broadside

　 　 　 　 　 　 　

WordNet

1. with a side facing an object; "the train hit the truck broadside"; "the wave caught the canoe broadside and capsized it"
2. all of the armament that is fired from one side of a warship
3. the simultaneous firing of all the armament on one side of a warship
4. the whole side of a vessel from stem to stern; "the ship was broadside to the dock"
5. collide with the broad side of; "her car broad-sided mine"
6. toward a full side; "a broadside attack"

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 舷(げん)側(水面上に出た船の両側面の一方) / 片舷斉(せい)射(軍艦の左舷または右舷にあるすべての砲の同時発砲) / 《話》(文書・口頭による)一せいの激しい攻撃 / (ある物に)側面を向けて / 側面に,側面で

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/11/24 23:20:54」(JST)

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For other uses, see Broadside (disambiguation).

Broadside of a French 74-gun ship of the line

A broadside is the side of a ship, the battery of cannon on one side of a warship; or their coordinated fire in naval warfare. From the 16th century until the early decades of the steamship, vessels had rows of guns set in each side of the hull. Firing all guns on one side of the ship became known as a "broadside". The cannons of 18th century men of war were accurate only at short range, and their penetrating power mediocre, entailing that the thick hulls of wooden ships could only be pierced at short ranges. These wooden ships sailed closer and closer towards each other until cannon fire would be effective. Each tried to be the first to fire a broadside, often giving one party a decisive headstart in the battle when it crippled the other ship.

History

The English warship Mary Rose, one of the earliest warships with a broadside armament; illustration from the Anthony Roll, c. 1546

Since ancient times, war at sea had been fought much like on land: with melee weapons and bows and arrows, but on floating wooden platforms rather than battlefields. Though the introduction of guns was a significant change, it only slowly changed the dynamics of ship-to-ship combat. The first guns on ships were small wrought-iron pieces mounted on the open decks and in the fighting tops, often requiring only one or two men to handle them. They were designed to injure, kill or simply stun, shock and frighten the enemy prior to boarding. As guns were made more durable to withstand stronger gunpowder charges, they increased their potential to inflict critical damage to the vessel rather than just its crew. Since these guns were much heavier than the earlier anti-personnel weapons, they had to be placed lower in the ships, and fire from gunports, to avoid ships becoming unstable. In Northern Europe the technique of building ships with clinker planking made it difficult to cut ports in the hull; clinker-built (or clench-built) ships had much of their structural strength in the outer hull. The solution was the gradual adoption of carvel-built ships that relied on an internal skeleton structure to bear the weight of the ship. The development of propulsion during the 15th century from single-masted, square-rigged cogs to three-masted carracks with a mix of square and lateen sails made ships nimbler and easier to maneuver.

Gunports cut in the hull of ships had been introduced as early as 1501. According to tradition the inventor was a Breton shipwright called Descharges, but it is just as likely to have been a gradual adaptation of loading ports in the stern of merchant vessels that had already been in use for centuries. Initially, the gunports were used to mount heavy so-called stern chasers pointing aft, but soon gun ports migrated to the sides of ships. This made possible coordinated volleys from all the guns on one side of a ship for the first time in history, at least in theory. Guns in the 16th century were considered to be in fixed positions and were intended to be fired independently rather than in concerted volleys. It was not until the 1590s that the word "broadside" in English was commonly used to refer to gunfire from the side of a ship rather than the ship's side itself.

As a measurement

USS Iowa firing her guns broadside (1984). Note the water displaced beneath the bores.

Additionally, the term broadside is a measurement of a vessel's maximum simultaneous firepower which can be delivered upon a single target, because this concentration is usually obtained by firing a broadside. This is calculated by multiplying the shell weight of the ship's main armament shells times the number of barrels that can be brought to bear. If some turrets are incapable of firing to either side of the vessel, only the maximum number of barrels which can fire to one side or the other are counted. For example, the American Iowa-class battleships carried a main armament of nine 16-inch (406 mm) main guns in turrets which could all be trained to a single broadside. Each 16-inch shell weighed 2,700 pounds (1,200 kg), which when multiplied by nine (the total number of barrels in all three turrets) equals a total of 24,300 pounds (11,022 kg). Thus, an Iowa-class battleship had a broadside of 12 short tons (11.0 tonnes), the weight of shells that she could theoretically land on a target in a single firing.

See list of broadsides of major World War II ships for a comparison.

See also

• Barrage (artillery)
• Salvo
• Fusillade
• Volley fire
• Sailing ship tactics#Early history

Notes

References

• Marsden, Peter, Sealed by Time: The Loss and Recovery of the Mary Rose. The Archaeology of the Mary Rose, Volume 1. The Mary Rose Trust, Portsmouth. 2003. ISBN 0-9544029-0-1
• Platt, Richard,Man-of-war. Dorling Kindersley, New York. 1993. ISBN 978-1-56458-321-5.
• Rodger, Nicholas A. M., The Safeguard of the Sea: A Naval History of Britain 660–1649. W.W. Norton & Company, New York. 1997. ISBN 0-393-04579-X
• Rodger, N. A. M. (2004). The Command of the Ocean : a naval history of Great Britain 1649 - 1815. Penguin History. ISBN 0-14-102690-1. 

Further reading

• George Dorsey, "When a U.S. Battleship Fires a Broadside," The New York Times Magazine, 30 December 1917.

English Journal

• Continuous leaky-wave scanning using periodically modulated spoof plasmonic waveguide.

• Kong GS1, Ma HF1,2, Cai BG1, Cui TJ1.
• Scientific reports.Sci Rep.2016 Jul 12;6:29600. doi: 10.1038/srep29600.
• The plasmonic waveguide made of uniform corrugated metallic strip can support and guide spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs) with high confinements. Here, we propose periodically-modulated plasmonic waveguide composed of non-uniform corrugated metallic strip to convert SSPPs to radiating waves,
• PMID 27404740

• Evaluation of the resolution of a metamaterial acoustic leaky wave antenna.

• Naify CJ1, Rogers JS2, Guild MD3, Rohde CA1, Orris GJ1.
• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.J Acoust Soc Am.2016 Jun;139(6):3251. doi: 10.1121/1.4950755.
• Acoustic antennas have long been utilized to directionally steer acoustic waves in both air and water. Typically, these antennas are comprised of arrays of active acoustic elements, which are electronically phased to steer the acoustic profile in the desired direction. A new technology, known as an
• PMID 27369149

• Leaky-Wave Radiations by Modulating Surface Impedance on Subwavelength Corrugated Metal Structures.

• Cai BG1, Li YB1, Ma HF1,2, Jiang WX1,2, Cheng Q1,3, Cui TJ1,3.
• Scientific reports.Sci Rep.2016 Apr 1;6:23974. doi: 10.1038/srep23974.
• One-dimensional (1D) subwavelength corrugated metal structures has been described to support spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). Here we demonstrate that a periodically modulated 1D subwavelength corrugated metal structure can convert spoof SPPs to propagating waves. The structure is fed at the
• PMID 27035269

• Compact Feeding Network for Array Radiations of Spoof Surface Plasmon Polaritons.

• Xu JJ1,2, Yin JY1,2, Zhang HC1,2, Cui TJ1,3.
• Scientific reports.Sci Rep.2016 Mar 7;6:22692. doi: 10.1038/srep22692.
• We propose a splitter feeding network for array radiations of spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), which are guided by ultrathin corrugated metallic strips. Based on the coupled mode theory, SPP fields along a single waveguide in a certain frequency range can be readily coupled into two adjacent
• PMID 26948142

Japanese Journal

• Novel design of substrate integrated waveguide filter employing broadside-coupled complementary split ring resonators

• Yiran Cui,Long Jin,Zhengheng Zhang,Lei Li
• IEICE Electronics Express advpub(0), 2015
• … A novel design of filter based on substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) structure is presented in this letter, and a pair of broadside-coupled complementary split ring resonators (BC-CSRRs) are used in the filter. …
• NAID 130004940075

• B-1-123 円偏波開ループアレーアンテナ : ブロードサイド放射(B-1.アンテナ・伝播B(アンテナ一般),一般セッション)

• 飯塚 泰,山内 潤治,中野 久松
• 電子情報通信学会総合大会講演論文集 2014年_通信(1), 123, 2014-03-04
• NAID 110009848809

• マイクロストリップ非平行ブロードサイド電磁結合線路の近端クロストークに関する実験的検討

• 昆 真央,川又 憲,嶺岸 茂樹
• 東北学院大学工学部研究報告 = Science and engineering reports of Tohoku Gakuin University 48(1), 11-14, 2014-02
• NAID 40020065915

• "May the winds blow till they have wakened death" : Othelloにおけるバラッド歌唱場面の劇的機能(関西英文学研究)

• 喜多野 裕子
• 英文学研究. 支部統合号 6, 271-276, 2014-01-20
• … After briefly reviewing the features of old willow songs, I focus on the alterations Shakespeare made on the popular broadside ballad entitled "A Louer's complaint." An analysis of the alterations will show that the multiple subject positions in the singing of "Willow Song" even include Othello, the hero, and Barbary, the dead woman, transcending gender and class differences. …
• NAID 110009817034

Related Links

• Broadside | Definition of broadside by Merriam-Webster

Full Definition of BROADSIDE 1 a: with the side forward or toward a given point : sideways <turned broadside> b: directly from the side <the car was hit broadside> 2: in one volley 3: at random See broadside defined for English ...

• broadsideの意味・用例｜英辞郎 on the WEB：アルク

broadside 【自動】舷側の方向へ進む 【他動】～の側面にぶつかる、～に言葉の一... - アルクがお届けする進化するオンライン英和・和英辞書データベース。一般的な単語や連語から、イディオム、専門用語、スラングまで幅広く収録。

• Broadside Cartoons Official Homepage

Broadside Cartoons by Jeff Bacon ... Want to get Broadside and Greenside cartoons sent to you automatically? Just type in your email address! (We never sell or give out your email to anyone.)

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