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a nonresident doctor or medical student; connected with a hospital but not living there (同)medical extern

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2021/07/20 03:11:28」(JST)

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The external carotid artery is a major artery of the head and neck. It arises from the common carotid artery when it splits into the external and internal carotid artery. External carotid artery supplies blood to the face and neck.^[1]

Structure

The external carotid artery begins at the upper border of thyroid cartilage, and curves, passing forward and upward, and then inclining backward to the space behind the neck of the mandible, where it divides into the superficial temporal and maxillary artery within the parotid gland.

It rapidly diminishes in size as it travels up the neck, owing to the number and large size of its branches.

At its origin, this artery is closer to the skin and more medial than the internal carotid, and is situated within the carotid triangle.

Development

In children, the external carotid artery is somewhat smaller than the internal carotid; but in the adult, the two vessels are of nearly equal size.

Relations

The external carotid artery is covered by the skin, superficial fascia, platysma, deep fascia, and anterior margin of the sternocleidomastoid; it is crossed by the hypoglossal nerve, by the lingual, ranine, common facial, and superior thyroid veins; and by the digastricus and stylohyoideus; higher up it passes deeply into the substance of the parotid gland, where it lies deep to the facial nerve and the junction of the temporal and internal maxillary veins.

Medial to it are the hyoid bone, the wall of the pharynx, the superior laryngeal nerve, and a portion of the parotid gland.

Lateral to it, in the lower part of its course, is the internal carotid artery.

Posterior to it, near its origin, is the superior laryngeal nerve; and higher up, it is separated from the internal carotid by the styloglossus and stylopharyngeus, the glossopharyngeal nerve, the pharyngeal branch of the vagus, and part of the parotid gland.

Function

Branches of external carotid artery.

As the artery travels upwards, it supplies:

In the carotid triangle:^[2]
- Superior thyroid artery, arising from its anterior aspect
- Ascending pharyngeal artery - arising from medial, or deep, aspect
- Lingual artery - arising from its anterior aspect
- Facial artery - arise from its anterior aspect
- Occipital artery - arising from its posterior aspect
Posterior auricular artery - arising from posterior aspect

The external carotid artery terminates as two branches:

Maxillary artery
Superficial temporal artery

Several mnemonics are commonly used to remember the main branches of the external carotid artery.

Mnemonic — Some Anatomists Like Freaking Out Poor Medical Students .
Mnemonic — Sister Lucy's Face Often Powdered Attracts Medical Students .

Additional images

Branches of external carotid artery
Magnetic Resonance Angiography

References

^ "Carotid artery". WebMD. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
^ Human Anatomy - Lab 25 Step 12

External links

lesson5 at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University)
lesson4 at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) (infratempfossaart)
Diagram at umich.edu

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Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元

「外頚動脈」

External carotid artery
External carotid artery
	The external carotid artery arises from the common carotid artery and supplies structures in the face and neck.
Details
Precursor	1 & 2. aortic arches
Source	common carotid artery
Branches	superior thyroid, lingual, facial, ascending pharyngeal, occipital, posterior auricular, maxillary, superficial temporal
Identifiers
Latin	arteria carotis externa
MeSH	D002342
TA98	A12.2.05.001
TA2	4369
FMA	10635
	Anatomical terminology; [edit on Wikidata]

　　[★]

英: external carotid artery ECA
ラ: arteria carotis externa
同: 外頸動脈

図：N.30
側面から見ると、顎二腹筋の深層を横切っている(N. 30)

起始

総頚動脈

走行

総頚動脈からの分岐は甲状軟骨上縁(C4?(M.),C6?(KL.627))
分岐直後は内頚動脈の前方かつ内側を上行する (KL.627)
下顎角の内側を走行し、下顎角のあたりから次第に後方に寄り耳介の前方に至る

枝 (KL.627)

(200%,Red){8本};の枝を出す

[1] "Carotid artery". WebMD. Retrieved 28 July 2015.

[2] Human Anatomy - Lab 25 Step 12

Authority control
Scientific databases	Terminologia Anatomica
Other	Microsoft Academic

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案内

案内

arteria carotis externa