WordNet

the 1st letter of the Roman alphabet (同)a
the blood group whose red cells carry the A antigen (同)type_A, group A
a small molecule (not a protein but sometimes a vitamin) essential for the activity of some enzymes

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Transcriptome-enabled discovery and functional characterization of enzymes related to (2S)-pinocembrin biosynthesis from Ornithogalum caudatum and their application for metabolic engineering.

Guo L1, Chen X2,3, Li LN4, Tang W5, Pan YT6, Kong JQ7.
Microbial cell factories.Microb Cell Fact.2016 Feb 4;15(1):27. doi: 10.1186/s12934-016-0424-8.
BACKGROUND: (2S)-Pinocembrin is a chiral flavanone with versatile pharmacological and biological activities. Its health-promoting effects have spurred on research effects on the microbial production of (2S)-pinocembrin. However, an often-overlooked salient feature in the analysis of microbial (2S)-p
PMID 26846670

Abolition of mitochondrial substrate-level phosphorylation by itaconic acid produced by LPS-induced Irg1 expression in cells of murine macrophage lineage.

Németh B1, Doczi J1, Csete D1, Kacso G1, Ravasz D1, Adams D1, Kiss G1, Nagy AM1, Horvath G1, Tretter L1, Mócsai A1, Csépányi-Kömi R1, Iordanov I1, Adam-Vizi V1, Chinopoulos C2.
FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.FASEB J.2016 Jan;30(1):286-300. doi: 10.1096/fj.15-279398. Epub 2015 Sep 10.
Itaconate is a nonamino organic acid exhibiting antimicrobial effects. It has been recently identified in cells of macrophage lineage as a product of an enzyme encoded by immunoresponsive gene 1 (Irg1), acting on the citric acid cycle intermediate cis-aconitate. In mitochondria, itaconate can be con
PMID 26358042

Füllekrug J1, Poppelreuther M2.
Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.).Methods Mol Biol.2016;1376:43-53. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3170-5_5.
Long-chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetases (ACS) are a family of essential enzymes of lipid metabolism, activating fatty acids by thioesterification with coenzyme A. Fatty acyl-CoA molecules are then readily utilized for the biosynthesis of storage and membrane lipids, or for the generation of energy by
PMID 26552674