WordNet

a relative amount; "mix one volume of the solution with ten volumes of water"
the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object; "the gas expanded to twice its original volume"
the magnitude of sound (usually in a specified direction); "the kids played their music at full volume" (同)loudness, intensity
a publication that is one of a set of several similar publications; "the third volume was missing"; "he asked for the 1989 volume of the Annual Review"
smear with blood, as in a hunting initiation rite, where the face of a person is smeared with the blood of the kill
temperament or disposition; "a person of hot blood"
people viewed as members of a group; "we need more young blood in this organization"
the fluid (red in vertebrates) that is pumped through the body by the heart and contains plasma, blood cells, and platelets; "blood carries oxygen and nutrients to the tissues and carries away waste products"; "the ancients believed that blood was the sea
furnished with volumes; "a large room volumed with ancient books"
(often used in combination) consisting of or having a given number or kind of volumes; "the poets volumed works"; "a two-volumed history"; "multi-volumed encyclopedias"; "large-volumed editions"
formed or rising in rounded masses; "gasping with the volumed smoke"

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈C〉(特に分厚い)『本』,書物 / 〈C〉(シリーズものの)『巻』,冊(《略》(単数形で)vol.,(複数形で)vols.) / 〈U〉(…の)『体積』,容積《+of+名》 / 〈U〉〈C〉)…の)『量』,かさ《+of+名》 / 〈U〉(…の)『音量』,音の強さ,ボリューム《+of+名》 / 《複数形で》多量(の…),たくさん(の…)《+of+名》
『血』,『血』液 / 流血(bloodshed);殺人 / 気質,気性,血気,血潮 / 『血統』,血縁(kinship);生まれ,家柄;《the~》王家の血統 / (人種・出身国の)系 / 〈人〉‘に'初めての経験をさせる / 〈猟犬〉‘に'初めて獲物を血を味わわせる
純血の,純種の / 《複合語を作って》「…の血(性質)を持った」の意を表す

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/09/08 23:39:14」(JST)

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Blood volume is the volume of blood (both red blood cells and plasma) in the circulatory system of any individual.

Humans

A typical adult has a blood volume of approximately 5 liters, with females generally having less blood volume than males.^[1] Blood volume is regulated by the kidneys.

Blood volume (BV) can be calculated given the hematocrit (HC; the fraction of blood that is red blood cells) and plasma volume (PV):

Blood volume measurement may be used in people with congestive heart failure, chronic hypertension, renal failure and critical care.

The use of relative blood volume changes during dialysis is of questionable utility.^[2]

Total Blood Volume can be measured manually via the Dual Isotope or Dual Tracer Technique, a classic technique, available since the 1950's.^[3] This technique requires double labeling of the blood; that is 2 injections and 2 standards (51Cr-RBC for tagging red blood cells and I-HAS for tagging plasma volume)as well as withdrawing and re-infusing patients with their own blood for blood volume analysis results. This method may take up to 6 hours for accurate results.

Blood Volume may also be measured semi-automatically in under one hour by the BVA-100 (FDA approved), reporting Total Blood Volume (TBV), Plasma Volume (PV) and Red Cell Volume (RCV) using the indicator dilution principle, microhematocrit centrifugation and the Ideal Height and Weight Method.^[3] The indicator or tracer, is an I-131 albumin injection. An equal amount of the tracer is injected into a known and unknown volume. Clinically, the unknown volume is the patient’s blood volume, with the tracer having been injected into the patient’s blood stream and tagged to the blood plasma. Once the tracer is injected a technician takes five blood samples which undergo microhematocrit centrifugation to extrapolate true blood volume at time 0. The concentration of the I-131in the blood is determined from the blood radioactivity against the standard which has a known I-131 dilution in a known volume. The unknown volume is inversely proportional to the concentration of the indicator in the known volume; the larger the unknown volume, the lower the tracer concentration, thus the unknown volume can be calculated. The microhematocrit data along with the I-131 indicator data provide a normalized hematocrit number, more accurate than hematocrit or peripheral hematocrit measurements.^[4] Measurements are taken 5 times in 6 minute intervals so that the BVA-100 can calculate the albumin transudation time to understand the flux of liquid through capillary membranes.

Other animals

Animal	Blood volume (ml/kg)^[5]
Cat	55 (47-66)
Cow	55 (52-57)^[6]
Dog	86 (79-90)
Ferret	75
Gerbil	67
Goat	70
Guinea pig	75 (67-92)
Hamster	78
Horse	76
Human	77
Monkey (rhesus)	54
Mouse	79 (78-80)
Pig	65
Rabbit	56 (44-70)
Rat	64 (50-70)
Sheep	60
Marmoset	60-70^[7]

The table at right shows circulating blood volumes, given as volume per kilogram, for healthy adults and some animals.^[5] However, it can be 15% less in obese and old animals.^[5]

References

^ Lee, Lan Na (1998). "Volume of Blood in a Human". The Physics Factbook.
^ Dasselaar, JJ; van der Sande, FM; Franssen, CF (2012). "Critical evaluation of blood volume measurements during hemodialysis.". Blood purification 33 (1-3): 177–82. PMID 22269777.
^ ^a ^b Yu, Mihae (2011). "A Prospective Randomized Trial Using Blood Volume Analysis in Addition to Pumonary Artery Catheter, Compared with Pulmonary Catheter Alone, to Guide Shock Resuscitation in Critically Ill Surgical Patients". Shock 35 (3): 220–228.
^ Park, Junki; Puri, Sonika; Mattoo, Aditya; Modersitzki, Frank; Goldfarb, David (2012). "Radioisotope Blood Volume Measurement in Hemodialysis Patients". American Society of Nephrology.
^ ^a ^b ^c A Compendium of Drugs Used for Laboratory Animal Anesthesia, Analgesia, Tranquilization and Restraint at Drexel University College of Medicine. Retrieved April 2011
^ Reynolds, Monica ; Plasma and Blood Volume in the Cow Using the T-1824 Hematocrit Method American Journal of Physiology - June 1953 vol. 173 no. 3 421-427
^ Wolfensohn & Lloyd, 2003, Handbook of Laboratory Animal Management and Welfare, 3rd Edition

External links

http://www.cvphysiology.com/Blood%20Pressure/BP025.htm

This cardiovascular system article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

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1. 水分バランス異常（低ナトリウム血症および高ナトリウム血症）およびナトリウムバランス異常（循環血液量減少および浮腫）の一般原則 general principles of disorders of water balance hyponatremia and hypernatremia and sodium balance hypovolemia and edema
2. 妊娠中の血液学的変化 hematologic changes in pregnancy
3. 幼児および小児における赤血球輸血：適応 red blood cell transfusion in infants and children indications
4. 小児における血液量減少性ショック：初期評価およびマネージメント hypovolemic shock in children initial evaluation and management
5. 大量輸血 massive blood transfusion

English Journal

Efficacy of laparoscopic adenomyomectomy using double-flap method for diffuse uterine adenomyosis.

Huang X1, Huang Q, Chen S, Zhang J, Lin K, Zhang X.
BMC women's health.BMC Womens Health.2015 Dec;15:182. doi: 10.1186/s12905-015-0182-5. Epub 2015 Mar 13.
BACKGROUND: Adenomyomectomy has recently been considered the priority option for the treatment of adenomyosis, however, the surgical efficacy and modes are still debated. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of laparoscopic adenomyomectomy using a double-flap method for the treatment of uterine diffuse
PMID 25783654

Remote ischemic post-conditioning improves neurological function by AQP4 down-regulation in astrocytes.

Li S1, Hu X2, Zhang M3, Zhou F3, Lin N4, Xia Q4, Zhou Y5, Qi W3, Zong Y3, Yang H3, Wang T6.
Behavioural brain research.Behav Brain Res.2015 Aug 1;289:1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.04.024. Epub 2015 Apr 21.
Cerebral ischemia is a primary cause of human death and long-term disability. Previous studies have suggested that remote ischemic post-conditioning (RIPC) is a potential useful tool for cerebral ischemic treatment. However, the protective mechanism of RIPC is not very clear. This study verified the
PMID 25907740