抗寄生虫薬、駆虫薬

関: anthelmintic、antiparasitic、antiparasitic agent、vermicide

WordNet

capable of expelling or destroying parasitic worms (同)anthelminthic, helminthic, parasiticidal
an agent that kills worms (especially those in the intestines)
use recreational drugs (同)do drugs
administer a drug to; "They drugged the kidnapped tourist" (同)dose
a substance that is used as a medicine or narcotic

PrepTutorEJDIC

『薬』,薬品,薬剤 / 『麻薬』,麻酔剤 / 〈人〉‘に'薬(特に麻酔剤)を与える / 〈飲食物〉‘に'(麻酔薬・毒薬などの)薬を混ぜる

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/06/13 17:52:03」(JST)

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Antiparasitics are a class of medications which are indicated for the treatment of parasitic diseases, such as those caused by helminths,^[1] amoeba,^[2] ectoparasites, parasitic fungi,^[3] and protozoa,^[1] among others. Antiparasitics target the parasitic agents of the infections by destroying them or inhibiting their growth;^[4] they are usually effective against a limited number of parasites within a particular class. Antiparasitics are one of the antimicrobial drugs which include antibiotics that target bacteria, and antifungals that target fungi. They may be administered orally, intravenously or topically.^[4]

Broad-spectrum antiparasitics, analogous to broad-spectrum antibiotics for bacteria, are antiparasitic drugs with efficacy in treating a wide range of parasitic infections caused by parasites from different classes.

Types

Broad-spectrum

Nitazoxanide^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]

Antiprotozoals

Melarsoprol (for treatment of sleeping sickness caused by Trypanosoma brucei)
Eflornithine (for sleeping sickness)
Metronidazole (for vaginitis caused by Trichomonas)
Tinidazole (for intestinal infections caused by Giardia lamblia)
Miltefosine (for the treatment of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis, currently undergoing investigation for Chagas disease)

Antihelminthic

Antinematodes

Ancylostoma caninum, a type of hookworm, attached to the intestinal mucosa.

Mebendazole (for most nematode infections)
Pyrantel pamoate (for most nematode infections)
Thiabendazole (for roundworm infections)
Diethylcarbamazine (for treatment of Lymphatic filariasis)
Ivermectin (for prevention of river blindness)

Anticestodes

Niclosamide (for tapeworm infections)
Praziquantel (for tapeworm infections)
Albendazole (broad spectrum)

Antitrematodes

Praziquantel

Antiamoebics

Rifampin
Amphotericin B

Antifungals

Fumagillin (for microsporidiosis)^[3]^[9]

Medical uses

Antiparasitics treat parasitic diseases, which impact an estimated 2 billion people.^[1]

Administration

Antiparastics may be given via a variety of routes depending on the specific medication, including oral, topical, and intravenous.^[4]

Drug development history

Early antiparasitics were ineffective, frequently toxic to patients, and difficult to administer due to the difficulty in distinguishing between the host and the parasite.^[4]

Between 1975 and 1999 only 13 of 1,300 new drugs were antiparasitics, which raised concerns that insufficient incentives existed to drive development of new treatments for diseases that disproportionately target low-income countries. This led to new public sector and public-private partnerships (PPPs), including investment by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Between 2000 and 2005, twenty new antiparasitic agents were developed or in development. In 2005, a new antimalarial cost approximately $300 million to develop with a 50% failure rate.^[10]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Kappagoda, Shanthi; Singh, Upinder; Blackburn, Brian G. (2011). "Antiparasitic Therapy". Mayo Clin Proc. 86: 561–583. doi:10.4065/mcp.2011.0203. PMC 3104918 . PMID 21628620.
^ Kusrini E, Hashim F, Azmi WN, Amin NM, Estuningtyas A (2016). "A novel antiamoebic agent against Acanthamoeba sp. - A causative agent for eye keratitis infection". Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 153: 714–21. doi:10.1016/j.saa.2015.09.021. PMID 26474244.
^ ^a ^b Molina JM, Tourneur M, Sarfati C, et al. (June 2002). "Fumagillin treatment of intestinal microsporidiosis". N. Engl. J. Med. 346 (25): 1963–9. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa012924. PMID 12075057.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "ANTIPARASITICS". Purdue University Cytology Laboratories. Purdue Research Foundation. Retrieved 2015-08-30.
^ Di Santo N, Ehrisman J (2013). "Research perspective: potential role of nitazoxanide in ovarian cancer treatment. Old drug, new purpose?". Cancers (Basel). 5 (3): 1163–1176. doi:10.3390/cancers5031163. PMC 3795384 . PMID 24202339. Nitazoxanide [NTZ: 2-acetyloxy-N-(5-nitro-2-thiazolyl)benzamide] is a thiazolide antiparasitic agent with excellent activity against a wide variety of protozoa and helminths. ... Nitazoxanide (NTZ) is a main compound of a class of broad-spectrum anti-parasitic compounds named thiazolides. It is composed of a nitrothiazole-ring and a salicylic acid moiety which are linked together by an amide bond ... NTZ is generally well tolerated, and no significant adverse events have been noted in human trials [13]. ... In vitro, NTZ and tizoxanide function against a wide range of organisms, including the protozoal species Blastocystis hominis, C. parvum, Entamoeba histolytica, G. lamblia and Trichomonas vaginalis [13]
^ White CA (2004). "Nitazoxanide: a new broad spectrum antiparasitic agent". Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2 (1): 43–9. doi:10.1586/14787210.2.1.43. PMID 15482170.
^ Hemphill A, Mueller J, Esposito M (2006). "Nitazoxanide, a broad-spectrum thiazolide anti-infective agent for the treatment of gastrointestinal infections". Expert Opin Pharmacother. 7 (7): 953–64. doi:10.1517/14656566.7.7.953. PMID 16634717.
^ Anderson, V. R.; Curran, M. P. (2007). "Nitazoxanide: A review of its use in the treatment of gastrointestinal infections". Drugs. 67 (13): 1947–1967. doi:10.2165/00003495-200767130-00015. PMID 17722965.
^ Lanternier F, Boutboul D, Menotti J, et al. (February 2009). "Microsporidiosis in solid organ transplant recipients: two Enterocytozoon bieneusi cases and review". Transpl Infect Dis. 11 (1): 83–8. doi:10.1111/j.1399-3062.2008.00347.x. PMID 18803616.
^ Pink, Richard; Hudson, Alan; Mouries, Marie-Annick; Bendig, Mary (September 2005). "Opportunities and Challenges in Antiparasitic Drug Discovery". Nature. 4: 727–740. doi:10.1038/nrd1824.

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 駆虫薬療法 anthelminthic therapies
2. Cysticercosis: Treatment
3. 抗原虫治療 antiprotozoal therapies
4. 抗マラリア剤：概要 antimalarial drugs an overview
5. マラリア：疫学、予防、コントロール malaria epidemiology prevention and control

English Journal

Novel series of 1,2,4-trioxane derivatives as antimalarial agents.

Rudrapal M1, Chetia D1, Singh V2.
Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry.J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem.2017 Dec;32(1):1159-1173. doi: 10.1080/14756366.2017.1363742.
PMID 28870093

Synthesis and biological evaluation of anti-Toxoplasma gondii activity of a novel scaffold of thiazolidinone derivatives.

Carradori S1, Secci D2, Bizzarri B2, Chimenti P2, De Monte C2, Guglielmi P2, Campestre C1, Rivanera D3, Bordón C4, Jones-Brando L4.
Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry.J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem.2017 Dec;32(1):746-758. doi: 10.1080/14756366.2017.1316494.
PMID 28537532

Benzimidazole-based derivatives as privileged scaffold developed for the treatment of the RSV infection: a computational study exploring the potency and cytotoxicity profiles.

Cichero E1, Tonelli M1, Novelli F1, Tasso B1, Delogu I2, Loddo R2, Bruno O1, Fossa P1.
Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry.J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem.2017 Dec;32(1):375-402. doi: 10.1080/14756366.2016.1256881.
PMID 28276287

Japanese Journal

異時性に左右の胸水貯留をきたしたウエステルマン肺吸虫症の1例

菅野貴世史,赤井雅也,加藤智浩,多田利彦,渡邉創,塩崎晃平
気管支学 : 日本気管支研究会雑誌 35(3), 305-309, 2013-05-25
背景.ウエステルマン肺吸虫症は,モクズガニ,サワガニ,イノシシなどを非加熱で摂取することにより感染する寄生虫症である.症例.54歳女性.左胸水貯留にて当科紹介受診.局所麻酔科下胸腔鏡で胸腔内のフィブリン塊を摘出し,胸腔ドレナージを行い,胸水は再貯留なく消失したが,約9カ月後に右気胸後の右胸水貯留のため再び紹介受診した.末梢血好酸球増多と血清IgEの高値を認め,胸部CTでは胸膜から右上下葉に連なる病 …
NAID 110009668437

Effects of moxidectin on coprophagous insects in cattle dung pats in Japan

Iwasa Mitsuhiro,Suzuki Natsuki,Maruyama Mikiko
Applied entomology and zoology 43(2), 271-280, 2008-05-25
… Effects of the antiparasitic drug moxidectin were studied in laboratory and field experiments in Hokkaido, Japan by pour-on administrations (500μg/kg) on a target pest Haematobia irritans Linnaeus, nontarget coprophagous flies represented by Neomyia cornicina (Fabricius), and the dung beetle Caccobius jessoensis Harold. …
NAID 110006684230

Activity of Neolignans Isolated from Piper regnellii (MIQ.) C. DC. var. pallescens (C. DC.) YUNCK against Trypanosoma cruzi(Pharmacognosy)

Luize Patricia Shima,Ueda-Nakamura Tania,Filho Benedito Prado Dias [他],CORTEZ Diogenes Aparicio Garcia,NAKAMURA Celso Vataru
Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin 29(10), 2126-2130, 2006-10-01
… Eupomatenoid-5 was significantly more active than benznidazole, the antiparasitic drug of choice for treatment of Chagas' disease. …
NAID 110004810305

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「anthelmintic」「抗寄生虫薬」「antiparasitic agent」「vermicide」「寄生虫治療薬」
関連記事	「antiparasitic」「drug」

「anthelmintic」

　　[★]

adj.

駆虫性の

n.

駆虫薬

関: antiparasitic、antiparasitic agent、antiparasitic drug、vermicidal、vermicide

「抗寄生虫薬」

　　[★]

英: antiparasitic agent、antiparasitic drug、antiparasitic
関: 駆虫性、駆虫薬、抗寄生虫

「antiparasitic agent」

　　[★]

抗寄生虫薬、駆虫薬

関: anthelmintic、antiparasitic、antiparasitic drug、vermicide

「vermicide」

　　[★]

駆虫薬

関: anthelmintic、antiparasitic、antiparasitic agent、antiparasitic drug

「寄生虫治療薬」

　　[★]

英: antiparasitic drug
関: 寄生虫

「antiparasitic」

　　[★]

adj.

抗寄生虫の、駆虫性の

n.

抗寄生虫薬、駆虫薬

関: anthelmintic、antiparasitic agent、antiparasitic drug、vermicidal、vermicide

「drug」

　　[★]

同: drugs

[AT-1] Kappagoda, Shanthi; Singh, Upinder; Blackburn, Brian G. (2011). "Antiparasitic Therapy". Mayo Clin Proc. 86: 561–583. doi:10.4065/mcp.2011.0203. PMC 3104918 . PMID 21628620.

[pmid26474244-2] Kusrini E, Hashim F, Azmi WN, Amin NM, Estuningtyas A (2016). "A novel antiamoebic agent against Acanthamoeba sp. - A causative agent for eye keratitis infection". Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 153: 714–21. doi:10.1016/j.saa.2015.09.021. PMID 26474244.

[pmid12075057-3] Molina JM, Tourneur M, Sarfati C, et al. (June 2002). "Fumagillin treatment of intestinal microsporidiosis". N. Engl. J. Med. 346 (25): 1963–9. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa012924. PMID 12075057.

[Purdue-4] "ANTIPARASITICS". Purdue University Cytology Laboratories. Purdue Research Foundation. Retrieved 2015-08-30.

[Thiazolides-5] Di Santo N, Ehrisman J (2013). "Research perspective: potential role of nitazoxanide in ovarian cancer treatment. Old drug, new purpose?". Cancers (Basel). 5 (3): 1163–1176. doi:10.3390/cancers5031163. PMC 3795384 . PMID 24202339. Nitazoxanide [NTZ: 2-acetyloxy-N-(5-nitro-2-thiazolyl)benzamide] is a thiazolide antiparasitic agent with excellent activity against a wide variety of protozoa and helminths. ... Nitazoxanide (NTZ) is a main compound of a class of broad-spectrum anti-parasitic compounds named thiazolides. It is composed of a nitrothiazole-ring and a salicylic acid moiety which are linked together by an amide bond ... NTZ is generally well tolerated, and no significant adverse events have been noted in human trials [13]. ... In vitro, NTZ and tizoxanide function against a wide range of organisms, including the protozoal species Blastocystis hominis, C. parvum, Entamoeba histolytica, G. lamblia and Trichomonas vaginalis [13]

[Nitazoxanide:_Broad-spectrum_antiparasitic-6] White CA (2004). "Nitazoxanide: a new broad spectrum antiparasitic agent". Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2 (1): 43–9. doi:10.1586/14787210.2.1.43. PMID 15482170.

[Thiazolides:_Broad-spectrum-7] Hemphill A, Mueller J, Esposito M (2006). "Nitazoxanide, a broad-spectrum thiazolide anti-infective agent for the treatment of gastrointestinal infections". Expert Opin Pharmacother. 7 (7): 953–64. doi:10.1517/14656566.7.7.953. PMID 16634717.

[NTZ_2007_review-8] Anderson, V. R.; Curran, M. P. (2007). "Nitazoxanide: A review of its use in the treatment of gastrointestinal infections". Drugs. 67 (13): 1947–1967. doi:10.2165/00003495-200767130-00015. PMID 17722965.

[pmid18803616-9] Lanternier F, Boutboul D, Menotti J, et al. (February 2009). "Microsporidiosis in solid organ transplant recipients: two Enterocytozoon bieneusi cases and review". Transpl Infect Dis. 11 (1): 83–8. doi:10.1111/j.1399-3062.2008.00347.x. PMID 18803616.

[10] Pink, Richard; Hudson, Alan; Mouries, Marie-Annick; Bendig, Mary (September 2005). "Opportunities and Challenges in Antiparasitic Drug Discovery". Nature. 4: 727–740. doi:10.1038/nrd1824.

v t e Pharmacology: major drug groups

Gastrointestinal tract/ metabolism (A)	stomach acid Antacids H₂ antagonists Proton pump inhibitors Antiemetics Laxatives Antidiarrhoeals/Antipropulsives Anti-obesity drugs Anti-diabetics Vitamins Dietary minerals

Blood and blood forming organs (B)	Antithrombotics Antiplatelets Anticoagulants Thrombolytics/fibrinolytics Antihemorrhagics Platelets Coagulants Antifibrinolytics

Cardiovascular system (C)	cardiac therapy/antianginals Cardiac glycosides Antiarrhythmics Cardiac stimulants Antihypertensives Diuretics Vasodilators Beta blockers Calcium channel blockers renin-angiotensin system ACE inhibitors Angiotensin II receptor antagonists Renin inhibitors Antihyperlipidemics Statins Fibrates Bile acid sequestrants

Skin (D)	Emollients Cicatrizants Antipruritics Antipsoriatics Medicated dressings

Genitourinary system (G)	Hormonal contraception Fertility agents SERMs Sex hormones

Endocrine system (H)	Hypothalamic-pituitary hormones Corticosteroids Glucocorticoids Mineralocorticoids Sex hormones Thyroid hormones/Antithyroid agents

Infections and infestations (J, P, QI)	Antimicrobials: Antibacterials (Antimycobacterials) Antifungals Antivirals Antiparasitics Antiprotozoals Anthelmintics Ectoparasiticides IVIG Vaccines

Malignant disease (L01-L02)	Anticancer agents Antimetabolites Alkylating Spindle poisons Antineoplastic Topoisomerase inhibitors

Immune disease (L03-L04)	Immunomodulators Immunostimulants Immunosuppressants

Muscles, bones, and joints (M)	Anabolic steroids Anti-inflammatories NSAIDs Antirheumatics Corticosteroids Muscle relaxants Bisphosphonates

Brain and nervous system (N)	Analgesics Anesthetics General Local Anorectics Anti-ADHD Agents Antiaddictives Anticonvulsants Antidementia Agents Antidepressants Antimigraine Agents Antiparkinson's Agents Antipsychotics Anxiolytics Depressants Entactogens Entheogens Euphoriants Hallucinogens Psychedelics Dissociatives Deliriants Hypnotics/Sedatives Mood Stabilizers Neuroprotectives Nootropics Neurotoxins Orexigenics Serenics Stimulants Wakefulness-Promoting Agents

Respiratory system (R)	Decongestants Bronchodilators Cough medicines H₁ antagonists

Sensory organs (S)	Ophthalmologicals Otologicals

Other ATC (V)	Antidotes Contrast media Radiopharmaceuticals Dressings

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案内

antiparasitic drug