WordNet

make ones way by force; "He muscled his way into the office"
animal tissue consisting predominantly of contractile cells (同)muscular_tissue
one of the contractile organs of the body (同)musculus
authority or power or force (especially when used in a coercive way); "the senators used their muscle to get the party leader to resign"

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉(動物体の組織としての)『筋肉』,筋(きん);〈C〉(体の各部を動かす)筋肉 / 〈U〉力,(特に)筋力,腕力 / 《俗に》(…に)強引に割り込む《+『in on』(『into, through』)+『名』》
筋肉の,筋力のある / 力ずくの

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/06/05 16:48:38」(JST)

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The brachioradialis is a muscle of the forearm that flexes the forearm at the elbow. It is also capable of both pronation and supination, depending on the position of the forearm. It is attached to the distal styloid process of the radius by way of the brachioradialis tendon, and to the lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus.

Structure

Innervation

Despite the bulk of the muscle body being visible from the anterior aspect of the forearm, the brachioradialis is a posterior compartment muscle and consequently is innervated by the radial nerve. Of the muscles that receive innervation from the radial nerve, it is one of only four that receive input directly from the radial nerve. The other three are the triceps, anconeus, and extensor carpi radialis longus. (All other posterior compartment muscles that receive radial innervation are supplied by the deep branch of the radial nerve.)^{[citation needed]}

Function

The brachioradialis flexes the forearm at the elbow. When the forearm is pronated, the brachioradialis tends to supinate as it flexes. In a supinated position, it tends to pronate as it flexes. This also assists the biceps brachii.

The brachioradialis is a stronger elbow flexor when the forearm is in a midposition between supination and pronation at the radioulnar joint. When pronated, the brachioradialis is more active during elbow flexion since the biceps brachii is in a mechanical disadvantage.

With the insertion of the muscle so far from the fulcrum of the elbow, the brachioradialis does not generate as much joint torque as the brachialis or the biceps. It is effective mainly when those muscles have already partially flexed at the elbow. The brachioradialis flexes the forearm at the elbow, especially when quick movement is required and when a weight is lifted during slow flexion of the forearm.

The muscle is used to stabilize the elbow during rapid flexion and extension while in a midposition, such as in hammering. The brachioradialis is synergistic with the brachialis and biceps brachii; the triceps brachii and anconeus are antagonistic.^[1]^[2]

History

Supination of the forearm being attributed to a function of the brachioradialis was originally hypothesized by Leonardo da Vinci. He expressed the original idea of the biceps acting as a supinator in a series of annotated drawings made between 1505 and 1510 (referred to as his Milanese period); in which the principle of the biceps as a supinator, as well as its role as a flexor to the elbow were devised. However, this function remained undiscovered by the medical community as da Vinci was not regarded as a teacher of anatomy, nor were his results publicly released. It was not until 1713 that this movement was re-discovered by William Cheselden and subsequently recorded for the medical community. It was rewritten several times by different authors wishing to present information to different audiences. The most notable recent expansion upon Cheselden's recordings was written by Guillaume Duchenne in 1867, in a journal named Physiology of Motion. To this day it remains one of the major references on supination action of the biceps brachii.^{[citation needed]}

Additional images

Left humerus. Anterior view.

Bones of left forearm. Anterior aspect.

Front of the left forearm. Superficial muscles.

Posterior surface of the forearm. Superficial muscles.

The radial artery.

The radial and ulnar arteries.

Ulnar and radial arteries. Deep view.

Nerves of the left upper extremity.

Brachioradialis

Brachioradialis, lateral view

References

^ Bowden, Bradley S. Bowden, Joan M. An Illustrated Atlas of Skeletal Muscles. 2nd ed. 2002
^ Saladin, Kenneth S. Anatomy & Physiology. 4th ed. 2007

External links

Origin, insertion and nerve supply of the muscle at Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine
UWASH brachioradialis
SUNY Figs 07:01-09 - "Transverse section through the left arm just proximal to the elbow."
SUNY Figs 07:03-07 - "Superficial muscles of the anterior (flexor) compartment of the left forearm."
SUNY Figs 09:02-02 - "Superficial muscles of the posterior (extensor) compartment of the left forearm."
lesson5musofpostforearm at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University)

UpToDate Contents

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1. 末梢神経疾患および筋疾患の鑑別診断 differential diagnosis of peripheral nerve and muscle disease
2. 筋力低下の評価における筋力検査 muscle examination in the evaluation of weakness
3. 慢性閉塞性肺疾患（COPD）における呼吸筋のトレーニングおよび安静 respiratory muscle training and resting in copd
4. 筋力低下患者へのアプローチ approach to the patient with muscle weakness
5. 筋肉におけるエネルギー代謝 energy metabolism in muscle

English Journal

Velocity recovery cycles of human muscle action potentials: Repeatability and variability.

Z'graggen WJ, Troller R, Ackermann KA, Humm AM, Bostock H.SourceDepartment of Neurosurgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Switzerland.
Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology.Clin Neurophysiol.2011 Nov;122(11):2294-9. Epub 2011 May 8.
OBJECTIVE: Velocity recovery cycles (VRCs) of human muscle action potentials have been proposed as a new technique for assessing muscle membrane function in myopathies. This study was undertaken to determine the variability and repeatability of VRC measures such as supernormality, to help guide futu
PMID 21555240

In Vivo Measurements of Moment Arm Lengths of Three Elbow Flexors at Rest and During Isometric Contractions.

Akagi R, Iwanuma S, Hashizume S, Kanehisa H, Yanai T, Kawakami Y.SourceDepartment of Sports Sciences, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.
Journal of applied biomechanics.J Appl Biomech.2011 Oct 3. [Epub ahead of print]
The purpose of this study was to determine in vivo moment arm lengths (MAs) of three elbow flexors at rest and during low- and relatively high-intensity contractions, and to examine the contraction intensity dependence of MAs at different joint positions. At 50°, 80° and 110° of elbow flexion, MA
PMID 21975033

Japanese Journal

伝統技法における技能伝達のための暗黙知抽出に関する研究(人工現実感、及び一般)

伊東里香,檜山敦,並木秀俊,宮下真理子,谷川智洋,宮廻正明,廣瀬通孝
映像情報メディア学会技術報告 33(21), 123-127, 2009-06-08
熟練者の技法を効率よく伝達する手法を解明することは少子高齢化社会において重要である.しかし多くの技法は外界から観察可能部に留まらず、動作の内側の暗黙知も身につけて洗練される。本研究では技術伝達の難しさから後継者不足が心配される伝統工芸、截金に注目し、暗黙知の主観的な部分について解明すべく熟練者と非熟練者の筋電、呼吸を計測し比べ、外界からは知ることのできない技能者の力の入れ具合、緊張などの内的な状態 …
NAID 110007360815

伝統技法における技能伝達のための暗黙知抽出に関する研究(人工現実感,及び一般)

伊東里香,檜山敦,並木秀俊,宮下真理子,谷川智洋,宮廻正明,廣瀬通孝
電子情報通信学会技術研究報告. MVE, マルチメディア・仮想環境基礎 109(75), 123-127, 2009-06-01
熟練者の技法を効率よく伝達する手法を解明することは少子高齢化社会において重要である.しかし多くの技法は外界から観察可能部に留まらず、動作の内側の暗黙知も身につけて洗練される。本研究では技術伝達の難しさから後継者不足が心配される伝統工芸、截金に注目し、暗黙知の主観的な部分について解明すべく熟練者と非熟練者の筋電、呼吸を計測し比べ、外界からは知ることのできない技能者の力の入れ具合、緊張などの内的な状態 …
NAID 110007360569

「腕橈骨筋」

Brachioradial muscle
	Anterior view of muscles of the left forearm with Brachioradialis shown in blue.
	Cross-section through the middle of the forearm. (Brachioradialis labeled at center left, sixth from the top.)
Latin	musculus brachioradialis
Gray's	p.451
Origin	Lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus
Insertion	Distal radius (Radial styloid process)
Artery	radial recurrent artery
Nerve	radial nerve
Actions	Flexion of Elbow
	Anatomical terms of muscle