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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2019/04/27 05:45:37」(JST)

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Cefpodoxime is an oral, third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. It is active against most Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. Notable exceptions include Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus, and Bacteroides fragilis. Currently, it is only marketed as generic preparations in the USA, according to the FDA Orange Book. It is commonly used to treat acute otitis media, pharyngitis, sinusitis, and gonorrhea. It also finds use as oral continuation therapy when intravenous cephalosporins (such as ceftriaxone) are no longer necessary for continued treatment.

Cefpodoxime inhibits cell wall synthesis by inhibiting the final transpeptidation step of peptidoglycan synthesis in cell walls. It has well established pharmacokinetic profile with absorption of 50%. It is indicated in community acquired pneumonia, uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections, and uncomplicated urinary tract infections.

It was patented in 1980 and approved for medical use in 1989.^[1]

Spectrum of bacterial susceptibility and resistance

Cefpodoxime has been used to fight pathogenic bacteria responsible for causing gonorrhoea, tonsillitis, pneumonia, and bronchitis. Representative pathogenic genera include Streptococcus, Haemophilus, and Neisseria. The following represents MIC susceptibility data for a few medically significant microorganisms.

Haemophilus influenzae: ≤0.03 - 1 μg/ml
Neisseria gonorrhoeae: 0.004 - 0.06 μg/ml
Streptococcus pyogenes: ≤0.004 - 2 μg/ml

^[2]

Brand name

Zoetis markets cefpodoxime proxetil under the trade name Simplicef for veterinary use. The dose range in dogs is 5–10 mg/kg body weight, administered orally, once a day. Finecure, India markets the products under trade name Cefpo.^[3]

Toraxim (Delta Pharma Ltd. Bangladesh)

Trucef (by Renata Limited, Bangladesh)

Orelox (by Sanofi-Aventis)^[4]

MAPDOX-CV: Cefpodoxime and Clavulanic acid combination

MONOTAX O (Cefpodoxime)/ MONOTAX CV (Cefpodoxime and Clavulanic acid combination) (by Zydus Healthcare Ltd.)

References

^ Fischer, Jnos; Ganellin, C. Robin (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 495. ISBN 9783527607495.
^ http://www.toku-e.com/Assets/MIC/Cefpodoxime%20Free%20acid.pdf
^ "Anti Biotics and Anti Bacterial". Finecurepharmaceuticalsltd. Archived from the original on 2012-03-06. Retrieved 2012-03-27.
^ "Orelox - Drugs.com". www.drugs.com. Retrieved 2015-11-28.

External links

CID 6526396 from PubChem - cefpodoxime proxetil
Vantin Tablets and Oral Suspension Torpod (Torrent) Full U.S. Prescribing Information (from manufacturer's website)
Simplicef (from manufacturer's website)
http://www.intaspharma.com/index.php?option=com_djcatalog2&view=itemstable&cid=3&Itemid=77

UpToDate Contents

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1. Acute uncomplicated cystitis in women
2. 小児における急性中耳炎：治療 acute otitis media in children treatment
3. 成人における合併症のない急性副鼻腔炎および鼻副鼻腔炎：治療 uncomplicated acute sinusitis and rhinosinusitis in adults treatment
4. セフェム系 cephalosporins
5. 小児における急性細菌性副鼻腔炎：微生物および治療 acute bacterial rhinosinusitis in children microbiology and treatment

English Journal

Occurrence of antimicrobial resistance bacteria in the Yodo River basin, Japan and determination of beta-lactamases producing bacteria.

Yamashita N1, Katakawa Y2, Tanaka H2.
Ecotoxicology and environmental safety.Ecotoxicol Environ Saf.2017 Sep;143:38-45. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.04.053. Epub 2017 May 9.
PMID 28499129

Evaluation of the relationship between the minimum inhibitory concentration of ceftiofur and third-generation cephalosporins in Escherichia coli isolates from food-producing animals.

Hiki M1,2,3,4, Shimizu Y1,2,3,4, Kawanishi M1,2,3,4, Ozawa M1,2,3,4, Abo H1,2,3,4, Kojima A1,2,3,4, Koike R1,2,3,4, Suzuki S1,2,3,4, Asai T1,2,3,4, Hamamoto S1,2,3,4.
Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc.J Vet Diagn Invest.2017 Sep;29(5):716-720. doi: 10.1177/1040638717713794. Epub 2017 Jun 14.
PMID 28613139

Multiple Antibiotic-Resistant, Extended Spectrum-β-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Enterobacteria in Fresh Seafood.

Sanjit Singh A1, Lekshmi M2, Prakasan S3, Nayak BB4, Kumar S5.
Microorganisms.Microorganisms.2017 Aug 30;5(3). pii: E53. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms5030053.
PMID 28867789

Japanese Journal

セフポドキシムプロキセチル (特集新規に開発された伴侶動物用抗菌剤の基礎と応用)

米竹和歌子
動物用抗菌剤研究会報 (35), 62-70, 2013-11
NAID 40019889567

Physicochemical and Pharmacokinetic Characterization of a Spray-Dried Cefpodoxime Proxetil Nanosuspension

Gao Yuan,Qian Shuai,Zhang Jianjun
Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 58(7), 912-917, 2010
… Cefpodoxime proxetil (CP) is a prodrug, the third generation cephem-type broad-spectrum antibiotic administered orally. … In the present investigation, the spray-dried cefpodoxime proxetil nanosuspension (SDN) was prepared. … The pharmacokinetic study of SDN, in comparison to a marketed cefpodoxime proxetil for oral suspension (MS), was also performed in rabbits after a single oral dose. …
NAID 130000299783

イリノテカン関連下痢症の対策

成相宏樹,設楽利二,大戸佑二,白井晴己,宮路尚子,棗田とも,谷内真由美,佐藤吉壮,志関孝夫,難波貞夫
小児がん : 小児悪性腫瘍研究会記録 46(2), 201-206, 2009-05-30
イリノテカンは高い抗腫瘍活性を示す有望な薬剤であるが,副作用であるイリノテカン関連下痢症(IAD)はDose Limiting Toxicityとしてその対策が重要である.今回我々はイリノテカン代謝のステップにおける腸内細菌の関与に着目し,抗菌薬投与によるIADの対策を行ったので報告する.神経芽腫1症例に対し,イリノテカン50mg/m^2(低用量)と180mg/m^2(高用量)静脈内投与を行ったが …
NAID 110007338894

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リンク元	「セフポドキシムプロキセチル」
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「セフポドキシムプロキセチル」

Cefpodoxime
Clinical data
Trade names	Vantin, others
Synonyms	Cefprodoxime proxetil
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
MedlinePlus	a698024
Pregnancy; category	AU: B1 ; US: B (No risk in non-human studies) ; ;
Routes of; administration	Oral
ATC code	J01DD13 (WHO) ;
Legal status
Legal status	US: ℞-only ;
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	50%
Protein binding	21% to 29%
Metabolism	Negligible. Cefpodoxime proxetil is metabolized to cefpodoxime by the liver
Elimination half-life	2 hours
Excretion	Renal, unchanged
Identifiers
	IUPAC name (6R,7R)-7-{[(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyimino-acetyl]amino}-3-(methoxymethyl)-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid;
CAS Number	80210-62-4 ;
PubChem CID	6335986;
DrugBank	DB01416 ;
ChemSpider	4891496 ;
UNII	7R4F94TVGY;
KEGG	D07650 ;
ChEBI	CHEBI:3504 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1672 ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID6022765 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.210.871
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C15H17N5O6S2
Molar mass	427.458 g/mol g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
	SMILES O=C2N1/C(=C(\CS[C@@H]1[C@@H]2NC(=O)C(=N\OC)/c3nc(sc3)N)COC)C(=O)O;
	InChI InChI=1S/C15H17N5O6S2/c1-25-3-6-4-27-13-9(12(22)20(13)10(6)14(23)24)18-11(21)8(19-26-2)7-5-28-15(16)17-7/h5,9,13H,3-4H2,1-2H3,(H2,16,17)(H,18,21)(H,23,24)/b19-8-/t9-,13-/m1/s1 ; Key:WYUSVOMTXWRGEK-HBWVYFAYSA-N ;
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