WordNet

stimulating evacuation of feces
a mild cathartic
a purging medicine; stimulates evacuation of the bowels (同)cathartic, physic, aperient
emotionally purging (of e.g. art) (同)releasing
strongly laxative (同)evacuant, purgative
emotionally purging (同)psychotherapeutic

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下剤
下剤 / 下剤の
下剤 / 下剤の,洗浄の / 浄化の

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/12/30 21:54:13」(JST)

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In medicine, a cathartic is a substance that accelerates defecation. This is in contrast to a laxative, which is a substance which eases defecation, usually by softening feces.^[1] It is possible for a substance to be both a laxative and a cathartic. However, agents such as psyllium seed husks increase the bulk of the feces.^[2]

Cathartics such as sorbitol, magnesium citrate, magnesium sulfate, or sodium sulfate were previously used as a form of gastrointestinal decontamination following poisoning via ingestion. They are no longer routinely recommended for poisonings.^[3] High-dose cathartics may be an effective means of ridding the lower gastrointestinal tract of toxins; however, they carry a risk of electrolyte imbalances and dehydration.^[4]

During the 1918 flu pandemic, cathartics were used in the Fort Lewis, WA, area. An original report by Elizabeth J. Davies, a public health nurse, mentions cathartics, pneumonia jackets and copious amount of drinks as treatments for influenza patients.^{[citation needed]}

Blood is a cathartic. Gastrointestinal bleeding will cause diarrhea.

References

^ Cathartics at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
^ The MSDS HyperGlossary: Catharsis
^ American Academy Of Clinical Toxico; European Association Of Poisons Cen (2004). "Position paper: cathartics". Journal of Toxicology. Clinical Toxicology 42 (3): 243–53. doi:10.1081/CLT-120039801. PMID 15362590.
^ Tamara McGregor et al (2009). "Evaluation and management of common childhood poisonings". Am Fam Physician 79 (5): 397–403. PMID 19275069.

External links

Cathartic at eMedicine Dictionary

UpToDate Contents

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1. 成人における慢性便秘のマネージメント management of chronic constipation in adults
2. 高齢者における便秘 constipation in the older adult
3. 幼児および小児における慢性機能性便秘および便失禁の治療 treatment of chronic functional constipation and fecal incontinence in infants and children
4. 虚偽性下痢症 factitious diarrhea
5. 幼児および小児における急性便秘の予防および治療 prevention and treatment of acute constipation in infants and children

English Journal

Simultaneous determination of pharmaceutical components in dietary supplements for weight loss by capillary electrophoresis tandem mass spectrometry.

Akamatsu S, Mitsuhashi T.SourceHyogo Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Consumer Sciences, 2-1-29, Arata-cho, Hyogo-ku, Kobe, 652-0032, Japan.
Drug testing and analysis.Drug Test Anal.2013 Aug 14. doi: 10.1002/dta.1524. [Epub ahead of print]
A simple capillary electrophoresis tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for the simultaneous determination of 20 pharmaceutical components such as cathartics and appetite suppressants in dietary supplements for weight loss. This method allowed multidrug target screening and confirmation in
PMID 23943335

Recurrent tonic-clonic seizures and coma due to ingestion of Type I pyrethroids in a 19-month-old patient.

Giampreti A, Lampati L, Chidini G, Rocchi L, Rolandi L, Lonati D, Petrolini VM, Vecchio S, Locatelli CA, Manzo L.SourceIRCCS Maugeri Foundation Clinical Institute and University of Pavia, Pavia Poison Centre and National Toxicology Information Centre, Pavia, Italy. andrea.giampreti@unipv.it
Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.).Clin Toxicol (Phila).2013 Jul;51(6):497-500. doi: 10.3109/15563650.2013.808747. Epub 2013 Jun 14.
CONTEXT: Pyrethroids are synthetic pyrethrin analogues that induce sodium-channel depolarization and hyperexcitation. Severe pyrethroid poisoning is manifested by a "Tremor Syndrome" (Type I cyano-agents) or a "Choreoathetosis/Salivation Syndrome" (Type II non cyano-agents). Very few reports of neur
PMID 23768029

A Comparison of 2 L of Polyethylene Glycol and 45 mL of Sodium Phosphate versus 4 L of Polyethylene Glycol for Bowel Cleansing: A Prospective Randomized Trial.

Bae SE, Kim KJ, Eum JB, Yang DH, Ye BD, Byeon JS, Myung SJ, Yang SK, Kim JH.SourceDepartment of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Gut and liver.Gut Liver.2013 Jul;7(4):423-9. doi: 10.5009/gnl.2013.7.4.423. Epub 2013 Jun 11.
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based gut lavage solutions are safe and effective, but require the intake of large volumes of fluid. The use of 2 L PEG plus 45 mL sodium phosphate (PEG2 plus NaP) was compared with 4 L PEG (PEG4) for bowel cleansing before colonoscopy.METHODS: Patients wer
PMID 23898382

Japanese Journal

Intervention to construct a system for defecation care in long-term care health facilities for the elderly

Sakakibara Chiaki,Tsukasaki Keiko
金沢大学つるま保健学会誌 35(2), 15-27, 2011-12-27
… There was a significant increasein the number of residents not receiving stimulant cathartics, and the total amountof cathartics used decreased significantly in both facilities. …
NAID 80022251780

介護老人保健施設における要介護高齢者の便の性状と関連要因

榊原千秋,塚崎恵子
金沢大学つるま保健学会誌 34(1), 39-49, 2010-00-00
… Factors associated with soft stools included a lower daily calorie intake,less frequent urge to defecate, a higher daily fiber intake, frequent urinaryincontinence, and frequent use of stimulant cathartics. …
NAID 120002314569

Catharticinduced Fatal Hypermagnesemia in the Elderly

Onishi Sachiko,Yoshino Shunpei
Internal Medicine 45(4), 207-210, 2006
… Symptomatic hypermagnesemia is rare and can be induced by exogenous magnesiumcontaining cathartics or antacids. … Magnesiumcontaining cathartics or antacids should be used more carefully in the elderly. …
NAID 130000076572