WordNet

any bundle of nerve fibers running to various organs and tissues of the body (同)nervus
of or relating to the armpit; "axillary gland"
of or relating to the axil (同)alar
control of your emotions; "this kind of tension is not good for my nerves"

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈C〉『神経』 / 〈C〉《複数形で》『神経過敏』,いらだち / 〈U〉『勇気』,度胸(courage) / 〈U〉《時にa ~》厚かましさ,ずぶとさ;無礼 / 〈C〉葉脈;(昆虫の)翅脈(しみゃく) / 〈人,特に自分〉‘に'力を与える,‘を'元気づける

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/12/18 17:14:18」(JST)

wiki en

The axillary nerve or the circumflex nerve is a nerve of the human body, that originates from the brachial plexus (upper trunk, posterior division, posterior cord) at the level of the axilla (armpit) and carries nerve fibers from C5 and C6. The axillary nerve travels through the quadrangular space with the posterior circumflex humeral artery and vein.

Muscular and sensory innervation[edit]

The axillary nerve supplies three muscles: deltoid (a muscle of the shoulder), teres minor (one of the rotator cuff muscles), triceps brachii (long head) .^[1]

The axillary nerve also carries sensory information from the shoulder joint, as well as the skin covering the inferior region of the deltoid muscle - the "regimental badge" area (which is innervated by the Superior Lateral Cutaneous Nerve branch of the Axillary nerve).

The posterior cord splits inferiorly to the glenohumeral joint giving rise to the axillary nerve which wraps around the surgical neck of the humerus, and the radial nerve which wraps around the humerus anteriorly and descends along its lateral border.

Branches[edit]

It lies at first behind the axillary artery, and in front of the subscapularis, and passes downward to the lower border of that muscle.

It then winds backward, in company with the posterior humeral circumflex artery, through a quadrilateral space bounded above by the teres minor, below by the teres major, medially by the long head of the triceps brachii, and laterally by the surgical neck of the humerus, and divides into an anterior, a posterior, and a collateral branch to the long head of the triceps brachii branch.

The anterior branch (upper branch) winds around the surgical neck of the humerus, beneath the deltoid, with the posterior humeral circumflex vessels. It continues as far as the anterior border of the deltoid to provide motor innervation. The anterior branch also gives off a few small cutaneous branches, which pierce the muscle and supply in the overlaying skin.

The posterior branch (lower branch) supplies the teres minor and the posterior part of the deltoid. The posterior branch pierces the deep fascia and continues as the superior (or upper) lateral cutaneous nerve of arm, which sweeps around the posterior border of the deltoid and supplies the skin over the lower two-thirds of the posterior part of this muscle, as well as that covering the long head of the triceps brachii.

The motor branch of the long head of the triceps brachii arises, on average, a distance of 6 mm (range 2–12 mm) from the terminal division of the posterior cord termination.^[1]

The trunk of the axillary nerve gives off an articular filament which enters the shoulder-joint below the subscapularis.

Injury[edit]

The axillary nerve may be injured in anterior-inferior dislocations of the shoulder joint, compression of the axilla with a crutch or fracture of the surgical neck of the humerus. An example of injury to the axillary nerve includes axillary nerve palsy. Injury to the nerve results in:

Paralysis of the teres minor muscle and deltoid muscle, resulting in loss of abduction of arm (from 15-90 degrees), weak flexion, extension, and rotation of shoulder. Paralysis of deltoid & teres minor results in Flat shoulder deformity.
Loss of sensation in the skin over a small part of the lateral upper arm (known as the badge patch area).

References[edit]

^ ^a ^b de Se`ze MP, Rezzouk J, de Se`ze M, Uzel M, Lavignolle B, Midy D, Durandeau A (2004). "Does the motor branch of the long head of the triceps brachii arise from the radial nerve?". Surg Radiol Anat 26 (6): 459–461. doi:10.1007/s00276-004-0253-z. PMID 15365769.

Additional images[edit]

Brachial plexus
Brachial plexus with courses of spinal nerves shown
Suprascapular and axillary nerves of right side, seen from behind.
Cutaneous nerves of right upper extremity.
Diagram of segmental distribution of the cutaneous nerves of the right upper extremity.
Back of right upper extremity, showing surface markings for bones and nerves.
Axillary nerve
Axillary nerve
Axillary nerve
Axillary nerve

Gray's Figure 1236: Back of right upper extremity, showing surface markings for bones and nerves with English titling. http://www.bartleby.com/107/illus1236.html

External links[edit]

Duke Orthopedics axillary_nerve
Axillary+nerve at eMedicine Dictionary

This article incorporates text from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy.

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 上肢末梢神経症候群の概要 overview of upper extremity peripheral nerve syndromes
2. 肩関節脱臼および整復 shoulder dislocation and reduction
3. 腕神経叢症候群 brachial plexus syndromes
4. 肩部の身体診察 physical examination of the shoulder
5. 成人における上腕骨近位端骨折 proximal humeral fractures in adults

English Journal

Intercostobrachial nerve handling and pain after axillary lymph node dissection for breast cancer.

Andersen KG1, Aasvang EK, Kroman N, Kehlet H.
Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica.Acta Anaesthesiol Scand.2014 Nov;58(10):1240-8. doi: 10.1111/aas.12393.
BACKGROUND: Moderate to severe pain in the first week after axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) for breast cancer is experienced by approximately 50% of the patients. Damage to the intercostobrachial nerve (ICBN) has been proposed as a risk factor for the development of persistent pain following b
PMID 25307709

Ultrasound-guided block of the suprascapular nerve - a volunteer study of a new proximal approach.

Rothe C1, Steen-Hansen C, Lund J, Jenstrup MT, Lange KH.
Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica.Acta Anaesthesiol Scand.2014 Nov;58(10):1228-32. doi: 10.1111/aas.12392. Epub 2014 Sep 3.
BACKGROUND: The standard approach for the suprascapular nerve block is deep in the supraspinous fossa. However, with this approach, the suprascapular nerve is difficult to visualize by ultrasound. The aim of this study was to describe a new method to visualize and selectively block the suprascapular
PMID 25186626

Robotic Total Thyroidectomy with Modified Radical Neck Dissection via Unilateral Retroauricular Approach.

Byeon HK1, Holsinger FC, Tufano RP, Chung HJ, Kim WS, Koh YW, Choi EC.
Annals of surgical oncology.Ann Surg Oncol.2014 Nov;21(12):3872-5. doi: 10.1245/s10434-014-3896-y. Epub 2014 Sep 17.
BACKGROUND: Traditionally, total thyroidectomy was performed through an open transcervical incision; in cases where there was evident nodal metastasis, the conventional surgical approach was to extend the incision into a large single transverse incision to complete the required neck dissection. Howe
PMID 25227305

Japanese Journal

不安定狭心症患者の橈骨骨接合術を超音波ガイド下腋窩ブロックで管理した1症例

矢鳴智明,重松研二,香取清,仁田原慶一,比嘉和夫
福岡大学医学紀要 38(2), 91-93, 2011-06
NAID 110008447733

乳癌腋窩郭清時の神経損傷 (特集知っておくべき外科手術の神経系合併症--その診断と対策)

園尾博司
臨床外科 66(3), 292-299, 2011-03
NAID 40018721033

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「腋窩神経」
関連記事	「nerve」「axillary」「axilla」

「腋窩神経」

Nerve: Axillary nerve
	Brachial plexus. (Axillary nerve is visible in gray near center.)
	The suprascapular, axillary, and radial nerves. (Axillary labeled at upper right.)
Latin	nervus axillaris
Gray's	subject #210 934
Innervates	deltoid, teres minor, axilla
From	posterior cord (C5, C6)