WordNet

add explanatory notes to or supply with critical comments; "The scholar annotated the early edition of a famous novel" (同)footnote
provide an interlinear translation of a word or phrase
an explanation or definition of an obscure word in a text (同)rubric
provide interlinear explanations for words or phrases; "He annotated on what his teacher had written" (同)comment, annotate
give a shine or gloss to, usually by rubbing
the act of adding notes (同)annotating

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈本など〉‘に'注釈する,注をつける / (…について)注釈する《+『on』+『名』》
〈U〉光沢,つや;〈C〉光沢のある表面 / 〈U〉《単数形で》見せかけ,虚飾 / …‘の'光沢(つや)を出す
(行間・ページの下段・巻末に付けられた)注釈,解説 / (巻末などに付けた)語い集,用語解説 / …‘に'注釈を付ける,‘を'注解する
(…の)注解,注釈書,解説,論評《+『on』(『upon』)+『名』》 / 《複数形で》(…の)実録《+『on』+『名』》
注釈,注

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/04/20 21:15:30」(JST)

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An annotation is a note that is made while reading any form of text. This may be as simple as underlining or highlighting passages. Annotated bibliographies give people a source that is useful to an author in constructing a paper or argument. Creating these comments, usually a few sentences long, establishes a summary for and expresses the relevance of each source prior to writing. The term also has a special meaning in a number of other fields.

Software engineering

Not only code but text manipulated by a program can be annotated; e.g. A markup language (such as XML or HTML) is a modern system for annotating a text in a way that is syntactically distinguishable from that text.

Java annotations

Main article: Java annotation

A special case is the Java programming language, where annotations can be used as a special form of syntactic metadata in the source code.^[1] Classes, methods, variables, parameters and packages may be annotated. The annotations can be embedded in class files generated by the compiler and may be retained by the Java virtual machine and thus influence the run-time behaviour of an application. It is possible to create meta-annotations out of the existing ones in Java, which makes this concept more sophisticated than in other languages like C#.^[2]

Source control

Annotate aka Blame or Praise is a function used in source control systems such as Team Foundation Server and Subversion to determine who committed changes to the source code into the repository. A person, who is annotated, is blamed for committing changes to the source code into the repository which caused the program to fail or behave in an unintended fashion.

Computational biology

Since the 1980s, molecular biology and bioinformatics have created the need for DNA annotation. DNA annotation or genome annotation is the process of identifying the locations of genes and all of the coding regions in a genome and determining what those genes do. An annotation (irrespective of the context) is a note added by way of explanation or commentary. Once a genome is sequenced, it needs to be annotated to make sense of it.

For DNA annotation, a previously unknown sequence representation of genetic material is enriched with information relating genomic position to intron-exon boundaries, regulatory sequences, repeats, gene names and protein products. This annotation is stored in genomic databases as Mouse Genome Informatics, FlyBase, and WormBase. Educational materials on some aspects of biological annotation from this year's Gene Ontology annotation camp and similar events are available at the Gene Ontology website.^[3]

The National Center for Biomedical Ontology (www.bioontology.org) develops tools for automated annotation^[4] of database records based on the textual descriptions of those records.

As a general method, dcGO ^[5] has an automated procedure for statistically inferring associations between ontology terms and protein domains or combinations of domains from the existing gene/protein-level annotations.

Imaging

In the digital imaging community the term annotation is commonly used for visible metadata superimposed on an image without changing the underlying master image, such as sticky notes, virtual laser pointers, circles, arrows, and black-outs (cf. redaction).

In the medical imaging community, an annotation is often referred to as a region of interest and is encoded in DICOM format.

Law

In the United States, legal publishers such as Thomson West and Lexis Nexis publish annotated versions of statutes, providing information about court cases that have interpreted the statutes. Both the federal United States Code and state statutes are subject to interpretation by the courts, and the annotated statutes are valuable tools in legal research.

Linguistics

In linguistics, annotations include comments and metadata; these non-transcriptional annotations are also non-linguistic. A collection of texts with linguistic annotations is known as a corpus (plural corpora). The Linguistic Annotation Wiki^[6] describes tools and formats for creating and managing linguistic annotations.

References

^ "JDK 5.0 Developer's Guide: Annotations". Sun Microsystems. 2007-12-18. Archived from the original on 6 March 2008. Retrieved 2008-03-05. .
^ [Obasanjo] (2007). "A COMPARISON OF MICROSOFT'S C# PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE TO SUN MICROSYSTEMS' JAVA PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE: Metadata Annotations". Dare Obasanjo. Archived from the original on 2007. Retrieved 2012-09-06.
^ http://www.geneontology.org/GO.teaching.resources.shtml
^ http://bioontology.stanford.edu/annotator-service
^ Fang, H.; Gough, J. (2012). "DcGO: Database of domain-centric ontologies on functions, phenotypes, diseases and more". Nucleic Acids Research. doi:10.1093/nar/gks1080. PMID 23161684. edit
^ annotation.exmaralda.org

English Journal

nMETR: technique for facile recovery of hypomethylation genomic tags.

Baskaev K, Garazha A, Gaifullin N, Suntsova MV, Zabolotneva AA, Buzdin AA.SourceShemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya, Moscow 117997, Russia.
Gene.Gene.2012 Apr 25;498(1):75-80. Epub 2012 Feb 13.
Genome-wide methylation studies frequently lack adequate controls to estimate proportions of background reads in the resulting datasets. To generate appropriate control pools, we developed technique termed nMETR (non-methylated tag recovery) based on digestion of genomic DNA with methylation-sensiti
PMID 22353364

SED-ED, a workflow editor for computational biology experiments written in SED-ML.

Adams RR.SourceSynthSys Edinburgh, CH Waddington Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JD, UK.
Bioinformatics (Oxford, England).Bioinformatics.2012 Apr 15;28(8):1180-1. Epub 2012 Feb 25.
SUMMARY: The simulation experiment description markup language (SED-ML) is a new community data standard to encode computational biology experiments in a computer-readable XML format. Its widespread adoption will require the development of software support to work with SED-ML files. Here, we descri
PMID 22368254

Transcriptome and full-length cDNA resources for the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, a major insect pest of pine forests.

Keeling CI, Henderson H, Li M, Yuen M, Clark EL, Fraser JD, Huber DP, Liao NY, Roderick Docking T, Birol I, Chan SK, Taylor GA, Palmquist D, Jones SJ, Bohlmann J.SourceMichael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 301-2185 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4.
Insect biochemistry and molecular biology.Insect Biochem Mol Biol.2012 Apr 7. [Epub ahead of print]
Bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) are major insect pests of many woody plants around the world. The mountain pine beetle (MPB), Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, is a significant historical pest of western North American pine forests. It is currently devastating pine forests in wes
PMID 22516182

Japanese Journal

『古今和歌六帖』出典未詳歌注釈稿 : 第六帖(9)芹~青葛

福田智子
社会科学 = The social sciences 43(4), 19-37, 2014-02
NAID 40020004724

『古今和歌六帖』出典未詳歌注釈稿 : 第六帖(9)芹〜青葛

福田智子
社会科学 101, 19-37, 2014-02
『古今和歌六帖』は、約四千五百首の歌を、二十五項目、五百十七題に分類した、我が国初の類題和歌集である。古来、兼明親王や源順が編者に想定されており、貞元・天元年間(九七六〜九八二)頃の成立かと考えられている。作歌の手引き書を意図した歌集であるが、和歌のみならず、『源氏物語』をはじめとする物語などの文学作品にも、少なからぬ影響を与えたと見られる。収載歌には、『万葉集』『古今和歌集』『後撰和歌集』や私家 …
NAID 110009687573

説得対話コーパスの構築と分析

平岡拓也 ,GrahamNeubig ,SakrianiSakti ,戸田智基 ,中村哲
情報処理学会研究報告. SLP, 音声言語情報処理 2013-SLP-99(7), 1-6, 2013-12-12
近年の対話研究において,対話参加者の行動を変化させるように能動的に働きかける対話システム (説得対話システム) が,注目を集めるようになってきた.より説得力のあるシステムを構築するうえで,人間が行う説得を理解することは重要である.本研究では,人同士の説得対話コーパスの構築と,話者の説得力に貢献する要因の分析について述べる.具体的には,3 人の販売員が 19 人の客に対して,特定の製品を購入させよう …
NAID 110009646530