WordNet

add a buffer (a solution); "buffered saline solution for the eyes"
(chemistry) an ionic compound that resists changes in its pH
(computer science) a part of RAM used for temporary storage of data that is waiting to be sent to a device; used to compensate for differences in the rate of flow of data between components of a computer system (同)buffer storage, buffer store
a cushion-like device that reduces shock due to an impact (同)fender
a power tool used to buff surfaces (同)polisher
of the yellowish-beige color of buff leather
a soft thick undyed leather from the skins of e.g. buffalo or oxen
an implement consisting of soft material mounted on a block; used for polishing (as in manicuring) (同)buffer
bare skin; naked; "swimming in the buff"
polish and make shiny; "buff the wooden floors"; "buff my shoes" (同)burnish, furbish

PrepTutorEJDIC

(鉄道車両などの衝突の衝撃を弱める)緩衝器 / 間に立って争いや衝突の働撃を弱める人(物) / 物をみがく人(道具) / …'を'緩和する,和らげる / …'を'緩衝液で処理する
ばかな老人 / やつ
〈U〉もみ皮(牛・水牛などから採った黄褐色の皮;レンズなどをみがくのに用いる) / 〈U〉黄褐色 / 〈U〉(物をみがくのに用いる皮を張った)とぎ革 / 〈U〉《話》《おもに英》素肌(すはだ) / 〈C〉《話》ファン,…狂(fan) / もみ皮製の / 黄褐色の / 〈金属〉'を'もみ皮でみがく

UpToDate Contents

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1. 乳酸アシドーシスにおける重炭酸療法 bicarbonate therapy in lactic acidosis
2. 成人における代謝性アシドーシスへのアプローチ approach to the adult with metabolic acidosis
3. 代謝性アシドーシスを有する小児に対するアプローチ approach to the child with metabolic acidosis
4. 高二酸化炭素血症の許容（Permissive hypercapnia） permissive hypercapnia
5. 非産科手術を受けた妊娠患者のマネージメント management of the pregnant patient undergoing nonobstetric surgery

English Journal

Elimination pathways of cyclosarin (GF) mediated by β-cyclodextrin in vitro: pharmacokinetic and toxicokinetic aspects.

Kranawetvogl A, Schüler J, Müller S, Thiermann H, Worek F, Reiter G.Author information Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstrasse 11, 80937 Munich, Germany.AbstractCyclodextrins (CD) are promising small molecular scavengers showing favourable degradation of extremely toxic organophosphorus compounds (OP) such as tabun (GA), soman (GD) or cyclosarin (GF). For β-CD derivatives as potential OP antidotes with low intrinsic toxicity it is of great interest to completely understand the modes of interaction of both compounds in terms of OP detoxification. The mechanisms of CD action are not completely understood which prompted us to investigate the interactions of GF and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) as model compounds. Using positive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI/MS), the formation of covalent conjugates of β-CD with O-cyclohexylmethylphosphonate (CHMP) residue was detected for the first time and was examined in vitro. With a newly developed LC-MS method the formation of O-cyclohexylmethylphosphonic acid (CHMPA) (i.e. GF hydrolysis) and covalent CHMP-β-CD conjugates was analyzed. Compared to water, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (TRIS) reduced the formation of covalent conjugates but amplified formation of CHMPA. Depending on experimental conditions the degradation of GF by β-CD may be preferably catalytic or stoichiometric. For illustrating different possible reaction pathways a scheme was established that could support the idea of β-CD acting as an artificial enzyme. These results provide an important insight into the β-CD mediated detoxification pathways of GF.
Toxicology letters.Toxicol Lett.2013 Oct 24;222(2):164-70. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.07.017. Epub 2013 Jul 29.
Cyclodextrins (CD) are promising small molecular scavengers showing favourable degradation of extremely toxic organophosphorus compounds (OP) such as tabun (GA), soman (GD) or cyclosarin (GF). For β-CD derivatives as potential OP antidotes with low intrinsic toxicity it is of great interest to comp
PMID 23906718

Fast and scalable purification of a therapeutic full-length antibody based on process crystallization.

Smejkal B, Agrawal NJ, Helk B, Schulz H, Giffard M, Mechelke M, Ortner F, Heckmeier P, Trout BL, Hekmat D.Author information Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität München, Boltzmannstrasse 15, Garching, Germany.AbstractThe potential of process crystallization for purification of a therapeutic monoclonal IgG1 antibody was studied. The purified antibody was crystallized in non-agitated micro-batch experiments for the first time. A direct crystallization from clarified CHO cell culture harvest was inhibited by high salt concentrations. The salt concentration of the harvest was reduced by a simple pretreatment step. The crystallization process from pretreated harvest was successfully transferred to stirred tanks and scaled-up from the mL-scale to the 1 L-scale for the first time. The crystallization yield after 24 h was 88-90%. A high purity of 98.5% was reached after a single recrystallization step. A 17-fold host cell protein reduction was achieved and DNA content was reduced below the detection limit. High biological activity of the therapeutic antibody was maintained during the crystallization, dissolving, and recrystallization steps. Crystallization was also performed with impure solutions from intermediate steps of a standard monoclonal antibody purification process. It was shown that process crystallization has a strong potential to replace Protein A chromatography. Fast dissolution of the crystals was possible. Furthermore, it was shown that crystallization can be used as a concentrating step and can replace several ultra-/diafiltration steps. Molecular modeling suggested that a negative electrostatic region with interspersed exposed hydrophobic residues on the Fv domain of this antibody is responsible for the high crystallization propensity. As a result, process crystallization, following the identification of highly crystallizable antibodies using molecular modeling tools, can be recognized as an efficient, scalable, fast, and inexpensive alternative to key steps of a standard purification process for therapeutic antibodies.
Biotechnology and bioengineering.Biotechnol Bioeng.2013 Sep;110(9):2452-61. doi: 10.1002/bit.24908. Epub 2013 Apr 22.
The potential of process crystallization for purification of a therapeutic monoclonal IgG1 antibody was studied. The purified antibody was crystallized in non-agitated micro-batch experiments for the first time. A direct crystallization from clarified CHO cell culture harvest was inhibited by high s
PMID 23532914

Effect of pressure-induced changes in the ionization equilibria of buffers on inactivation of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus by high hydrostatic pressure.

Gayán E, Condón S, Álvarez I, Nabakabaya M, Mackey B.Author information Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.AbstractSurvival rates of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus after high-pressure treatment in buffers that had large or small reaction volumes (ΔV°), and which therefore underwent large or small changes in pH under pressure, were compared. At a low buffer concentration of 0.005 M, survival was, as expected, better in MOPS (morpholinepropanesulfonic acid), HEPES, and Tris, whose ΔV° values are approximately 5.0 to 7.0 cm(3) mol(-1), than in phosphate or dimethyl glutarate (DMG), whose ΔV° values are about -25 cm(3) mol(-1). However, at a concentration of 0.1 M, survival was unexpectedly better in phosphate and DMG than in MOPS, HEPES, or Tris. This was because the baroprotective effect of phosphate and DMG increased much more rapidly with increasing concentration than it did with MOPS, HEPES, or Tris. Further comparisons of survival in solutions of salts expected to cause large electrostriction effects (Na2SO4 and CaCl2) and those causing lower electrostriction (NaCl and KCl) were made. The salts with divalent ions were protective at much lower concentrations than salts with monovalent ions. Buffers and salts both protected against transient membrane disruption in E. coli, but the molar concentrations necessary for membrane protection were much lower for phosphate and Na2SO4 than for HEPES and NaCl. Possible protective mechanisms discussed include effects of electrolytes on water compressibility and kosmotropic and specific ion effects. The results of this systematic study will be of considerable practical significance in studies of pressure inactivation of microbes under defined conditions but also raise important fundamental questions regarding the mechanisms of baroprotection by ionic solutes.
Applied and environmental microbiology.Appl Environ Microbiol.2013 Jul;79(13):4041-7. doi: 10.1128/AEM.00469-13. Epub 2013 Apr 26.
Survival rates of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus after high-pressure treatment in buffers that had large or small reaction volumes (ΔV°), and which therefore underwent large or small changes in pH under pressure, were compared. At a low buffer concentration of 0.005 M, survival was, as
PMID 23624471

Japanese Journal

Biochemical Characterization of an Acid Phosphatase from Thermus thermophilus

Tham Sy-Jye,Chang Ching-Dong,Huang Hao-Jen [他],LEE Yueh-Feng,HUANG Tze-Sing,CHANG Ching-Chun
Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry 74(4), 727-735, 2010-04-23
… In addition, the recombinant enzyme had activities in a wide range of pH, from 3.6 to 9.1, with optimal pH at 6 in acetate buffer and with optimal pH at 6.5 in Hepes buffer. …
NAID 10027553563

THE RELATION OF HYPERKALEMIA TO THE ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC CHANGES CAUSED BY ACIDEMIA

Wada Takao [他],HIGASHI FUYUHIKO,KATO EIICHI,ASANO SEIICHI
日本循環器学誌 37(8), 927-934, 1973-11-20
… When the acidemia was suppressed with a solution of Tris-buffer (THAM) containing potassium, T-wave changes were also suppressed in spite of the rise of plasma potassium level. …
NAID 110002613208