WordNet

the quality of being specific rather than general; "add a desirable note of specificity to the discussion"; "the specificity of the symptoms of the disease"
the quality of being specific to a particular organism; "host specificity of a parasite"
a grammatical number category referring to two items or units as opposed to one item (singular) or more than two items (plural); "ancient Greek had the dual form but it has merged with the plural form in modern Greek"
any of a group of enzymes that act as a catalyst in the hydrolysis of organic phosphates

PrepTutorEJDIC

特性を持っていること;特質,特性
二つの部分(2個)から成る / 二重の性質がある

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/05/23 23:20:01」(JST)

wiki en

Dual-specificity phosphatase is a form of phosphatase that can act upon tyrosine or serine/threonine residues.^[1]

There are several families of Dual-Specificity Phosphatase (DUSP) enzymes in mammals. All share a similar catalytic mechanism, by which a conserved cysteine residue forms a covalent intermediate with the phosphate group to be eliminated. The residues surrounding their calatytic core obey a rather strict consensus: His-Cys-x-x-x-x-x-Arg-Ser. The serine side chain and an additional conserved aspartate play a central role in the elimination of the Cys-linked intermediate, thus completing their enzymatic cycle.^[2] The main difference between tyrosine-specific phosphatases and dual-specificity phosphatases lies in the width of the latter enzymes' catalytic pocket: thus they can accommodate phosphorylated serine or threonine side chains as well as phosphorylated tyrosines.^[3]

Classification

The human genome encodes at least 61 different DUSP proteins. The following major groups or families of DUSPs were identified:^[3]

Slingshot phosphatases:

There are three members of this family (SSH1L, SSH2L and SSH3L) with broad specificity. They contain SH3-binding motifs as well as F-actin binding motifs, thus they are generally believed to play a role in the regulation of cytoskeletal rearrangements. In accordance with their proposed rule, proteins like ADF, cofilin and LIMK1 are slingshot substrates.

Phosphatases of Regenerating Liver (PRLs):

Three PRL genes were described in mammals (PRL-1, PRL-2 and PRL-3). They share a high sequence identity and possess an N-terminal prenylation sequence (CAAX box). Despite their up-regulation in colorectal cancer, the role and substrate specificity of PRLs is poorly known.

Cdc14 phosphatases:

The four mammalian Cdc14 proteins (named KAP, Cdc14A, Cdc14B and PTP9Q22) play a crucial role in cell cycle regulation by dephosphorylating cyclin-dependent kinases, most importantly CDK2.

PTEN and myotubularin phosphatases

There are five PTEN-like phosphatases encoded in the human genome. Though structurally related to other DUSPs, these are not strictly phosphorotein-phosphatases, since their most important substrates are phosphorylated inositol lipids. Myotubularins similarly display a preference towards certain phosphatidyl inositols.

Mitogen-activated protein Kinase Phosphatases (MKPs)

MKPs form a rather large family, with some 11 well-characterized members. They are responsible for the dephosphorylation of active mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). In accordance with this role, several (but not all) MKPs contain an additional, N-terminal domain. Although structurally similar to Cdc14, this extra domain is inactive, and plays a role in substrate recruitment. The surface of this substrate-binding domain mimics the D-motifs found in intrinsically disordered substrates of MAPKs.

In addition, there are several dual-specificity phosphatases lacking close relatives. Most of these atypical DUSPs are poorly characterized. Some of them are probably inactive, and only mediate protein-protein interactions.

References

^ Dual-Specificity Phosphatases at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
^ Denu JM, Dixon JE (June 1995). "A catalytic mechanism for the dual-specific phosphatases". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92 (13): 5910–4. doi:10.1073/pnas.92.13.5910. PMC 41611. PMID 7597052.
^ ^a ^b Patterson KI, Brummer T, O'Brien PM, Daly RJ (March 2009). "Dual-specificity phosphatases: critical regulators with diverse cellular targets". Biochem. J. 418 (3): 475–89. PMID 19228121.

This biochemistry article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 膵外分泌癌の分子学的病因 molecular pathogenesis of exocrine pancreatic cancer
2. 診断的検査の評価 evaluating diagnostic tests
3. 免疫グロブリンの機能および臨床応用 function and clinical applications of immunoglobulins
4. 生物統計学および疫学に関する一般用語集 glossary of common biostatistical and epidemiological terms
5. 予防のためのエビデンスに基づいたアプローチ evidence based approach to prevention

English Journal

Dual-recognition detection of Staphylococcus aureus using vancomycin-functionalized magnetic beads as concentration carriers.

Yang S1, Ouyang H1, Su X1, Gao H1, Kong W1, Wang M1, Shu Q1, Fu Z2.
Biosensors & bioelectronics.Biosens Bioelectron.2016 Apr 15;78:174-80. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.11.041. Epub 2015 Nov 14.
Vancomycin, which has a strong antibacterial effect to Gram-positive bacteria, was adopted as one molecular recognition agent for bacterial detection. Magnetic beads (MBs) were functionalized with this antibiotic to effectively concentrate Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). In addition, alkaline pho
PMID 26606309

Comparative effects of nodularin and microcystin-LR in zebrafish: 2. Uptake and molecular effects in eleuthero-embryos and adult liver with focus on endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Faltermann S1, Grundler V2, Gademann K2, Pernthaler J3, Fent K4.
Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands).Aquat Toxicol.2016 Feb;171:77-87. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.12.001. Epub 2015 Dec 8.
Microcystin (MC) and nodularin are structurally similar cyanobacterial toxins that inhibit protein phosphatases. Additional modes of action are poorly known, in particular for nodularin. In our associated work, we showed that active cellular uptake is mediated by the organic anion transporting polyp
PMID 26748408

Human cytomegalovirus encoded cmvIL-10 amplifies its immunomodulatory potential by upregulating human IL-10 in monocytes.

Avdic S1, McSharry BP1, Steain M1, Poole E2, Sinclair J2, Abendroth A1, Slobedman B3.
Journal of virology.J Virol.2016 Jan 20. pii: JVI.03066-15. [Epub ahead of print]
The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) gene UL111A encodes cmvIL-10, a homolog of the potent immunomodulatory cytokine, human interleukin 10 (hIL-10). This viral homolog exhibits a range of immunomodulatory functions, including suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokine production and dendritic cell (DC) ma
PMID 26792743

Japanese Journal

Specialized Motor-Driven dusp1 Expression in the Song Systems of Multiple Lineages of Vocal Learning Birds

Horita Haruhito,Kobayashi Masahiko,Liu Wan-chun,Oka Kotaro,Jarvis Erich D.,Wada Kazuhiro
PLoS One 7(8), e42173, 2012-08-02
… We previously found that the neural activity-induced gene dual specificity phosphatase 1 (dusp1) was up-regulated in non-vocal circuits, specifically in sensory-input neurons of the thalamus and telencephalon; …
NAID 120004689044

天然物や生体分子を基盤とした新規生理活性物質の創製

平井剛
薬学雑誌. 乙号 132(1), 117-124, 2012
… As inhibitors for the dual-specificity protein phosphatase VHR, the neutral phosphate-mimicking core structure was designed based on natural product RK-682. …
NAID 130001871951

The dusp1 immediate early gene is regulated by natural stimuli predominantly in sensory input neurons

Horita Haruhito,Wada Kazuhiro,Rivas Miriam V.,Hara Erina,Jarvis Erich D.
The Journal of Comparative Neurology 518(14), 2873-2901, 2010-07-15
… Here, we report the first such gene, dual specificity phosphatase 1 (dusp1). …
NAID 120002317143