急速投与量、大量瞬時投与量

WordNet

travel or traverse (a distance); "This car does 150 miles per hour"; "We did 6 miles on our hike every day"
the syllable naming the first (tonic) note of any major scale in solmization (同)doh, ut
proceed or get along; "How is she doing in her new job?"; "How are you making out in graduate school?"; "Hes come a long way" (同)fare, make_out, come, get along
create or design, often in a certain way; "Do my room in blue"; "I did this piece in wood to express my love for the forest" (同)make
carry on or function; "We could do with a little more help around here" (同)manage
get (something) done; "I did my job" (同)perform
treat with an agent; add (an agent) to; "The ray dosed the paint"
the quantity of an active agent (substance or radiation) taken in or absorbed at any one time (同)dosage
a measured portion of medicine taken at any one time (同)dosage
a small round soft mass (as of chewed food)
a large pill; used especially in veterinary medicine
treated with some kind of application; "a mustache dosed with bear grease"

PrepTutorEJDIC

《疑問文・否定文を作る》 / 《否定命令文を作る》 / 《助動詞とbe動詞のどちらも含まない文に用いて付加疑問を作る》 / 《強意語として》 / 《文》《助動詞とbe動詞のどちらも含まない文に用いて倒置文を作る》 / 《あいづちを打つ場合に》 / 《先行する動詞またはそれを含む述部の代用》 / 《so,nor,neitherで始まる簡略文で》 / …‘を'『する』,行う,果たす / 《通例have done,時にbe doneの形で》…‘を'『終える』,済ませる / …‘を'作る,作り出す / …‘を'『処理する』,整える,片付ける / 〈学課〉‘を'『勉強する』,専攻する / 〈利益・害など〉‘を'与える,もたらす / 〈人〉‘に'『役立つ』,用が足りる(serve) / …の速度で進む,距離を行く / …‘を'見物する / 〈劇〉‘を'上演する;…‘の'役を演じる / …の役目(仕事)をする / 《おもに英》…‘を'だます,かつぐ / 《話》…をへとへとにさせる / 『する』;活動する / 《通例have done,時にbe doneの形で》(…を)『終える』,済ます《+『with』+『名』》 / 〈事が〉『運ぶ』;〈人が〉暮らしていく,健康である / 〈物が〉(…に)『間に合う』,十分である;〈人が〉(…に)役に立つ,向く《+『for』+『名』》 / 《複数形で》すべきこと / 〈C〉《おもに英》大宴会,大パーティー / 〈C〉《英話》詐欺,ぺてん
ド(全音階の第1音)
(おもに飲み薬1回分の)『服用量』 / (痛いこと・いやなことの)1回分,一定量 / (人などが受ける放射線の)線量 / 性病 / (…を)…‘に'投薬する,服用させる《+『名』+『with』+『名』》
(動物用の)大きい丸薬 / かみこなれた食物の丸い固まり

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/10/30 18:56:24」(JST)

wiki en

In medicine, a bolus (from Latin bolus, ball) is the administration of a medication, drug or other compound that is given to raise its concentration in blood to an effective level. The administration can be given intravenously, by intramuscular, intrathecal or subcutaneous injection.

Bolus placement[edit]

The placement of the bolus dose depends on the systemic levels of the contents desired throughout the body. An intramuscular injection of vaccines allows for a slow release of the antigen to stimulate the body's immune system and to allow time for developing antibodies. Subcutaneous injections are used by heroin addicts (called 'skin popping', referring to the bump formed by the bolus of heroin), to sustain a slow release that staves off withdrawal symptoms without producing euphoria.^[1]

A bolus delivered directly to the veins through an intravenous drip allows a much faster delivery which quickly raises the concentration of the substance in the blood to an effective level. This is typically done at the beginning of a treatment or after a removal of medicine from blood (e.g. through dialysis).

Diabetes[edit]

Diabetics and health care professionals use bolus to refer to a dosage of fast-acting insulin with a meal (as opposed to basal rate, which is a dose of slow-acting insulin or the continuous pumping of a small quantity of fast-acting insulin to cover the glucose output of the liver).^[2]

Veterinary medicine[edit]

In veterinary medicine a bolus is a large time-release tablet that stays in the rumen of cattle, goats and sheep. It can also refer to a dose of liquid injected subcutaneously with a hypodermic needle, such as saline solution administered either to counteract dehydration or especially to mitigate kidney failure, a common ailment in domestic cats. Before it is fully absorbed, which can take several minutes or longer, the liquid remains in the form of a bolus, a ball or lump under the animal's skin.

Radiation therapy[edit]

In Radiation therapy, bolus is a waxy tissue equivalent material placed on the skin surface to homogenize or modulate the range of the dose from external beams of radiation. See: Bolus (radiation therapy).

References[edit]

Look up bolus in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

^ "HIV/AIDS Program: Muscling and skin popping" (html) (in english). Seattle and King County Public Health Department. 2003-11-19. Archived from the original on 2002-06-12. Retrieved 2007-10-30.
^ "Insulin Pump Terminology". 2007. Retrieved 2007-07-13.

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English Journal

Perioperative low-dose ketamine improves postoperative analgesia following Cesarean delivery with general anesthesia.

Haliloglu M1, Ozdemir M2, Uzture N1, Cenksoy PO3, Bakan N2.
The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians.J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med.2016 Mar;29(6):962-6. doi: 10.3109/14767058.2015.1027190. Epub 2015 Sep 25.
OBJECTIVE: In this study, the effect of perioperative uses of low dose ketamine on post-operative wound pain and analgesic consumption in patients undergoing elective Cesarean section was evaluated.METHODS: In randomized, double blind clinical trial, 52 women with American Society of Anesthesiologis
PMID 25845277

Intravenous Lipid Emulsion Therapy for Severe Diphenhydramine Toxicity: A Randomized, Controlled Pilot Study in a Swine Model.

Varney SM1, Bebarta VS2, Boudreau SM3, Vargas TE4, Castaneda M3, Zarzabal LA5.
Annals of emergency medicine.Ann Emerg Med.2016 Feb;67(2):196-205.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2015.05.028. Epub 2015 Jul 9.
STUDY OBJECTIVE: Diphenhydramine is a moderately lipophilic antihistamine with sodium channel blockade properties. It is consumed recreationally for mild hallucinogenic and hypnotic effects and causes dysrhythmias, seizures, and death with overdose. Intravenous lipid emulsion is a novel agent used t
PMID 26164644

Pharmacological Evidence that Histamine H3 Receptors Mediate Histamine-Induced Inhibition of the Vagal Bradycardic Out-flow in Pithed Rats.

García M1, García-Pedraza JÁ1, Villalón CM2, Morán A1.
Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology.Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol.2016 Feb;118(2):113-21. doi: 10.1111/bcpt.12475. Epub 2015 Sep 14.
In vivo stimulation of cardiac vagal neurons induces bradycardia by acetylcholine (ACh) release. As vagal release of ACh may be modulated by autoreceptors (muscarinic M2 ) and heteroreceptors (including serotonin 5-HT1 ), this study has analysed the pharmacological profile of the receptors involved
PMID 26301462

Japanese Journal

Evaluation and Examination of Accuracy for the Conversion Factors of Effective Dose per Dose–Length Product

小林正尚,大塚智子,鈴木昇一
日本放射線技術学会雑誌 69(1), 19-27, 2013
… The dose length product (DLP) used the value displayed on the console on each scanning condition. … This paper reported that the effective doses evaluated from conversion coefficient became different by 0.3 mSv (17%) compared with measurements, the effective dose computed with the conversion coefficient of the adult chest may be underestimated by 45%, and the bolus-tracking which scans the narrow beams should not use a conversion coefficient. …
NAID 130003367615

Effect of a Single Bolus Injection of Low-Dose Hydrocortisone for Prevention of Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence After Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation

Won Hoyoun,Kim Jong-Youn,Shim Jaemin,Uhm Jae-Sun,Pak Hui-Nam,Lee Moon-Hyoung,Joung Boyoung
Circulation Journal 77(1), 53-59, 2013
… In this study, we evaluated whether low-dose hydrocortisone is effective for the prevention of AF recurrence after radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA). … Methods and Results: We enrolled 89 AF patients (70 males, 55.8±10.9 years) who underwent RF ablation and were treated with single bolus injection of 100mg hydrocorticosteroid (corticosteroid group). …
NAID 130001870113

Comparison of the injection frequencies employed and basal-to-total insulin dose ratios obtained when glargine and detemir are used in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus treated by basal-bolus therapy

Urakami Tatsuhiko,Kuwabara Remi,Habu Masako [他],KOMIYA Kei,NAGANO Nobuhiko,SUZUKI Junichi,MUGISHIMA Hideo
Diabetology international 3(2), 75-79, 2012-06-01
NAID 10031117470