WordNet

smear with blood, as in a hunting initiation rite, where the face of a person is smeared with the blood of the kill
temperament or disposition; "a person of hot blood"
people viewed as members of a group; "we need more young blood in this organization"
the fluid (red in vertebrates) that is pumped through the body by the heart and contains plasma, blood cells, and platelets; "blood carries oxygen and nutrients to the tissues and carries away waste products"; "the ancients believed that blood was the sea
cover with blood; "bloody your hands"
having or covered with or accompanied by blood; "a bloody nose"; "your scarf is all bloody"; "the effects will be violent and probably bloody"; "a bloody fight"
extremely; "you are bloody right"; "Why are you so all-fired aggressive?" (同)damn, all-fired

PrepTutorEJDIC

『血』,『血』液 / 流血(bloodshed);殺人 / 気質,気性,血気,血潮 / 『血統』,血縁(kinship);生まれ,家柄;《the~》王家の血統 / (人種・出身国の)系 / 〈人〉‘に'初めての経験をさせる / 〈猟犬〉‘に'初めて獲物を血を味わわせる
『出血している』(bleeding) / 『血まみれの』,血でよごれた / 血なまぐさい,残酷な / 《英俗》ひどい,忌まわしい(damned) / ひどく(damned) / …'を'血まみれにする
つば,たん

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/12/04 14:16:11」(JST)

wiki en

Hemoptysis^[a] or haemoptysis is the act of coughing up blood or blood-stained mucus from the bronchi, larynx, trachea, or lungs. This can occur with lung cancer, infections such as tuberculosis, bronchitis, or pneumonia, and certain cardiovascular conditions. Hemoptysis is considered massive if there is more than 300mL of blood lost in 24 hours. In such cases, the primary danger comes from choking, rather than blood loss. ^[1]

Differential diagnosis

There are many conditions involving hemoptysis, including but not limited to bronchitis and pneumonia most commonly, but also lung cancers (in smokers, hemoptysis is often persistent), aspergilloma, tuberculosis, bronchiectasis, coccidioidomycosis, pulmonary embolism, pneumonic plague, and cystic fibrosis. Rarer causes include hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT or Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome), Goodpasture's syndrome, and granulomatosis with polyangiitis. In children, hemoptysis is commonly caused by the presence of a foreign body in the airway. The condition can also result from over-anticoagulation from treatment by drugs such as warfarin.

Blood-laced mucus from the sinus or nose area can sometimes be misidentified as symptomatic of hemoptysis (such secretions can be a sign of nasal or sinus cancer, but also a sinus infection). Extensive non-respiratory injury can also cause one to cough up blood. Cardiac causes like congestive heart failure and mitral stenosis should be ruled out.

The origin of blood can be identified by observing its color. Bright-red, foamy blood comes from the respiratory tract, whereas dark-red, coffee-colored blood comes from the gastrointestinal tract. Sometimes hemoptysis may be rust-colored.

The most common cause of minor hemoptysis is bronchitis.^[2]

Lung cancer, including both non-small cell lung carcinoma and small cell lung carcinoma.^[3]^[4]
Sarcoidosis^[5]
Aspergilloma^[6]
Tuberculosis^[7]
Histoplasmosis^[8]
Pneumonia
Pulmonary edema
Pulmonary embolism
Foreign body aspiration and aspiration pneumonia
Goodpasture's syndrome^[9]
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis^[10]
Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome)
Bronchitis^[11]
Bronchiectasis^[11]
Pulmonary embolism^[12]
Anticoagulant use^[12]
Trauma^[12]
Lung abscess^[12]
Mitral stenosis
Tropical eosinophilia
Bleeding disorders
Hughes-Stovin Syndrome and other variants of Behçet's disease

Diagnosis

Diagnostic approach to solving the puzzle of hemoptysis.

Past history, history of present illness, family history
- history of tuberculosis, bronchiectasis, chronic bronchitis, mitral stenosis, etc.
- history of cigarette smoking, occupational diseases by exposure to silica dust, etc.
Blood
- duration, frequency, amount
- Amounts of blood: large amounts of blood, or is there blood-streaked sputum
- Probable source of bleeding: Is the blood coughed up, or vomited?
Bloody sputum
- color, characters: blood-streaked, fresh blood, frothy pink, bloody gelatinous.
Accompanying symptoms
- fever, chest pain, coughing, purulent sputum, mucocutaneous bleeding, jaundice.
Imaging examination
- chest X-ray, CT scan and 3D reconstruction images or CT virtual bronchoscopy, bronchial angiography.
Laboratory tests
- blood test: WBC
- Sputum: cells and bacterial examinations, sputum culture
Bronchial fiber endoscopy^[13]

Treatment

Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Treatments include iced saline, and topical vasoconstrictors such as adrenalin or vasopressin. Selective bronchial intubation can be used to collapse the lung that is bleeding. Also, endobronchial tamponade can be used. Laser photocoagulation can be used to stop bleeding during bronchoscopy. Angiography of bronchial arteries can be performed to locate the bleeding, and it can often be embolized.^[14] Surgical option is usually the last resort, and can involve, removal of a lung lobe or removal of the entire lung. Non–small-cell lung cancer can also be treated with erlotinib or gefitinib.^[15] Cough suppressants can increase the risk of choking. ^[16]

Notes

^ Pronounced /hɨˈmɒptɨsɪs/ and also known as emptysis.

References

^ Sabatine, [edited by] Marc S. (2014). Pocket medicine (Fifth edition. ed.). [S.l.]: Aspen Publishers, Inc. ISBN 1451193785.
^ Sabatine, [edited by] Marc S. (2014). Pocket medicine (Fifth edition. ed.). [S.l.]: Aspen Publishers, Inc. ISBN 1451193785.
^ Google Health â€“ Google
^ Google Health â€“ Google
^ Sarcoidosis Signs & Symptoms - Sarcoidosis - HealthCommunities.com
^ MedlinePlus Encyclopedia Pulmonary aspergilloma
^ Google Health â€“ Google
^ Histoplasmosis Symptoms - Diseases and Conditions - Mayo Clinic
^ Pediatric Goodpasture Syndrome at eMedicine
^ Wegener's granulomatosis Symptoms - Diseases and Conditions - Mayo Clinic
^ ^a ^b Hemoptysis Causes - Hemoptysis - HealthCommunities.com
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Other Causes of Hemoptysis - Hemoptysis - HealthCommunities.com
^ Richard F.LeBlond. Diagnostics. US: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ISBN 0-07-140923-8.
^ Uppsala Academic Hospital > Guidelines for treatment of acute lung diseases. August 2004. Authors: Christer Hanson, Carl-Axel Karlsson, Mary Kämpe, Kristina Lamberg, Eva Lindberg, Lavinia Machado Boman, Gunnemar Stålenheim
^ Welcome to Elgg
^ Sabatine, [edited by] Marc S. (2014). Pocket medicine (Fifth edition. ed.). [S.l.]: Aspen Publishers, Inc. ISBN 1451193785.

External links

Haemoptysis at GPnotebook

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 成人における喀血の病因および評価 etiology and evaluation of hemoptysis in adults
2. 小児における喀血 hemoptysis in children
3. 細菌性肺炎の評価のための喀痰培養 sputum cultures for the evaluation of bacterial pneumonia
4. 成人における市中肺炎に対する診断的アプローチ diagnostic approach to community acquired pneumonia in adults
5. 救急外来における呼吸困難の成人の評価 evaluation of the adult with dyspnea in the emergency department

English Journal

Massive Hemoptysis.

Rali P1, Gandhi V, Tariq C.
Critical care nursing quarterly.Crit Care Nurs Q.2016 Apr-Jun;39(2):139-47. doi: 10.1097/CNQ.0000000000000107.
Hemoptysis, or coughing of blood, oftentimes triggers anxiety and fear for patients. The etiology of hemoptysis will determine the clinical course, which includes watchful waiting or intensive care admission. Any amount of hemoptysis that compromises the patient's respiratory status is considered ma
PMID 26919675

Massive hemoptysis in Loeys-Dietz syndrome.

Bennett CL1,2,3, Aziz H3, Sparks E3, Shah T4, Yoder M4, MacCarrick G3, Dietz HC2,3.
American journal of medical genetics. Part A.Am J Med Genet A.2016 Mar;170(3):725-7. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37487. Epub 2015 Nov 27.
We describe four unrelated individuals with Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) who presented with massive hemoptysis of unknown etiology. LDS is an autosomal dominant connective-tissue disorder characterized by altered cardiovascular, craniofacial, and skeletal development that is attributed to mutations in
PMID 26614122

Clinical results of photodynamic therapy in tracheobronchial malignancy.

Yi E1, Chang JE1, Leem C2, Kim S1, Jheon S3.
Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology.J Photochem Photobiol B.2016 Mar;156:56-60. doi: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.10.009. Epub 2015 Oct 22.
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been adopted as an alternative therapy for lung cancer patients who could not receive surgery due to their poor condition. It also has expanded its roles in lung cancer treatment for palliative treatment for increasing symptoms. We retrospectively reviewed medical reco
PMID 26851709

Japanese Journal

症例血痰を主訴としたStreptococcus parasanguinisに関連した肺楔形病変の1例

感染症学雑誌 = The journal of the Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases 90(3), 316-320, 2016-05
NAID 40020872665

急速な病状悪化を示したG-CSF産生肺癌の2例

肺癌 56(3), 227-231, 2016
NAID 130005163237

迅速な気道確保を必要とした気管支鏡下生検による気道出血

気管支学 38(3), 195-200, 2016
NAID 130005156628

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「血痰」
関連記事	「bloody」「blood」

「血痰」

Hemoptysis
Classification and external resources
Specialty	Pulmonology
ICD-10	R04.2
ICD-9-CM	786.30
DiseasesDB	5578
MedlinePlus	003073
Patient UK	Hemoptysis
MeSH	D006469

　　[★]

英: bloody sputum, hemosputum
関: 喀痰

概念

下気道由来の血液が混じる痰であり、血液の色を帯びるか血線を伴う痰のこと。

病因

肺癌、肺アスペルギローマ、結核、気管支拡張症
その他、喉頭炎、気管支炎、肺炎など

症状からアプローチするプライマリケア

気道病変	気管支炎気管支拡張症腫瘍気道異物気道損傷気管支血管瘻
肺実質病変	肺感染症免疫異常肺挫傷
肺血管性出血	肺動静脈瘻肺血栓塞栓症拝上脈圧上昇血管カテーテル時の肺血管損傷
その他	子宮内膜症凝固異常医原性特発性

「bloody」

　　[★]

adj.

観血的な

関: invasive、invasively

「blood」

　　[★] 血液

[1] Pronounced /hɨˈmɒptɨsɪs/ and also known as emptysis.

[2] Sabatine, [edited by] Marc S. (2014). Pocket medicine (Fifth edition. ed.). [S.l.]: Aspen Publishers, Inc. ISBN 1451193785.

[3] Sabatine, [edited by] Marc S. (2014). Pocket medicine (Fifth edition. ed.). [S.l.]: Aspen Publishers, Inc. ISBN 1451193785.

[4] Google Health â€“ Google

[5] Google Health â€“ Google

[6] Sarcoidosis Signs & Symptoms - Sarcoidosis - HealthCommunities.com

[7] MedlinePlus Encyclopedia Pulmonary aspergilloma

[8] Google Health â€“ Google

[9] Histoplasmosis Symptoms - Diseases and Conditions - Mayo Clinic

[10] Pediatric Goodpasture Syndrome at eMedicine

[11] Wegener's granulomatosis Symptoms - Diseases and Conditions - Mayo Clinic

[pulmonologychannel.com-12] Hemoptysis Causes - Hemoptysis - HealthCommunities.com

[pulmonologychannel-13] Other Causes of Hemoptysis - Hemoptysis - HealthCommunities.com

[14] Richard F.LeBlond. Diagnostics. US: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ISBN 0-07-140923-8.

[uppsala-15] Uppsala Academic Hospital > Guidelines for treatment of acute lung diseases. August 2004. Authors: Christer Hanson, Carl-Axel Karlsson, Mary Kämpe, Kristina Lamberg, Eva Lindberg, Lavinia Machado Boman, Gunnemar Stålenheim

[16] Welcome to Elgg

[17] Sabatine, [edited by] Marc S. (2014). Pocket medicine (Fifth edition. ed.). [S.l.]: Aspen Publishers, Inc. ISBN 1451193785.

匿名

検索

案内

案内

bloody sputum