brain slice

• 脳スライス、脳切片

WordNet

1. hit a ball so that it causes a backspin
2. a share of something; "a slice of the companys revenue" (同)piece
3. a golf shot that curves to the right for a right-handed golfer; "he took lessons to cure his slicing" (同)fade, slicing
4. a spatula for spreading paint or ink
5. a thin flat piece cut off of some object
6. cut into slices; "Slice the salami, please" (同)slice up
7. hit a ball and put a spin on it so that it travels in a different direction
8. kill by smashing someones skull
9. mental ability; "hes got plenty of brains but no common sense" (同)brainpower, learning_ability, mental capacity, mentality, wit
10. that part of the central nervous system that includes all the higher nervous centers; enclosed within the skull; continuous with the spinal cord (同)encephalon
11. the brain of certain animals used as meat
12. hit on the head
13. used of meat; cut into pieces for serving
14. the act of cutting into slices

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. (…の)(薄く切った平らな)『一枚』,一切れ《+『of』+『名』》・(…の)分け前(share),一部(part)《+『of』+『名』》・スライス(野球・ゴルフなどで,打球が打者のきき手の方向に飛ぶこと,またその打球) ・料理用へら,フライ返し / 〈パンなど〉‘を'『薄く切る』《+『up』+『名,』+『名』+『up』》・…‘を'薄く切り取る《+『off』+『名,』+『名』+『off』》・〈水など〉‘を'切って進む・(野球・ゴルフなどで)〈ボール〉‘を'スライスさせて打つ,きき手の方向に打つ・(水なとを)切って進む《+『through』+『名』》 / (野球・ゴルフなどで)〈打者が〉ボールをスライスさせて打つ;〈ボールが〉スライスして飛ぶ
2. 『脳』,脳髄 / 《しばしば複数形で》『頭脳』,『知力』 / 《話》秀才,知的指導者 / …‘の'頭を打ち砕く
3. =brassiere,　brassiere

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/10/29 20:56:57」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

The slice preparation or brain slice is a laboratory technique in electrophysiology that allows the study of a synapse or neural circuit in isolation from the rest of the brain, in controlled physiological conditions. It involves stimulating and/or recording from a slice of brain tissue immersed in artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF). The technique allows for greater experimental control, through elimination of the effects of the rest of the brain on the circuit of interest, careful control of the physiological conditions through perfusion of substrates through the incubation fluid, to precise manipulation of neurotransmitter activity through perfusion of agonists and antagonists. However, the increase in control comes with a decrease in the ease with which the results can be applied to the whole neural system.

Benefits and limitations

When investigating mammalian CNS activity, slice preparation has several advantages and disadvantages when compared to in vivo study. Slice preparation is both faster and cheaper than in vivo preparation, and does not require anaesthesia beyond the initial sacrifice. The removal of the brain tissue from the body removes the mechanical effects of heartbeat and respiration, which allows for extended intracellular recording. The physiological conditions of the sample, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide levels, or pH of the extracellular fluid can be carefully adjusted and maintained. Slice work under a microscope also allows for careful placement of the recording electrode, which would not be possible in the closed in vivo system. Removing the brain tissue means that there is no blood–brain barrier, which allows drugs, neurotransmitters or their modulators, or ions to be perfused throughout the neural tissue. Finally, whilst the circuit isolated in a brain slice represents a simplified model of the circuit in situ, it maintains structural connections that are lost in cell cultures, or homogenised tissue.

However, slice preparation also has some drawbacks. Most obviously, an isolated slice lacks the usual input and output connections present in the whole brain. Further, the slicing process may itself compromise the tissue. Slicing of the brain can damage the top and bottom of the section, but beyond that, the process of decapitation and extraction of the brain before the slice is placed in solution may have effects on the tissue which are not yet understood. During recording, the tissue also "ages", degrading at a faster rate than in the intact animal. Finally, the artificial composition of the bathing solution means that the presence and relative concentrations of the necessary compounds may not be present.

References

Schurr, Avital, Brain Slice Preparation in Electrophysiology, Kopf Carrier, Vol 15

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 成人における頭蓋内硬膜外血腫intracranial epidural hematoma in adults [show details]
  … counted if the area is <25 percent of the largest hemorrhage slice. Although head CT is more widely used, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is more sensitive than head CT for the detection of intracranial …
• 2. 脳死の診断diagnosis of brain death [show details]
  … various organ systems. Death of the brain therefore qualifies as death, as the brain is essential for integrating critical functions of the body. The equivalence of brain death with death is largely, although …
• 3. 外傷性脳損傷：疫学、分類、および病態生理traumatic brain injury epidemiology classification and pathophysiology [show details]
  …complications. The pathophysiology of TBI-related brain injury is divided into two separate but related categories: primary brain injury and secondary brain injury. Current clinical approaches to the management …
• 4. 固形癌が脳転移した場合の全身療法systemic therapy for brain metastases from solid tumors [show details]
  …metastasize to the brain. The use of WBRT, SRS, and surgery in the management of brain metastases is discussed elsewhere, as is the treatment of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis. An intact blood-brain barrier limits …
• 5. 黒色腫（メラノーマ）の脳転移のマネージメントmanagement of brain metastases in melanoma [show details]
  …prognostic assessment tool for patients with melanoma brain metastases , the Basic Score-Brain Metastases (BS-BM) tool , and the Score Index for Radiosurgery in Brain Metastases . Both extracranial and central …

English Journal

• Endocannabinoid 2-AG and intracellular cannabinoid receptors modulate a low-threshold calcium spike-induced slow depolarizing afterpotential in rat thalamic paraventricular nucleus neurons.

• Zhang L1, Kolaj M1, Renaud LP2.
• Neuroscience.Neuroscience.2016 May 13;322:308-19. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.02.047. Epub 2016 Feb 26.
• In rat paraventricular thalamic nucleus (PVT) neurons, activation of low-threshold calcium (Ca(2+)) channels triggers a low-threshold spike (LTS) which may be followed by slow afterpotentials that can dramatically influence action potential patterning. Using gluconate-based internal recording soluti
• PMID 26924019

• Neocortical slices from adult chronic epileptic rats exhibit discharges of higher voltages and broader spread.

• Serafini R1, Dettloff S2, Loeb JA3.
• Neuroscience.Neuroscience.2016 May 13;322:509-24. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.02.026. Epub 2016 Feb 16.
• Much of the current understanding of epilepsy mechanisms has been built on data recorded with one or a few electrodes from temporal lobe slices of normal young animals stimulated with convulsants. Mechanisms of adult, extratemporal, neocortical chronic epilepsy have not been characterized as much. A
• PMID 26892299

• Blood brain barrier breakdown was found in non-infarcted area after 2-h MCAO.

• Wang X1, Liu Y1, Sun Y1, Liu W2, Jin X3.
• Journal of the neurological sciences.J Neurol Sci.2016 Apr 15;363:63-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2016.02.035. Epub 2016 Feb 16.
• The blood brain barrier (BBB) could be damaged within the thrombolytic time window and is considered to be a precursor to hemorrhagic transformation during reperfusion. Although we have recently reported the association between BBB damage and tissue injury within the thrombolytic time window, our kn
• PMID 27000223

Japanese Journal

• Industrial Info. モルモット脳切片標本を用いたアートセレブ脳脊髄手術用洗浄灌流液の評価

• 藤田 泰毅,岡野 一彦,内藤 真策
• 細胞 44(3), 136-142, 2012-03-00
• NAID 40019336377

• Evaluation of the Relative Biological Effectiveness of Carbon Ion Beams in the Cerebellum Using the Rat Organotypic Slice Culture System

• YOSHIDA Yukari,SUZUKI Yoshiyuki,AL-JAHDARI Wael S. [他],HAMADA Nobuyuki,FUNAYAMA Tomoo,SHIRAI Katsuyuki,KATOH Hiroyuki,SAKASHITA Tetsuya,KOBAYASHI Yasuhiko,NAKANO Takashi
• Journal of radiation research 53(1), 87-92, 2012-01-16
• … To clarify the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) values of carbon ion (C) beams in normal brain tissues, a rat organotypic slice culture system was used. … This system represents a useful model for assaying the biological effects of radiation on the brain, especially physiological and time-dependent phenomena. …
• NAID 10030023646

• ラクナ梗塞自動検出におけるSVMとスライス関連性を用いた過剰検出抑制に関する研究(頭部画像解析,ポスターティーザー2,統計モデルとその応用,医用画像一般)

• 潟山 一樹,鹿嶋 雅之,佐藤 公則 [他],渡邊 睦,宮之原 正和
• 電子情報通信学会技術研究報告. MI, 医用画像 111(389), 371-376, 2012-01-12
• 脳梗塞の診断は重要であるが,医学的知識と経験によるところが大きく,客観性・定量性に乏しい.そこで本研究では,一般病院で普及しているCT画像から日本人の脳梗塞の代表であるラクナ梗塞を自動検出することによる診断支援を目的とした.まず頭蓋骨(前頭稜と内後頭隆起)を用いて撮影時の回転補正を行う.次に各スライス画像を合成して疑似3Dデータを生成し,LevelSet法を用いて検出対象領域の抽出を行う.この検出 …
• NAID 110009481670

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「脳切片」「脳スライス」
関連記事	「slice」「brain」

「脳切片」

　　[★]

英

brain slice

関

脳スライス

「脳スライス」

　　[★]

英

brain slice

関

脳切片

「slice」

　　[★]

• スライス、切片、スライスする

関

intercept、section

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「brain」

　　[★] 脳