WordNet

an organism (especially a bacterium) that requires air or free oxygen for life

PrepTutorEJDIC

好気性生物(空中の酸素を必要とするバクテリア類)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/09/17 10:56:38」(JST)

wiki en

Aerobic and anaerobic bacteria can be identified by growing them in test tubes of thioglycollate broth:
1: Obligate aerobes need oxygen because they cannot ferment or respire anaerobically. They gather at the top of the tube where the oxygen concentration is highest.
2: Obligate anaerobes are poisoned by oxygen, so they gather at the bottom of the tube where the oxygen concentration is lowest.
3: Facultative anaerobes can grow with or without oxygen because they can metabolise energy aerobically or anaerobically. They gather mostly at the top because aerobic respiration generates more ATP than either fermentation or anaerobic respiration.
4: Microaerophiles need oxygen because they cannot ferment or respire anaerobically. However, they are poisoned by high concentrations of oxygen. They gather in the upper part of the test tube but not the very top.

5: Aerotolerant organisms do not require oxygen as they metabolise energy anaerobically. Unlike obligate anaerobes however, they are not poisoned by oxygen. They can be found evenly spread throughout the test tube.

An aerobic organism or aerobe is an organism that can survive and grow in an oxygenated environment.^[1]

Types

Obligate aerobes need oxygen to grow. In a process known as cellular respiration, these organisms use oxygen to oxidize substrates (for example sugars and fats) and generate energy.
Facultative anaerobes use oxygen if it is available, but also have anaerobic methods of energy production.
Microaerophiles require oxygen for energy production, but are harmed by atmospheric concentrations of oxygen (21% O₂).
Aerotolerant anaerobes do not use oxygen but are not harmed by it.

Glucose

A good example would be the oxidation of glucose (a monosaccharide) in aerobic respiration.

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂ + 38 ADP + 38 phosphate → 6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + 38 ATP

Oxygen is used during the oxidation of glucose and water is produced.

This equation is a summary of what actually happens in three series of biochemical reactions: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.

References

^ "aerobe" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 慢性副鼻腔炎の微生物学的および抗菌薬によるマネージメント microbiology and antibiotic management of chronic rhinosinusitis
2. 成人における化膿性耳下腺炎 suppurative parotitis in adults
3. ヒト咬傷による軟部組織感染 soft tissue infections due to human bites
4. 外陰膿瘍 vulvar abscess
5. 顎下隙感染症（ルードヴィヒアンギナ） submandibular space infections ludwigs angina

English Journal

Impact of edible chitosan-cassava starch coatings enriched with Lippia gracilis Schauer genotype mixtures on the shelf life of guavas (Psidium guajava L.) during storage at room temperature.

de Aquino AB1, Blank AF2, Santana LC3.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2015 Mar 15;171:108-16. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.08.077. Epub 2014 Sep 3.
The effect of edible chitosan-cassava starch (CH-CS) coatings containing a mixture of Lippia gracilis Schauer genotypes (EOM) on the shelf life of guavas during storage at room temperature for 10 days was studied. Sixteen formulations were prepared with a range of chitosan and essential oil mixtures
PMID 25308649

Enhanced biodegradation of phthalate acid esters in marine sediments by benthic diatom Cylindrotheca closterium.

Li Y1, Gao J2, Meng F2, Chi J3.
The Science of the total environment.Sci Total Environ.2015 Mar 1;508:251-7. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.12.002. Epub 2014 Dec 5.
Cylindrotheca closterium, a marine benthic diatom, was inoculated on the surface of marine sediments spiked with diethyl phthalate (DEP) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) to investigate the effects of benthic microalgae on the degradation of the contaminants. The elimination of DEP and DBP from unsteriliz
PMID 25481253

Advanced treatment of landfill leachate using anaerobic-aerobic process: Organic removal by simultaneous denitritation and methanogenesis and nitrogen removal via nitrite.

Sun H1, Peng Y2, Shi X3.
Bioresource technology.Bioresour Technol.2015 Feb;177:337-45. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.10.152. Epub 2014 Nov 8.
A novel biological system coupling an UASB and a SBR was established to treat landfill leachate. In order to enhance organics and nitrogen removal, simultaneous denitritation and methanogenesis (SDM) was performed in the UASB. Free ammonia (FA) inhibition on nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) and proc
PMID 25496956

Japanese Journal

Identification and Characterization of Cellobiose 2-Epimerases from Various Aerobes

OJIMA Teruyo,SABURI Wataru,YAMAMOTO Takeshi,MORI Haruhide,MATSUI Hirokazu
Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry 77(1), 189-193, 2013-01-23
NAID 10031164711

Identification and Characterization of Cellobiose 2-Epimerases from Various Aerobes

OJIMA Teruyo,SABURI Wataru,YAMAMOTO Takeshi,MORI Haruhide,MATSUI Hirokazu
Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 77(1), 189-193, 2013
… In this study, we characterized CE-like proteins from various aerobes (Flavobacterium johnsoniae NBRC 14942, Pedobacter heparinus NBRC 12017, Dyadobacter fermentans ATCC 700827, Herpetosiphon aurantiacus ATCC 23779, Saccharophagus degradans ATCC 43961, Spirosoma linguale ATCC 33905, and Teredinibacter turnerae ATCC 39867), because aerobes, more easily cultured on a large scale than anaerobes, are applicable in industrial processes. …
NAID 130004138010

扁桃周囲膿瘍に対する至適抗菌薬の検討

長谷川博紀,伊藤真人,吉崎智一 [他],塚谷才明
耳鼻咽喉科臨床 106(7), 609-613, 2013
… In 18 cases (35%), only aerobes were cultured. … And in 16 cases (28%), both anaerobes and aerobes were cultured. … In 3 cases (5%), neither anaerobes nor aerobes were detected. … The rate of resistance to ABPC/SBT among the aerobes was less than or equal to the rate of the resistance of aerobes to ABPC (9.8%). …
NAID 130003374093

Related Pictures

aerobes require oxygen obligate strict Oxygen requirement can be observedby Obligate Aerobes http://www.studyblue.com Go Back > Gallery For > Obligate Aerobes Obligate+Aerobes Microbial Growth Obligate+Aerobes for identification of Print Micro Exam 2 flashcards | Easy aerobes-anaerobes