-03-00
… Especially, autophagy and ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) are known to play a role in protein degradation. … Thus, protein degradation mechanisms are important for early embryo development. … This article reviews an overview of functions of autophagy and UPS in early embryos. …
NAID 120005260079