- 関
- artificial
WordNet
- not according to nature; not by natural means; "artificially induced conditions" (同)unnaturally, by artificial means
- not arising from natural growth or characterized by vital processes
- artificially formal; "that artificial humility that her husband hated"; "contrived coyness"; "a stilted letter of acknowledgment"; "when people try to correct their speech they develop a stilted pronunciation" (同)contrived, hokey, stilted
- contrived by art rather than nature; "artificial flowers"; "artificial flavoring"; "an artificial diamond"; "artificial fibers"; "artificial sweeteners" (同)unreal
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 『人造の』,『人工の』,人為的な / 模造の / 不自然な,見せかけの
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/07/28 08:50:52」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
Artificiality (also called factitiousness) is the state of being the product of intentional human manufacture, rather than occurring naturally. Artificiality often carries with it the implication of being false, counterfeit, or deceptive. The philosopher Aristotle wrote in his Rhetoric:
Naturalness is persuasive, artificiality is the contrary; for our hearers are prejudiced and think we have some design against them, as if we were mixing their wines for them. It is like the difference between the quality of Theodorus' voice and the voices of all other actors: his really seems to be that of the character who is speaking, theirs do not.[1]
However, artificiality does not necessarily have a negative connotation, as it may also reflect the ability of humans to replicate forms or functions arising in nature, as with an artificial heart or artificial intelligence. Political scientist and artificial intelligence expert Herbert A. Simon observes that "some artificial things are imitations of things in nature, and the imitation may use either the same basic materials as those in the natural object or quite different materials.[2] Simon distinguishes between the artificial and the synthetic, the former being an imitation of something found in nature (for example, an artificial sweetener which generates sweetness using a formula not found in nature), and the latter being a replication of something found in nature (for example, a sugar created in a laboratory that is chemically indistinguishable from a naturally occurring sugar).[2]
See also
- Cultural artifact
- Tamagotchi
References
- ^ Aristotle, Rhetoric, (2004, Dover Publications, W.D. Ross, translator), p. 121.
- ^ a b Herbert A. Simon, The Sciences of the Artificial (1996), p. 4.
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Remediation of sandy soils contaminated with hydrocarbons and halogenated hydrocarbons by soil vapour extraction.
- Albergaria JT, Alvim-Ferraz Mda C, Delerue-Matos C.SourceREQUIMTE, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 471, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
- Journal of environmental management.J Environ Manage.2012 Aug 15;104:195-201. Epub 2012 May 3.
- This paper presents the study of the remediation of sandy soils containing six of the most common contaminants (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, trichloroethylene and perchloroethylene) using soil vapour extraction (SVE). The influence of soil water content on the process efficiency was evalu
- PMID 22561947
- Real-time PCR assays for detection and quantification of aflatoxin-producing molds in foods.
- Rodríguez A, Rodríguez M, Luque MI, Martín A, Córdoba JJ.SourceHigiene y Seguridad Alimentaria, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. de la Universidad s/n., 10071 Cáceres, Spain.
- Food microbiology.Food Microbiol.2012 Aug;31(1):89-99. Epub 2012 Feb 23.
- Aflatoxins are among the most toxic mycotoxins. Early detection and quantification of aflatoxin-producing species is crucial to improve food safety. In the present work, two protocols of real-time PCR (qPCR) based on SYBR Green and TaqMan were developed, and their sensitivity and specificity were ev
- PMID 22475946
Japanese Journal
- 50 kHz bottom backscattering measurements from two types of artificially roughened sandy bottoms
- Aflatoxins in Rice Artificially Contaminated with Aflatoxin-producing Aspergillus flavus under Natural Storage in Japan
- Local optical absorption spectra of h-BN–MoS
Related Links
- From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Jump to: navigation, search. "Factitious" redirects here. It is not to be confused with "factious". Look up artificial or manmade in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. See also: Synthetic (disambiguation) ...
★リンクテーブル★
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- 英
- artificial、artificially
- 関
- 人為的、人工
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- 英
- artificial、artificially
- 関
- 人工的、人工
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- 関
- artificially