関: thoracic duct

WordNet

a continuous tube formed by a row of elongated cells lacking intervening end walls
an enclosed conduit for a fluid
a bodily passage or tube lined with epithelial cells and conveying a secretion or other substance; "the tear duct was obstructed"; "the alimentary canal"; "poison is released through a channel in the snakes fangs" (同)epithelial duct, canal, channel

PrepTutorEJDIC

送水管;(建物・船などの)通気管;(地下ケーブルなどの)ダクト / (体液を運ぶ)導管,(植物が水・空気を運ぶ)導管
胸の,胸部の

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/11/01 14:28:54」(JST)

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In human anatomy, the thoracic duct is the largest lymphatic vessel of the lymphatic system. It is also known as the left lymphatic duct, alimentary duct, chyliferous duct, and Van Hoorne's canal.

In adults, the thoracic duct is typically 38-45cm in length and an average diameter of about 5mm. The vessel usually starts from the level of the second lumbar vertebra and extends to the root of the neck. It drains into the systemic (blood) circulation at the left subclavian vein. It also collects most of the lymph in the body other than from the right thorax, arm, head and neck which are drained by the right lymphatic duct.^[1]

Location

The lymph duct originates in the abdomen from the confluence of the right and left lumbar trunks and the intestinal trunk, forming a significant pathway upward called the cisterna chyli. It traverses the diaphragm at the aortic aperture and ascends the superior and posterior mediastinum between the descending thoracic aorta (to its left) and the azygos vein (to its right). The duct extends vertically in the chest and curves posteriorly to the left carotid artery and left internal jugular vein at the T5 vertebral level to empty into the junction of the left subclavian vein and left jugular vein, below the clavicle, near the shoulders.

Function

The lymph transport, in the thoracic duct, is mainly caused by the action of breathing, aided by the duct's smooth muscle and by internal valves which prevent the lymph from flowing back down again. There are also two valves at the junction of the duct with the left subclavian vein, to prevent the flow of venous blood into the duct. In adults, the thoracic duct transports up to 4 L of lymph per day.

Pathology

The first sign of a malignancy, especially an intraabdominal one, may be an enlarged Virchow's node, a lymph node in the left supraclavicular area, in the vicinity where the thoracic duct empties into the left brachiocephalic vein, right between where the left subclavian vein and left internal jugular connect. When the thoracic duct is blocked or damaged a large amount of lymph can quickly accumulate in the pleural cavity, this situation is called chylothorax.

Additional images

Transverse section of thorax, showing relations of pulmonary artery.
The arch of the aorta, and its branches.
Deep lymph nodes and vessels of the thorax and abdomen (diagrammatic).
The position and relation of the esophagus in the cervical region and in the posterior mediastinum. Seen from behind.
Front photo of the Ductus Thoracicus in the Human mediastinum with the heart and part of the pericard removed.

References

^ Michael Schuenke; Erik Schulte; Udo Schumacher; Lawrence M. Ross, Edward D. Lamperti, Markus Voll, Karl Wesker (24 May 2006). Thieme atlas of anatomy: Neck and internal organs. Thieme. pp. 136–. ISBN 978-3-13-142111-1. Retrieved 1 June 2010. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)

External links

thorax/lymph^{[ dead link ]} at the Memorial University of Newfoundland
Anatomy figure: 21:05-02 at Human Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "The thoracic duct and azygos venous network."
Anatomy image:8901 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center
figures/chapter_24/24-5.HTM - Basic Human Anatomy at Dartmouth Medical School
"thoracic duct" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary

Diagram at anatomyatlases.org
Ultrasound Imaging the thoracic duct
Instruction video for Ultrasound examination of the thoracic duct

UpToDate Contents

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1. 動脈管開存症のマネージメント management of patent ductus arteriosus
2. 動脈管開存症の臨床症状および診断 clinical manifestations and diagnosis of patent ductus arteriosus
3. 早産児における動脈管開存症の病態生理、臨床症状、および診断 pathophysiology clinical manifestations and diagnosis of patent ductus arteriosus in premature infants
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English Journal

Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 as a marker for malignant vascular tumors and mesothelioma: an immunohistochemical study of 262 vascular endothelial and 1640 nonvascular tumors.

Miettinen M, Rikala MS, Rys J, Lasota J, Wang ZF.Source*Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD †Department of Pathology, HUSLAB, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland ‡Department of Tumor Pathology, Centre of Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Institute, Krakow Branch, Poland.
The American journal of surgical pathology.Am J Surg Pathol.2012 Apr;36(4):629-39.
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) is a primary responder to vascular endothelial growth factor signal and thereby regulates endothelial migration and proliferation. This receptor is expressed in endothelial cells and in some vascular tumors, but many reports also detail its expr
PMID 22314185

Localization of Lymphatic Leakage Site in Chylothorax by Thoracic Duct Scintigraphy by Orally Administered 123I BMIPP Using SPECT/CT.

Takanami K, Ichikawa H, Takahashi S.SourceFrom the Departments of *Radiology and †Advanced Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
Clinical nuclear medicine.Clin Nucl Med.2012 Apr;37(4):403-5.
A 58-year-old man with chylothorax after graft replacement of the aortic arch underwent thoracic duct scintigraphy by orally administered I-labeled 15-(4-iodophenyl)-3(R,S)-methylpentadecanoic acid with single-photon emission computed tomography combined with computed tomography (SPECT/CT). SPECT/CT
PMID 22391719

Japanese Journal

口腔癌の頸部リンパ節転移に対する診断と外科的療法

山下佐英,ヤマシタスケヒデ,Yamashita Sukehide
鹿児島大学歯学部紀要 17, 15-26, 1997-03-25
It is difficult to clinically judge the excistence of metastasis to lymph nodes by palpation. And it is dangerous, too, to judge at once that the clinical metastasis to lymph nodes is the histopatholo …
NAID 110004993637

静脈壁と胸管壁の弁膜の形成機構についての理論的研究

諏訪喜一
岡山医学会雑誌 88(7・8), p493-496, 1976-08
… The height, the size and the interval space of the valves of the vena saphena magna and the ductus thoracicus of adult dogs were measured. …
NAID 120002353665

泌尿器科領域に於けるリンパ系造影法の研究-2-

百瀬剛一 [他],朝倉茂夫,平岡真
泌尿器科紀要 10(11), 792-803, 1964-11
… DR-47 demonstrates the Ductus thoracicus and the left subclavian lymphnode, while contrast medias fail to reveal them. …
NAID 120002117461

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「胸管」
関連記事	「thoracic」「duct」「ductus」

「胸管」

Lymph: Thoracic duct
	The thoracic and right lymphatic ducts. (Thoracic duct is thin vertical white line at center.)
	Modes of origin of thoracic duct. a. Thoracic duct. a’. Cisterna chyli. b, c’ Efferent trunks from lateral aortic glands. d. An efferent vessel which pierces the left crus of the diaphragm. e. f. Lateral aortic glands. h. Retroaortic glands. i. Intestinal trunk. j. Descending branch from intercostal lymphatics.
Latin	ductus thoracicus
Gray's	p.690
Source	cisterna chyli
Drains to	junction of the left subclavian vein and left internal jugular vein
MeSH	Thoracic+Duct
Dorlands/Elsevier	Thoracic duct