WordNet

very young; "at an early age"
before the usual time or the time expected; "she graduated early"; "the house was completed ahead of time" (同)ahead of time, too soon
in good time; "he awoke betimes that morning" (同)betimes
belonging to the distant past; "the early inhabitants of Europe"; "former generations"; "in other times" (同)former, other
at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time; "early morning"; "an early warning"; "early diagnosis"; "an early death"; "took early retirement"; "an early spring"; "early varieties of peas and tomatoes mature before most standard varieties"
being or occurring at an early stage of development; "in an early stage"; "early forms of life"; "early man"; "an early computer"
expected in the near future; "look for an early end to the negotiations"
of an early stage in the development of a language or literature; "the Early Hebrew alphabetical script is that used mainly from the 11th to the 6th centuries B.C."; "Early Modern English is represented in documents printed from 1476 to 1700"
fruiting spike of a cereal plant especially corn (同)spike, capitulum
attention to what is said; "he tried to get her ear"
good hearing; "he had a keen ear"; "a good ear for pitch"
the sense organ for hearing and equilibrium
type genus of the family Cancridae (同)genus Cancer
the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 (同)Cancer the Crab, Crab
(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer (同)Crab
a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream (同)malignant neoplastic disease
relating to or involving the stomach; "gastric ulcer" (同)stomachic, stomachal

PrepTutorEJDIC

(時間・時期が)『早い』,『初期の』 / 昔の / (普通より,予定より)早い / 近い将来の / (時間・時期的に)『早く』 / (予定・ふだんより)早く
〈C〉『耳』 / 《単数形で》『聴覚』,聴力,音感 / 《単数形で》じっと聞くこと,傾聴 / 〈C〉耳の形をした物
(麦・とうもろこしなどの)穂
〈U〉〈C〉『がん』 / 〈U〉〈C〉害悪 / 《Cancer》(星座の)カニ座
胃の,胃に発生する

UpToDate Contents

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1. 早期胃癌：治療、自然経過、および予後 early gastric cancer treatment natural history and prognosis
2. 早期胃癌：疫学、臨床症状、診断、および病期分類 early gastric cancer epidemiology clinical manifestations diagnosis and staging
3. 胃癌の臨床的特徴、診断、および病期分類 clinical features diagnosis and staging of gastric cancer
4. 消化管腫瘍の内視鏡的切除術の概要 overview of endoscopic resection of gastrointestinal tumors
5. 色素内視鏡検査 chromoendoscopy

English Journal

Gastric cancer progression may involve a shift in HLA-E profile from an intact heterodimer to β2-microglobulin-free monomer.

Sasaki T1, Ravindranath MH, Terasaki PI, Freitas MC, Kawakita S, Jucaud V.Author information 1Terasaki Foundation Laboratory, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.AbstractPhenotypic expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-E on the surface of tumor lesions includes intact heterodimer [HLA-E heavy chain and β2-microglobulin (β2m)] and β2m-free monomer. Anti-HLA-E monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), MEM-E/02 or 3D12 bind to the peptide sequences in β2m-free HLA-E, which is common and shared with HLA-Ia monomers. A newly developed monospecific anti-HLA-E mAb (TFL-033) recognizes HLA-E-restricted peptide sequences on α1 and α2 helices away from β2-m-site. Tumor progression may involve shedding of β2-m from HLA-E or overexpression of β2m-free monomers. There is a need to identify and distinguish the different phenotypic expression of HLA-E, particularly the intact heterodimer from the β2m-free monomer on the surface of tumor lesions. Because of the unique peptide-binding affinities of the mAbs, it is hypothesized that TFL-033 and MEM-E/02 may distinguish the phenotypic expressions of cell surface HLA-E during stages of tumor progression. Only TFL-033 stained diffusely the cytoplasm of normal mucosa. The incidence and intensity of TFL-033 staining of the cell surface in early stages, poorly or undifferentiated and non-nodal lesions and in diffuse carcinoma is greater than that of MEM-E/02. Whereas MEM-E/02 stained terminal stages, adenocarcinoma and lymph node metastatic lesions intensely, either owing to increased expression of β2m-free HLA-E with tumor progression or owing to expression of HLA-Ia molecules. Our study evaluates the relative diagnostic potential of HLA-E-monospecific TFL-033 and the HLA-Ia-reactive MEM-E/02 for determining the specific distribution and immunodiagnosis of different phenotypic expression HLA-E in tumor lesions, and the structural and functional alterations undergone by HLA-E during tumor progression.
International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer.Int J Cancer.2014 Apr 1;134(7):1558-70. doi: 10.1002/ijc.28484. Epub 2013 Dec 11.
Phenotypic expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-E on the surface of tumor lesions includes intact heterodimer [HLA-E heavy chain and β2-microglobulin (β2m)] and β2m-free monomer. Anti-HLA-E monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), MEM-E/02 or 3D12 bind to the peptide sequences in β2m-free HLA-E, whi
PMID 24105714

A nonsense mutation in the Xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group F (XPF) gene is associated with gastric carcinogenesis.

Wei ZH1, Guo WH1, Wu J1, Suo WH1, Fu GH2.Author information 1Pathology Center, Shanghai First People's Hospital / Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, PR China.2Pathology Center, Shanghai First People's Hospital / Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, PR China. Electronic address: fuguhu@263.net.AbstractXPF/ERCC1 endonuclease is required for DNA lesion repair. To assess effects of a C2169A nonsense mutation in XPF at position 2169 in gastric cancer tissues and cell lines, genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples of 488 cancer patients and 64 gastric tumors. The mutation was mapped using a TaqMan MGB probe. In addition, gastric cancer cell lines were transfected with mutated XPF to explore XPF/ERCC1 interaction, XPF degradation, and DNA repair by a comet assay. The C2169A mutation was not detected in 488 samples of blood genomic DNA, yet was found in 32 of 64 gastric cancer tissue samples (50.0%), resulting in a 194C-terminal amino acid loss in XPF protein and lower expression. Laser micro-dissection confirmed that this point mutation was not present in surrounding normal tissues from the same patients. The truncated form of XPF (tXPF) impaired interaction with ERCC1, was rapidly degraded via ubiquitination, and resulted in reduced DNA repair. In gastric cancers, the mutation was monoallelic, indicating that XPF is a haplo-insufficient DNA repair gene. As the C2169A mutation is closely associated with gastric carcinogenesis in the Chinese population, our findings shine light on it as a therapeutic target for early diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer.
Gene.Gene.2014 Mar 10;537(2):238-44. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.12.061. Epub 2014 Jan 8.
XPF/ERCC1 endonuclease is required for DNA lesion repair. To assess effects of a C2169A nonsense mutation in XPF at position 2169 in gastric cancer tissues and cell lines, genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples of 488 cancer patients and 64 gastric tumors. The mutation was mapped using a TaqMa
PMID 24412486

Japanese Journal

High rate of 5-year survival among patients with early gastric cancer undergoing curative endoscopic submucosal dissection

Gastric
NAID 40020700119

Biological behavior of the intramucosal Helicobacter pylori-negative undifferentiated-type early gastric cancer : comparison with Helicobacter pylori-positive early gastric cancer