WordNet

the quality of being specific rather than general; "add a desirable note of specificity to the discussion"; "the specificity of the symptoms of the disease"
the quality of being specific to a particular organism; "host specificity of a parasite"
a grammatical number category referring to two items or units as opposed to one item (singular) or more than two items (plural); "ancient Greek had the dual form but it has merged with the plural form in modern Greek"
any of a group of enzymes that act as a catalyst in the hydrolysis of organic phosphates

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MYC/MAX control ERK signaling and pluripotency by regulation of dual-specificity phosphatases 2 and 7.

Chappell J, Sun Y, Singh A, Dalton S.SourceDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Paul D. Coverdell Center for Biomedical and Health Sciences, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
Genes & development.Genes Dev.2013 Apr 1;27(7):725-33. doi: 10.1101/gad.211300.112.
Suppression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling is an absolute requirement for the maintenance of murine pluripotent stem cells (mPSCs) and requires the MYC-binding partner MAX. In this study, we define a mechanism for this by showing that MYC/MAX complexes suppress ERK activity
PMID 23592794

Agonist stimulation, talin-1, and kindlin-3 are crucial for α(IIb)β(3) activation in a human megakaryoblastic cell line, CMK.

Nakazawa T, Tadokoro S, Kamae T, Kiyomizu K, Kashiwagi H, Honda S, Kanakura Y, Tomiyama Y.SourceDepartment of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
Experimental hematology.Exp Hematol.2013 Jan;41(1):79-90.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.exphem.2012.09.011. Epub 2012 Sep 26.
Platelet integrin α(IIb)β(3) activation is regulated by inside-out signaling via agonist stimulation. However, when α(IIb)β(3) was exogenously expressed in cell lines such as Chinese hamster ovarian cells, physiological agonists hardly induced α(IIb)β(3) activation. To overcome this disadvanta
PMID 23022222

Dual-specificity phosphatases 2: surprising positive effect at the molecular level and a potential biomarker of diseases.

Wei W, Jiao Y, Postlethwaite A, Stuart JM, Wang Y, Sun D, Gu W.SourceInstitute of Endemic Fluorosis Disease, Center for Endemic Disease Control, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PRC.
Genes and immunity.Genes Immun.2013 Jan;14(1):1-6. doi: 10.1038/gene.2012.54. Epub 2012 Nov 29.
Dual-specificity phosphatases (DUSPs) is an emerging subclass of the protein tyrosine phosphatase gene superfamily, a heterogeneous group of protein phosphatases that can dephosphorylate both phosphotyrosine and phosphoserine/phosphothreonine residues within the one substrate. Recently, a series of
PMID 23190643