関: zonula adherens

WordNet

follow through or carry out a plan without deviation; "They adhered to their plan"
stick to firmly; "Will this wallpaper adhere to the wall?" (同)hold fast, bond, bind, stick, stick_to
be a devoted follower or supporter; "The residents of this village adhered to Catholicism"; "She sticks to her principles" (同)stick
be compatible or in accordance with; "You must adhere to the rules"
the state of being joined together (同)conjunction, conjugation, colligation
an act of joining or adjoining things (同)adjunction
something that joins or connects (同)conjunction
the place where two or more things come together

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈物が〉(…に)『くっつく』,付着する,粘着する《+『to』+『名』》 / 〈人が〉(決心・主義などに)執着する,固守する《+『to』+『名』》
〈U〉〈C〉連結すること(された状態),『結合』,連合,合体 / 〈C〉『結合点』,連結(接合,合流)点 / 〈C〉(鉄道の)『連絡駅』,接続駅

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/01/29 20:53:37」(JST)

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Principal interactions of structural proteins at cadherin-based adherens junction. Actin filaments are associated with adherens junctions in addition to several other actin-binding proteins such as vinculin. The head domain of vinculin associates to E-cadherin via α-, β - and γ -catenins. The tail domain of vinculin binds to membrane lipids and to actin filaments.

Adherens junctions (or zonula adherens, intermediate junction, or "belt desmosome"^[1]) are protein complexes that occur at cell–cell junctions in epithelial and endothelial tissues,^[2] usually more basal than tight junctions. An adherens junction is defined as a cell junction whose cytoplasmic face is linked to the actin cytoskeleton. They can appear as bands encircling the cell (zonula adherens) or as spots of attachment to the extracellular matrix (adhesion plaques).

A similar cell junction in non-epithelial, non-endothelial cells is the fascia adherens. It is structurally the same, but appears in ribbonlike patterns that do not completely encircle the cells. One example is in cardiomyocytes.

Proteins

Adherens junctions are composed of the following proteins:^[3]

cadherins. The cadherins are a family of transmembrane proteins that form homodimers in a calcium-dependent manner with other cadherin molecules on adjacent cells.
p120 (sometimes called delta catenin) binds the juxtamembrane region of the cadherin.
γ-catenin or gamma-catenin (plakoglobin) binds the catenin-binding region of the cadherin.
α-catenin or alpha-catenin binds the cadherin indirectly via β-catenin or plakoglobin and links the actin cytoskeleton with cadherin.

Models

Adherens junctions were, for many years, thought to share the characteristic of anchor cells through their cytoplasmic actin filaments.

The accepted model has been that adherens junctions serve as a bridge connecting the actin cytoskeleton of neighboring cells through direct interaction. However, scientists have not been able to isolate the quaternary complex of cadherin-βcatenin-αcatenin-actin in vitro. Recent data (2005) demonstrate that membrane- associated actin is several fold less stable compared to components of the adherens junctional complex.^[4]^[5]

Additionally, the authors found that monomeric α-catenin preferentially binds to the cadherin junction complex through β-catenin. Dimeric α-catenin preferentially binds to actin and suppresses Arp2/3 complex-mediated actin branching, thus acting as a molecular switch to regulate actin polymerization.

Adherens junctions may serve as a regulatory module to maintain the actin contractile ring with which it is associated in microscopic studies.

References

^ Pardo, JV, Craig, SW (1979). "alpha-Actinin localization in the junctional complex of intestinal epithelial cells". J Cell Biol 80: 203–210. doi:10.1083/jcb.80.1.203. Retrieved 15 October 2014.
^ Guo, Renyong; Sakamoto, Hiroshi; Sugiura, Shigeki (October 2006). "Endothelial Cell Motility Is Compatible With Junctional Integrity". Journal of Cellular Physiology 211: 327–335. doi:10.1002/jcp.20937.
^ Ferreri DM, Vincent PA (2008). "Signaling to and through the Endothelial Adherens Junction". In LaFlamme SE, Kowalczyck AP. Cell Junctions: Adhesion, Development, and Disease. Wiley VCH. ISBN 978-3-527-31882-7.
^ Yamada S, Pokutta S, Drees F, Weis W, Nelson W (2005). "Deconstructing the cadherin-catenin-actin complex.". Cell 123 (5): 889–901. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2005.09.020. PMC 3368712. PMID 16325582.
^ Drees F, Pokutta S, Yamada S, Nelson W, Weis W (2005). "Alpha-catenin is a molecular switch that binds E-cadherin-beta-catenin and regulates actin-filament assembly.". Cell 123 (5): 903–15. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2005.09.021. PMC 3369825. PMID 16325583.

External links

MBInfo - Adherens Junction
MBInfo - Adherens Junction Assembly
Adherens Junctions at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
Histology image: 20502loa – Histology Learning System at Boston University

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