WordNet

small room in which a monk or nun lives (同)cubicle
a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction (同)electric cell
a room where a prisoner is kept (同)jail cell, prison cell
(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
any small compartment; "the cells of a honeycomb"
a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement (同)cadre
relying on or requiring a person or thing for support, supply, or what is needed; "dependent children"; "dependent on moisture"
addicted to a drug (同)dependant, drug-addicted, hooked, strung-out
contingent on something else (同)dependant, qualified
(of a clause) unable to stand alone syntactically as a complete sentence; "a subordinate (or dependent) clause functions as a noun or adjective or adverb within a sentence" (同)subordinate
occupy an intermediate or middle position or form a connecting link or stage between two others; "mediate between the old and the new"
acting through or dependent on an intervening agency; "the disease spread by mediate as well as direct contact"
any of a large variety of proteins normally present in the body or produced in response to an antigen which it neutralizes, thus producing an immune response
the degree to which something is toxic to living cells

PrepTutorEJDIC

(刑務所の)『独房』;(修道院の)小さい独居室 / (ミツバチの)みつ房,巣穴 / 小さい部屋 / 『細胞』 / 電池 / 花粉室 / (共産党などの)細胞
『頼っている』,依存している,従属している / 扶養される人(家族)
〈紛争・相違点など〉‘を'調停する,仲裁する / 〈妥協・和解・同意など〉‘を'仲裁して成立させる / (両者の)調停をする《+『between』+『名』》 / 仲介者(媒介物)を通じての,間接の
抗体,免疫体,抗毒素

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/12/25 00:02:16」(JST)

wiki en

Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity (ADCC) is a mechanism of cell-mediated immune defense whereby an effector cell of the immune system actively lyses a target cell, whose membrane-surface antigens have been bound by specific antibodies. It is one of the mechanisms through which antibodies, as part of the humoral immune response, can act to limit and contain infection. Classical ADCC is mediated by natural killer (NK) cells; macrophages, neutrophils and eosinophils can also mediate ADCC. For example, eosinophils can kill certain parasitic worms known as helminths through ADCC. ADCC is part of the adaptive immune response due to its dependence on a prior antibody response.

Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity

ADCC by NK cells[edit]

The typical ADCC involves activation of NK cells by antibodies. An NK cell expresses CD16 which is an Fc receptor. This receptor recognizes, and binds to, the Fc portion of an antibody, such as IgG, which has bound to the surface of a pathogen-infected target cell. The most common Fc receptor on the surface of an NK cell is called CD16 or FcγRIII. Once the Fc receptor binds to the Fc region of IgG, the Natural Killer cell releases cytokines such as IFN-γ

ADCC by eosinophils[edit]

Large parasites like helminths are too big to be engulfed and killed by phagocytosis. They also have an external structure or integument that is resistant to attack by substances released by neutrophils and macrophages. After IgE coat these parasites, the Fc receptor (FceRI) of an eosinophil will then recognize IgE. Subsequently, interaction between FceRI and the Fc portion of helminth-bound IgE signals the eosinophil to degranulate.

ADCC in vitro[edit]

Several laboratory methods exist for determining the efficacy of antibodies or effector cells in eliciting ADCC. Among these methods include chromium-51 [Cr⁵¹] release assay, europium [Eu] release assay, and sulfur-35 [S³⁵] release assay. Usually, a labelled target cell line expressing a certain surface-exposed antigen is incubated with antibody specific for that antigen. After washing, effector cells expressing Fc receptor CD16 are co-incubated with the antibody-labelled target cells. Target cell lysis is subsequently measured by release of intracellular label by a scintillation counter or spectrophotometry.

A common challenge faced by ADCC assays is high background signaling due to cellular "leakiness". While both Cr⁵¹ and Eu-based assays face this challenge, S³⁵-containing methionine and cysteine pre-incubated with target cells leads to incorporation of radio-labelled molecules into newly translated peptides.

The coupled bioluminescent method aCella TOX^TM is now in widespread use for ADCC and other cytotoxicity assessments. Since this technique measures the release of enzymes naturally present in the target cells, no labeling step is required and no radioactive agents are used.

Monoclonal antibody action against tumors[edit]

Experiments in mice indicate that ADCC is an important mechanism of action of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies, including trastuzumab and rituximab, against tumors.^[1] In the clinic the FcgRIII 158V/F polymorphism interfere with the ability to generate ADCC responses in vitro during trastuzumab treatment.

References[edit]

^ Clynes, RA; Towers, TL; Presta, LG; Ravetch, JV (2000). "Inhibitory Fc receptors modulate in vivo cytoxicity against tumor targets". Nat Med 6 (4): 443–6. doi:10.1038/74704. PMID 10742152.

External links[edit]

University of Leicester, Virus Immunopathology Notes
Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 適応細胞性免疫応答 the adaptive cellular immune response
2. 胎児および新生児における免疫細胞の発達 the development of immune cells in the fetus and neonate
3. 新生児の免疫 immunity of the newborn
4. HIV-1感染の免疫学 immunology of hiv 1 infection
5. リウマチ性血管炎の疫学および病因 epidemiology and pathogenesis of rheumatoid vasculitis

English Journal

Possible neuroprotective property of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in association with predominant upregulation of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in astrocytes.

Takarada T, Nakamichi N, Kawagoe H, Ogura M, Fukumori R, Nakazato R, Fujikawa K, Kou M, Yoneda Y.SourceLaboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
Journal of neuroscience research.J Neurosci Res.2012 Nov;90(11):2074-85. doi: 10.1002/jnr.23101. Epub 2012 Jul 16.
The underlying mechanisms are still unclear for the neuroprotective properties of nicotine to date, whereas we have shown functional expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) responsible for the influx of extracellular Ca(2+) in cultured rat cortical astrocytes. In this study, we inv
PMID 22807215

Role of monocytes in mediating HIV-specific antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity.

Kramski M, Schorcht A, Johnston AP, Lichtfuss GF, Jegaskanda S, De Rose R, Stratov I, Kelleher AD, French MA, Center RJ, Jaworowski A, Kent SJ.SourceDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Australia.
Journal of immunological methods.J Immunol Methods.2012 Oct 31;384(1-2):51-61. Epub 2012 Jul 24.
Antibodies (Abs) that mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity against HIV-1 are of major interest. A widely used method to measure ADCC Abs is the rapid and fluorometric antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (RFADCC) assay. Antibody-dependent killing of a labelled target
PMID 22841577

Japanese Journal

ADCC活性と抗体医薬の臨床効果 (特集 POPを中心としたトランスレーショナルリサーチの進歩)

温泉川真由,小泉史明
腫瘍内科 6(1), 45-52, 2010-07
NAID 40017273175

抗体依存性細胞介在性障害活性(ADCC) (広範囲血液・尿化学検査免疫学的検査(第7版・3)その数値をどう読むか) -- (免疫学的検査アレルギー検査)

向田直史
日本臨床 68(-) (980), 33-35, 2010-06
NAID 40017181698

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「抗体依存性細胞傷害」「補体依存性細胞障害作用」「抗体依存性細胞性細胞傷害」「抗体依存性細胞障害」「ADCC」
関連記事	「dependent」「cytotoxicity」「mediate」「cell」