n.

(ATPやNADを必要とする2分子連結酵素リガーゼの別名)シンテターゼ、シンセターゼ、連結酵素、合成酵素

関: ligase、synthase

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2018/01/11 03:40:30」(JST)

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In biochemistry, a ligase is an enzyme that can catalyze the joining of two large molecules by forming a new chemical bond, usually with accompanying hydrolysis of a small pendant chemical group on one of the larger molecules or the enzyme catalyzing the linking together of two compounds, e.g., enzymes that catalyze joining of C-O, C-S, C-N, etc. In general, a ligase catalyzes the following reaction:

Ab + C → A–C + b

or sometimes

Ab + cD → A–D + b + c + d + e + f

where the lowercase letters signify the small, dependent groups. Ligase can join two complementary fragments of nucleic acid and repair single stranded breaks that arise in double stranded DNA during replication.

Nomenclature

The common names of ligases often include the word "ligase", such as DNA ligase, an enzyme commonly used in molecular biology laboratories to join together DNA fragments. Other common names for ligases include the word "synthetase", because they are used to synthesize new molecules.

Biochemical nomenclature has sometimes distinguished synthetases from synthases and sometimes treated the words as synonymous. Under one definition, synthases do not use energy from nucleoside triphosphates (such as ATP, GTP, CTP, TTP, and UTP), whereas synthetases do use nucleoside triphosphates. It is also said that a synthase is a lyase (a lyase is an enzyme that catalyzes the breaking of various chemical bonds by means other than hydrolysis and oxidation, often forming a new double bond or a new ring structure) and does not require any energy, whereas a synthetase is a ligase (a ligase is an enzyme that binds two chemicals or compounds) and thus requires energy. However, the Joint Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature (JCBN) dictates that "synthase" can be used with any enzyme that catalyses synthesis (whether or not it uses nucleoside triphosphates), whereas "synthetase" is to be used synonymously.^[1]

Classification

Ligases are classified as EC 6 in the EC number classification of enzymes. Ligases can be further classified into six subclasses:

EC 6.1 includes ligases used to form carbon-oxygen bonds
EC 6.2 includes ligases used to form carbon-sulfur bonds
EC 6.3 includes ligases used to form carbon-nitrogen bonds (including argininosuccinate synthetase)
EC 6.4 includes ligases used to form carbon-carbon bonds
EC 6.5 includes ligases used to form phosphoric ester bonds
EC 6.6 includes ligases used to form nitrogen-metal bonds, as in the chelatases

Etymology and pronunciation

The word ligase uses combining forms of lig- (from the Latin verb ligāre, "to bind" or "to tie together") + -ase (denoting an enzyme), yielding "binding enzyme".

References

^ "Synthases and ligases". chem.qmul.ac.uk. Retrieved July 28, 2013.

EC 6 Introduction from the Department of Chemistry at Queen Mary, University of London

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English Journal

Smurf2 regulates the degradation of YY1.

Jeong HM1, Lee SH1, Yum J2, Yeo CY2, Lee KY3.
Biochimica et biophysica acta.Biochim Biophys Acta.2014 Sep;1843(9):2005-11. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.04.023. Epub 2014 May 4.
Transcription factor YY1 plays important roles in cell proliferation and differentiation. For example, YY1 represses the expression of muscle-specific genes and the degradation of YY1 is required for myocyte differentiation. The activity of YY1 can be regulated by various post-translational modifica
PMID 24803334

Bis-chlorination of a hexapeptide-PCP conjugate by the halogenase involved in vancomycin biosynthesis.

Schmartz PC1, Zerbe K, Abou-Hadeed K, Robinson JA.
Organic & biomolecular chemistry.Org Biomol Chem.2014 Aug 14;12(30):5574-7. doi: 10.1039/c4ob00474d. Epub 2014 Apr 23.
Vancomycin is an important nosocomial antibiotic containing a glycosylated, cross-linked and doubly chlorinated heptapeptide backbone. During the biosynthesis of the vancomycin aglycone, two β-hydroxytyrosine (Bht) residues are inserted at positions-2 and -6 into the heptapeptide backbone by a non-
PMID 24756572

Identification and catalytic characterization of a nonribosomal peptide synthetase-like (NRPS-like) enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of echosides from Streptomyces sp. LZ35.

Zhu J1, Chen W2, Li YY2, Deng JJ2, Zhu DY1, Duan J1, Liu Y1, Shi GY1, Xie C1, Wang HX3, Shen YM4.
Gene.Gene.2014 Aug 10;546(2):352-8. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.05.053. Epub 2014 May 24.
Echosides, isolated from Streptomyces sp. LZ35, represent a class of para-terphenyl natural products that display DNA topoisomerase I and IIα inhibitory activities. By analyzing the genome draft of strain LZ35, the ech gene cluster was identified to be responsible for the biosynthesis of echosides,
PMID 24865933

Japanese Journal

Nrf2-ARE経路活性化を介したドパミン神経保護作用の機序解析及びその活性化物質の探索

泉安彦
YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (藥學雜誌) 133(9), 983-988, 2013-09-00
… In addition, lactacystin enhanced glutathione synthesis via elevation of γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-GCS) mRNA levels. …
NAID 120005323877

Biosynthetic assembly of cytochalasin backbone

Fujii Ryuya,Minami Atsushi,Gomi Katsuya,Oikawa Hideaki
Tetrahedron Letters 54(23), 2999-3002, 2013-06-05
… We have succeeded to heterologously express the cytochalasin polyketide synthase-non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (PKS-NRPS) hybrid gene ccsA and the trans-acting enoyl-CoA reductase gene ccsC in Aspergillus oryzae. …
NAID 120005295657

Common and Distinct Clinical Features in Adult Patients with Anti-Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase Antibodies: Heterogeneity within the Syndrome

Hamaguchi Yasuhito,Fujimoto Manabu,Matsushita Takashi,Kaji Kenzo,Komura Kazuhiro,Hasegawa Minoru,Kodera Masanari,Muroi Eiji,Fujikawa Keita,Seishima Mariko,Yamada Hidehiro,Yamada Ryo,Sato Shinichi,Takehara Kazuhiko,Kuwana Masataka
PLoS ONE 8(4), e60442, 2013-04-03
… Objective: To identify similarities and differences in the clinical features of adult Japanese patients with individual anti-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase antibodies (anti-ARS Abs). … Thus, identification of individual anti-ARS Abs is beneficial to define this rather homogeneous subset and to predict clinical outcomes within the "anti-synthetase syndrome.". …
NAID 120005231369

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「synthase」「合成酵素」「連結酵素」「シンセターゼ」「シンテターゼ」
拡張検索	「histidyl-tRNA synthetase」「threonyl-tRNA synthetase」「type I fatty acid synthetase complex」

「synthase」

　　[★]

n.

(脱離酵素リアーゼの逆反応である合成方向の反応を指す) シンターゼ, 合成酵素, 付加酵素

関: lyase、synthetase、transferase

「合成酵素」

　　[★]

英: synthase、synthetase
関: シンターゼ、リガーゼ、連結酵素、付加酵素、シンテターゼ、シンセターゼ、酵素

「連結酵素」

　　[★]

英: ligase、synthetase
関: 合成酵素、リガーゼ、シンテターゼ、シンセターゼ

「シンセターゼ」

　　[★]

英: synthetase
関: 合成酵素、連結酵素、シンテターゼ

「シンテターゼ」

　　[★]

英: synthetase
関: 合成酵素、連結酵素、シンセターゼ

「histidyl-tRNA synthetase」

　　[★]

ヒスチジルtRNA合成酵素、ヒスチジルtRNAシンテターゼ

関: histidine-tRNA ligase

「threonyl-tRNA synthetase」

　　[★]

スレオニルtRNA合成酵素、スレオニルtRNAシンテターゼ

関: threonine-tRNA ligase

「type I fatty acid synthetase complex」

　　[★]

I型脂肪酸合成酵素複合体

[1] "Synthases and ligases". chem.qmul.ac.uk. Retrieved July 28, 2013.

v t e Enzymes
Activity	Active site Binding site Catalytic triad Oxyanion hole Enzyme promiscuity Catalytically perfect enzyme Coenzyme Cofactor Enzyme catalysis
Regulation	Allosteric regulation Cooperativity Enzyme inhibitor
Classification	EC number Enzyme superfamily Enzyme family List of enzymes
Kinetics	Enzyme kinetics Eadie–Hofstee diagram Hanes–Woolf plot Lineweaver–Burk plot Michaelis–Menten kinetics
Types	EC1 Oxidoreductases (list) EC2 Transferases (list) EC3 Hydrolases (list) EC4 Lyases (list) EC5 Isomerases (list) EC6 Ligases (list)

v t e Enzymes: CO CS and CN ligases (EC 6.1-6.3)
6.1: Carbon-Oxygen	Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase Alanine Arginine Asparagine Aspartate Cysteine D-alanine—poly(phosphoribitol) ligase Glutamate Glutamine Glycine Histidine Isoleucine Leucine Lysine Methionine Phenylalanine Proline Serine Threonine Tryptophan Tyrosine Valine
6.2: Carbon-Sulfur	Succinyl coenzyme A synthetase Acetyl—CoA synthetase Long-chain-fatty-acid—CoA ligase
6.3: Carbon-Nitrogen	Glutamine synthetase Ubiquitin ligase Cullin Von Hippel–Lindau tumor suppressor UBE3A Mdm2 Anaphase-promoting complex UBR1 Glutathione synthetase CTP synthetase Adenylosuccinate synthase Argininosuccinate synthase Holocarboxylase synthetase GMP synthase Asparagine synthetase Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I II Glutamate–cysteine ligase

v t e Ligases: carbon-carbon ligases (EC 6.4)
Biotin dependent carboxylation	Pyruvate carboxylase Acetyl-CoA carboxylase Propionyl-CoA carboxylase Methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase
Other	Polyketide synthase

v t e Enzymes: Phosphoric ester and nitrogen-metal ligases (EC 6.5-6.6)
6.5: Phosphoric Ester	DNA ligase
6.6: Nitrogen-Metal	Magnesium chelatase Cobalt chelatase

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案内

synthetase