WordNet

transport something in a cart
a heavy open wagon usually having two wheels and drawn by an animal
a motor vehicle with four wheels; usually propelled by an internal combustion engine; "he needs a car to get to work" (同)auto, automobile, machine, motorcar
where passengers ride up and down; "the car was on the top floor" (同)elevator car
the compartment that is suspended from an airship and that carries personnel and the cargo and the power plant (同)gondola
a wheeled vehicle adapted to the rails of railroad; "three cars had jumped the rails" (同)railcar, railway car, railroad car
feeling and exhibiting concern and empathy for others; "caring friends"

PrepTutorEJDIC

(1頭立ての)『二輪車』,荷馬車,荷車 / 手押し車 / …'を'積んで運ぶ / (苦労して)〈物〉'を'かかえて運ぶ / 《話》…'を'引きずっていく《+『名』+『off』,+『off』+『名』》
『自動車』(automobile)電車(streetcar) / 《米》(鉄道の)『車両』;客車,貨車 / (気球などの)かご;(エレベーターの)箱
circa

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/07/29 17:51:23」(JST)

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For other uses, see Cart (disambiguation).

A Haitian hand cart.

A cart is a vehicle designed for transport, using two wheels and normally pulled by one or a pair of draught animals. A handcart is pulled or pushed by one or more people. It is different from a dray or wagon, which is a heavy transport vehicle with four wheels and normally at least two horses, which in turn is different from a carriage, which is used exclusively for transporting humans. The restriction of "carts" to two wheels has become less strictly observed since they were commonly horse-drawn, particularly for those pushed by people.

The draught animals used for carts may be horses or ponies, mules, oxen, water buffalo or donkeys, or even smaller animals such as goats or large dogs.

History

Hand-propelled wheel cart, Indus Valley Civilization (3000–1500 BCE). Housed at the National Museum, New Delhi.

Carts have been mentioned in literature as far back as the second millennium B.C. The Indian sacred book Rigveda states that men and women are as equal as two wheels of a cart. Hand-carts pushed by humans have been used around the world. In the 19th century, for instance, some Mormons travelling across the plains of the United States between 1856 and 1860 used handcarts.

Carts were often used for judicial punishments, both to transport the condemned – a public humiliation in itself (in Ancient Rome defeated leaders were often carried in the victorious general's triumph) – and even, in England until its substitution by the whipping post under Queen Elizabeth I, to tie the condemned to the cart-tail and administer him or her a public whipping.

Types of cart

Larger carts may be drawn by animals, such as horses, mules, or oxen. They have been in continuous use since the invention of the wheel, in the 5th millennium BC. Carts may be named for the animal that pulls them, such as horsecart or oxcart. In modern times, horsecarts are used in competition while draft horse showing. A dogcart, however, is usually a cart designed to carry hunting dogs: an open cart with two cross-seats back to back; the dogs could be penned between the rear-facing seat and the back end.

The term " cart " (synonymous in this sense with chair) is also used for various kinds of lightweight, two-wheeled carriages, some of them sprung carts (or spring carts), especially those used as open pleasure or sporting vehicles. They could be drawn by a horse, pony or dog. Examples include:

cocking cart: short-bodied, high, two-wheeled, seat for a groom behind the box; for tandem driving^[1]

dogcart: light, usually one horse, commonly two-wheeled and high, two transverse seats set back to back

donkey cart: underslung axle, two lengthwise seats; also called pony cart, tub-cart

A donkey cart used in The Gambia

Tourist carts in Petra Siq (Jordan)

float: a dropped axle to give an especially low loadbed, for carrying heavy or unstable items such as milk churns. The name survives today as a milkfloat.

governess cart: light, two-wheeled, entered from the rear, body partly or wholly of wickerwork, seat for two persons along each side; also called governess car, tub-cart

Carts from different Malay regions, exhibited at the Muzium Negara.

ralli cart: light, two-wheeled, horse-drawn, for two persons facing forward, or four, two facing forward and two rearward. The seat is adjustable fore-and-aft to keep the vehicle balanced for two or four people.

stolkjaerre: two-wheeled, front seat for two, rear seat for the driver; used in Norway

tax cart: spring cart, formerly subject to a small tax in England; also called taxed cart

Whitechapel cart: spring cart, light, two-wheeled, especially for family or light delivery service

The builder of a cart may be known as a cartwright; the surname "Carter" also derives from the occupation of transporting goods by cart or wagon.

Ox carts in Madagascar

Carts have many different shapes, but the basic idea of transporting material (or maintaining a collection of materials in a portable fashion) remains. Carts may have a pair of shafts, one along each side of the draught animal that supports the forward-balanced load in the cart. The shafts are supported by a saddle on the horse. Alternatively (and normally where the animals are oxen or buffalo), the cart may have a single pole between a pair of animals. The draught traces attach to the axle of the vehicle or to the shafts. The traces are attached to a collar (on horses), to a yoke (on other heavy draught animals) or to a harness on dogs or other light animals.

Traces are made from a range of materials depending on the load and frequency of use. Heavy draught traces are made from iron or steel chain. Lighter traces are often leather and sometimes hemp rope, but plaited horse-hair and other similar decorative materials can be used.

The dray is often associated with the transport of barrels, particularly of beer.

Of the cart types not animal-drawn, perhaps the most common example today is the shopping cart (British English: shopping trolley), which has also come to have a metaphorical meaning in relation to online purchases (here, British English uses the metaphor of the shopping basket). Shopping carts first made their appearance in Oklahoma City in 1937.

In golf, both manual push or pull and electric golf trolleys are designed to carry a golfers bag, clubs and other equipment. Also, the golf cart, car, or buggy, is a powered vehicle that carries golfers and their equipment around a golf course faster and with less effort than walking.

A Porter's trolley is a type of small, hand-propelled wheeled platform. This can also be called a baggage cart. since the 13th century.^{[citation needed]}

Autocarts are a type of small, hand-propelled wheeled utility carts having a pivoting base for collapsible storage in vehicles. They eliminate the need for plastic or paper shopping bags and are also used by tradespersons to carry tools, equipment or supplies.

A soap-box cart (also known as a Billy Cart, Go-Cart, Trolley etc.) is a popular children's construction project on wheels, usually pedaled, but also intended for a test race.

The term "Go-Kart", which exists since 1959, also shortened as "Kart", an alternative spelling of "cart", refers to a tiny race car with frame and two-stroke engine; the old term go-cart originally meant a sedan chair or an infant walker

Gallery

A charrette, a wooden French cart (Cévennes).
A horsecart in Santiago de Cuba.
Cart and windmill at the National Ranching Heritage Center in Lubbock, Texas, USA.
An iron-tyred wooden-spoked cart wheel
A simple wooden cart in Australia.
A Chinese Sui Dynasty (581–618 AD) cart figurine pulled by a bull.
A cart transporting watermelons in Harbin, China. One man sits by the shafts to ensure the horse pulls against a downward load.
Mormon handcart pioneers crossing the Platte River, modern reenactment of 1856 expedition.
A walking cart, used for long distance travel, seen at Michigan's Mackinac Bridge.

References

^ CAAOnline: Carriage Tour. The Carriage Association of America, Inc.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Carts

Look up cart in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Hand and Horse Drawn Firefighting Apparatus
History of the Shopping Cart

Find more about Cart on Wikipedia's sister projects:
	Definitions and translations from Wiktionary
	Images and media from Commons
	Learning resources from Wikiversity
	News stories from Wikinews
	Quotations from Wikiquote
	Source texts from Wikisource
	Textbooks from Wikibooks

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Using UV-Vis spectroscopy for simultaneous geographical and varietal classification of tea infusions simulating a home-made tea cup.

Diniz PH1, Barbosa MF2, de Melo Milanez KD2, Pistonesi MF3, de Araújo MC4.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2016 Feb 1;192:374-9. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.07.022. Epub 2015 Jul 8.
In this work we proposed a method to verify the differentiating characteristics of simple tea infusions prepared in boiling water alone (simulating a home-made tea cup), which represents the final product as ingested by the consumers. For this purpose we used UV-Vis spectroscopy and variable selecti
PMID 26304362

In-utero triple antiretroviral exposure associated with decreased growth among HIV-exposed uninfected infants in Botswana.

Powis KM1, Smeaton L, Hughes MD, Tumbare EA, Souda S, Jao J, Wirth KE, Makhema J, Lockman S, Fawzi W, Essex M, Shapiro RL.
AIDS (London, England).AIDS.2016 Jan;30(2):211-20. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000000895.
OBJECTIVE: To assess associations between in-utero triple antiretrovirals (cART) versus zidovudine (ZDV) monotherapy exposure and growth among HIV-uninfected children of HIV-infected women in Botswana.DESIGN: Secondary retrospective data analysis from two randomized intervention trials of mother-to-
PMID 26684818

Rates of non-confounded HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders in men initiating combination antiretroviral therapy during primary infection.

Evering TH1, Applebaum A, La Mar M, Garmon D, Dorfman D, Markowitz M.
AIDS (London, England).AIDS.2016 Jan;30(2):203-10. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000000892.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) in HIV-infected participants who initiated combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) during primary infection.DESIGN: Cross-sectional observational study.METHODS: HIV-infected men without neuropsychiatric confou
PMID 26684817

Prevalence and Persistence of Varicella Antibodies in Previously Immunized Children and Youth With Perinatal HIV-1 Infection.

Purswani MU1, Karalius B2, Yao TJ3, Schmid DS4, Burchett SK5, Siberry GK6, Patel K2, Van Dyke RB7, Yogev R8; Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study (PHACS); Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study PHACS.
Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.Clin Infect Dis.2016 Jan 1;62(1):106-14. doi: 10.1093/cid/civ734. Epub 2015 Sep 18.
BACKGROUND: Two doses of live-attenuated varicella-zoster vaccine are recommended for human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1)-infected children with CD4% ≥15%. We determined the prevalence and persistence of antibody in immunized children with perinatal HIV (PHIV) and their association with number
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