WordNet

bend or lay so that one part covers the other; "fold up the newspaper"; "turn up your collar" (同)fold up, turn up
an angular or rounded shape made by folding; "a fold in the napkin"; "a crease in his trousers"; "a plication on her blouse"; "a flexure of the colon"; "a bend of his elbow" (同)crease, plication, flexure, crimp, bend
a geological process that causes a bend in a stratum of rock (同)folding
incorporate a food ingredient into a mixture by repeatedly turning it over without stirring or beating; "Fold the egg whites into the batter"
the act of folding; "he gave the napkins a double fold" (同)folding
a pen for sheep (同)sheepfold, sheep pen, sheepcote
a folded part (as in skin or muscle) (同)plica
become folded or folded up; "The bed folds in a jiffy" (同)fold up
describing a circle; moving in a circle; "the circular motion of the wheel" (同)rotary, orbitual
an advertisement (usually printed on a page or in a leaflet) intended for wide distribution; "he mailed the circular to all subscribers" (同)handbill, bill, broadside, broadsheet, flier, flyer, throwaway

PrepTutorEJDIC

《副語[句]を伴って》〈紙など〉‘を'『折る』,折り重ねる / 〈両手など〉‘を'『組む』;〈鳥が〉〈翼〉‘を'畳む / (…に)…‘を'巻き付ける《+『around(about)』+『名』》 / …‘を'抱き締める(embrace) / 《副語[句]を伴って》〈扇などが〉折リ畳める / 《話》〈事業などが〉つぶれる,閉じる《+『up』》 / ひだ / 折り目,畳み目 / (土地の)くぼみ / 起伏
(家畜,特に羊を入れておく)囲い,おり / 《比喩(ひゆ)的に》キリスト教会
『円形の』,丸い / 回転して動く / 循環的な,旋回する;回遊する / (公衆に配布する)案内状,広告ビラ
折り畳みの

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/02/08 18:08:53」(JST)

wiki en

The circular folds (valves of Kerckring) (also, plicae circulares / valvulae conniventes) are large valvular flaps projecting into the lumen of the small intestine.

Composition

They are composed of reduplications of the mucous membrane, the two layers of the fold being bound together by submucous tissue.

Difference from other gastrointestinal folds

Unlike the gastric folds in the stomach, they are permanent, and are not obliterated when the intestine is distended.

The space between circular folds are smaller than the haustra of the colon, and, in contrast to haustra, circular folds reach around the whole circumference of the intestine. These differences can assist in distinguishing the small intestine from the colon on an abdominal x-ray.

Location

The majority extend transversely around the cylinder of the small intestine for about one-half or two-thirds of its circumference, but some form complete circles, and others have a spiral direction; the latter usually extend a little more than once around the bowel, but occasionally two or three times.

Size

The larger folds are about 8 mm. in depth at their broadest part; but the greater number are of smaller size.

The larger and smaller folds alternate with each other.

Distribution

They are not found at the commencement of the duodenum, but begin to appear about 2.5 or 5 cm beyond the pylorus.

In the lower part of the descending portion, below the point where the bile and pancreatic ducts enter the small intestine, they are very large and closely approximated.

In the horizontal and ascending portions of the duodenum and upper half of the jejunum they are large and numerous, but from this point, down to the middle of the ileum, they diminish considerably in size.

In the lower part of the ileum they almost entirely disappear; hence the comparative thinness of this portion of the intestine, as compared with the duodenum and jejunum.

Function

The circular folds slow the passage of the food along the intestines, and afford an increased surface for absorption. They are covered with small fingerlike projections called villi (singular, villus). Each villus, in turn, is covered with microvilli. The microvilli absorb fats and nutrients from the chyme.

References

This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

External links

Anatomy photo:39:12-0302 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "Intestines and Pancreas: The Jejunum and the Ileum"
Diagram at Clarion University of Pennsylvania

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 児童虐待：小児における虐待による頭部外傷（AHT）の眼の所見 child abuse eye findings in children with abusive head trauma aht
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3. 小腸および大腸の腹部超音波検査 transabdominal ultrasonography of the small and large intestine
4. 成人における機械的小腸閉塞の疫学、臨床的特徴、および診断 epidemiology clinical features and diagnosis of mechanical small bowel obstruction in adults
5. 成人における大腸内視鏡検査の概要 overview of colonoscopy in adults

English Journal

Interaction of human telomeric G-quadruplex DNA with thymoquinone: A possible mechanism for thymoquinone anticancer effect.

Salem AA1, El Haty IA2, Abdou IM2, Mu Y3.
Biochimica et biophysica acta.Biochim Biophys Acta.2015 Feb;1850(2):329-42. doi: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.10.018. Epub 2014 Oct 24.
BACKGROUND: Thymoquinone (TQ) has been documented to possess chemo-preventive and chemotherapeutic antitumor effects. Studies reported that TQ inhibits the growth of cancer cells in animal models, culture and xenografted tumors. Molecular mechanisms underlying these anticancer effects were attribute
PMID 25450185

Pearling and arching instabilities of a granular suspension on a super-absorbing surface.

Chopin J1, Kudrolli A.
Soft matter.Soft Matter.2015 Jan 28;11(4):659-64. doi: 10.1039/c4sm02212b. Epub 2014 Dec 2.
We show that a granular suspension, composed of particles immersed in a liquid, can form pearls, hooks, and arches when deposited from a nozzle onto a translating substrate that acts as a liquid super-absorber. The removal of the liquid induces a rapid pinning of the contact line leading to mechanic
PMID 25452207

Spectral properties and thermal stability of AS1411 G-quadruplex.

Bagheri Z1, Ranjbar B2, Latifi H3, Zibaii MI4, Moghadam TT5, Azizi A1.
International journal of biological macromolecules.Int J Biol Macromol.2015 Jan;72:806-11. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.09.016. Epub 2014 Sep 22.
G-quadruplexes are supramolecular structures of G-rich nucleic acid, formed by non-canonical base pairing in the presence of specific environmental inducers. These structures have been vastly considered in diagnostic and therapeutic applications. However, detailed information on structure, optical p
PMID 25251241

Japanese Journal

大腸内視鏡検査の視野確保における先端アタッチメント評価法の検討

Progress of Digestive Endoscopy 86(1), 40-43, 2015
NAID 130005084338

EGS5 Simulations of a Pinhole Collimator CdTe Pixelated Gamma Camera for Environmental Radiation Monitoring

日本原子力学会　年会・大会予稿集 2013s(0), 637, 2013
NAID 130004568913

Eccentricity in the Progressive Crushing of Circular Tubes

Journal of Solid Mechanics and Materials Engineering 5(5), 219-229, 2011
NAID 130000823522

Related Pictures

Small intestine: Anatomy, location and function | Kenhub PPT - Digestive System PowerPoint Presentation, free download - ID:2271590 PPT - Micro-Anatomy of Stomach, Small Intestine & Large Intestine PowerPoint Digestive Part 2 Circular folds PPT - The Digestive Tract PowerPoint Presentation, free download - ID:2272586 Circular folds projecting from the cervix into the cervical canal. | Download

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「輪状ヒダ」
関連記事	「circular」「fold」「folding」

「輪状ヒダ」

Circular folds
	Interior of the descending portion of the duodenum, showing the Major duodenal papilla .
Details
Identifiers
Latin	plicae circulares
Dorlands; /Elsevier	p_24/12648947
TA	A05.6.01.007
FMA	75655
	Anatomical terminology [edit on Wikidata]