関: aerobic bacteria、aerobic bacterium

WordNet

an organism (especially a bacterium) that requires air or free oxygen for life
an organism (especially a bacterium) that does not require air or free oxygen to live

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好気性生物(空中の酸素を必要とするバクテリア類)
嫌(けん)気性生物(空気・遊離酸素を必要としない細菌類)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/05/24 21:15:06」(JST)

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Aerobic and anaerobic bacteria can be identified by growing them in test tubes of thioglycollate broth:
1: Obligate aerobes need oxygen because they cannot ferment or respire anaerobically. They gather at the top of the tube where the oxygen concentration is highest.
2: Obligate anaerobes are poisoned by oxygen, so they gather at the bottom of the tube where the oxygen concentration is lowest.
3: Facultative anaerobes can grow with or without oxygen because they can metabolise energy aerobically or anaerobically. They gather mostly at the top because aerobic respiration generates more ATP than either fermentation or anaerobic respiration.
4: Microaerophiles need oxygen because they cannot ferment or respire anaerobically. However, they are poisoned by high concentrations of oxygen. They gather in the upper part of the test tube but not the very top.

5: Aerotolerant organisms do not require oxygen as they metabolise energy anaerobically. Unlike obligate anaerobes however, they are not poisoned by oxygen. They can be found evenly spread throughout the test tube.

An aerobic organism or aerobe is an organism that can survive and grow in an oxygenated environment.^[1]

Types

Obligate aerobes need oxygen to grow. In a process known as cellular respiration, these organisms use oxygen to oxidize substrates (for example sugars and fats) and generate energy.
Facultative anaerobes use oxygen if it is available, but also have anaerobic methods of energy production.
Microaerophiles require oxygen for energy production, but are harmed by atmospheric concentrations of oxygen (21% O₂).
Aerotolerant anaerobes do not use oxygen but are not harmed by it.

Glucose

A good example would be the oxidation of glucose (a monosaccharide) in aerobic respiration.

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂ + 38 ADP + 38 phosphate → 6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + 38 ATP

Oxygen is used during the oxidation of glucose and water is produced.

This equation is a summary of what actually happens in three series of biochemical reactions: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.

References

^ "aerobe" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary

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… Moreover, we evaluated the results in terms of the accuracy of organism classification from the biological function and confirmed that the obtained classification was related deeply to such habitats as aerobe or anaerobe. …
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「好気性菌」

　　[★]

英: aerobe, aerobes, aerobic bacterium, aerobic bacteria
ラ: aerobie
関: 細菌、嫌気性菌

分類

偏性好気性菌 obligate aerobes
通性好気性菌 fucultative aerobes

「aerobic bacteria」

　　[★]

好気性菌

関: aerobe、aerobic bacterium

「aerobic bacterium」

　　[★]

好気性菌

関: aerobe、aerobic bacteria

「anaerobe」

　　[★]

嫌気性菌、嫌気性生物

関: anaerobic bacteria、anaerobic bacterium

「asporogenic bacilli of obligatory anaerobes」

　　[★] 無芽胞偏性嫌気性桿菌

「aero」

　　[★]

comb form.

エアロ、空気

関: air

[1] "aerobe" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary

リンク元	「好気性菌」「aerobic bacteria」「aerobic bacterium」
拡張検索	「anaerobe」「asporogenic bacilli of obligatory anaerobes」
関連記事	「aero」

匿名

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案内

案内

aerobe