WordNet

control consisting of a mechanical device for controlling the flow of a fluid
device in a brass wind instrument for varying the length of the air column to alter the pitch of a tone
one of the paired hinged shells of certain molluscs and of brachiopods
the entire one-piece shell of a snail and certain other molluscs
a structure in a hollow organ (like the heart) with a flap to insure one-way flow of fluid through it
not arising from natural growth or characterized by vital processes
artificially formal; "that artificial humility that her husband hated"; "contrived coyness"; "a stilted letter of acknowledgment"; "when people try to correct their speech they develop a stilted pronunciation" (同)contrived, hokey, stilted
contrived by art rather than nature; "artificial flowers"; "artificial flavoring"; "an artificial diamond"; "artificial fibers"; "artificial sweeteners" (同)unreal
(of brass instruments) having valves

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1. 人工心臓弁のある患者における抗血栓療法 antithrombotic therapy in patients with prosthetic heart valves
2. 人工心臓弁のある患者のマネージメント management of patients with prosthetic heart valves
3. 人工心臓弁の合併症 complications of prosthetic heart valves
4. 成人における大動脈弁狭窄症の外科的弁置換術 surgical valve replacement in aortic stenosis in adults
5. 経皮的肺動脈弁移植 percutaneous pulmonic valve implantation

Decellularized GGTA1-KO pig heart valves do not bind preformed human xenoantibodies.

Ramm R1, Niemann H2, Petersen B2, Haverich A1, Hilfiker A3.
Basic research in cardiology.Basic Res Cardiol.2016 Jul;111(4):39. doi: 10.1007/s00395-016-0560-7. Epub 2016 May 6.
Pre-clinical and clinical data have unequivocally demonstrated the usefulness of decellularized heart valve (HV) matrices implanted for HV replacement therapy. However, human donor valves applicable for decellularization are in short supply, which prompts the search for suitable alternatives, such a
PMID 27154491

Defining the clinical need and indications: who are the right patients for transcatheter mitral valve replacement.

Baumgarten H1, Squiers JJ, Arsalan M, John M, Dimaio MJ.
The Journal of cardiovascular surgery.J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino).2016 Jun;57(3):352-9. Epub 2016 Mar 30.
Mitral regurgitation (MR) can be divided into two major etiologies, primary and secondary MR. Primary MR, also termed degenerative or organic MR, is a disease of the valve itself and is treated routinely by surgical repair in all but prohibitive risk patients. In these patients, transcatheter repair
PMID 27028332

Long-term results after treatment of the ascending aorta for bicuspid aortic valve patients.

Matsuyama S1, Nishida T2, Ushijima T1, Tominaga R1.
Surgery today.Surg Today.2016 Jun;46(6):729-34. doi: 10.1007/s00595-015-1274-4. Epub 2015 Nov 12.
PURPOSE: We evaluated the long-term results of aortic valve replacement for bicuspid aortic valve patients with or without surgical treatment of the ascending aorta.METHODS: A total of 145 bicuspid aortic valve patients had undergone aortic valve replacement since 1974 at our institution. No surgica
PMID 26563223

	機械弁	生体弁
種類	二様弁	1. 異種生体弁(ブタ大動脈弁、牛心膜弁) 2. 同種生体弁(大動脈弁置換術のみ) 　→ヒト大動脈弁、自己肺動脈弁
利点	耐久性(10年以上)	・抗血栓療法が不要・自然な弁機能
欠点	血栓予防のために生涯ワーファリンの服用が必要	10年以下(再手術を要する)
適応	普通は機械弁を使用	1. 出産希望 2. 出血性疾患がある症例 3. 小児(自己肺動脈弁)

人工弁(機械弁)は10年以上もつ耐久性があるというメリットがあるが、一方で弁に血栓が形成されないよう生涯にわたって抗血栓薬を服用する必要がある。生体弁は異種生体弁(ブタ大動脈弁、ウシ心膜弁)と同種生体弁(ヒト大動脈弁、自己肺動脈弁)があるが、いずれも抗血栓薬の服用が不要であるというメリットがあり、これは出産を希望している女性、小児、出血性疾患がある症例においては良い適応となる。一方で、耐久性に問題があり、10年を超えると弁機能不全となり交換を要するというデメリットがある。