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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/06/14 10:30:22」(JST)

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This article is about the chemical widely used as a biochemical buffer. For other uses, see Tris (disambiguation).

Tris (also known as THAM) is an abbreviation of the organic compound known as tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, with the formula (HOCH₂)₃CNH₂. Tris is extensively used in biochemistry and molecular biology.^[1] In biochemistry, Tris is widely used as a component of buffer solutions, such as in TAE and TBE buffer, especially for solutions of nucleic acids. It is a primary amine and thus undergoes the reactions associated with typical amines, e.g. condensations with aldehydes.

Buffering features[edit]

Tris has a pK_a of 8.07 at 25 °C, which implies that the buffer has an effective pH range between 7.1 and 9.0.

Buffer details[edit]

The pK_a declines approximately 0.03 units per degree Celsius rise in temperature.^[2]^[3]
Silver-containing single-junction pH electrodes (e.g., silver chloride electrode) are incompatible with Tris (Ag-tris precipitation clogs the junction). Double-junction electrodes are resistant to this problem, and non-silver containing electrodes are immune.
Making buffer solutions by neutralizing TrisHCl requires attention to the attendant changes in ionic strength.

Buffer inhibition[edit]

Tris inhibits a number of enzymes,^[4]^[5] and therefore it should be used with care when studying proteins.

Preparation[edit]

Tris is prepared industrially in two steps from nitromethane via the intermediate (HOCH₂)₃CNO₂. Reduction of the latter gives tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane.^[6]

Uses[edit]

The useful buffer range for tris (7-9) coincides with the physiological pH typical of most living organisms. This, and its low cost, make tris one of the most common buffers in the biology/biochemistry laboratory. Tris is also used as a primary standard to standardize acid solutions for chemical analysis.

Tris is used to increase membrane permeability of cell membranes.^[7]

Medical[edit]

Tris (usually known as THAM in this context) is used as alternative to sodium bicarbonate in the treatment of metabolic acidosis.^[8]

References[edit]

^ Gomori, G., Preparation of Buffers for Use in Enzyme Studies. Methods Enzymology., 1, 138-146 (1955).
^ El-Harakany, A.A.; Abdel Halima, F.M. and Barakat, A.O. (1984). "Dissociation constants and related thermodynamic quantities of the protonated acid form of tris-(hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane in mixtures of 2-methoxyethanol and water at different temperatures". J. Electroanal. Chem. 162 (1–2): 285–305. doi:10.1016/S0022-0728(84)80171-0.
^ Vega, C.A.; Butler, R.A. et al. (1985). "Thermodynamics of the Dissociation of Protonated Tris(hydroxymethy1)aminomethane in 25 and 50 wt % 2-Propanol from 5 to 45 °C". J. Chem. Eng. Data 30 (4): 376–379. doi:10.1021/je00042a003.
^ Desmarais, WT; et al. (2002). "The 1.20 Å resolution crystal structure of the aminopeptidase from Aeromonas proteolytica complexed with Tris: A tale of buffer inhibition". Structure 10 (8): 1063–1072. doi:10.1016/S0969-2126(02)00810-9. PMID 12176384.
^ Ghalanbor, Z; et al. (2008). "Binding of Tris to Bacillus licheniformis alpha-amylase can affect its starch hydrolysis activity". Protein Peptide Lett. 15 (2): 212–214. doi:10.2174/092986608783489616. PMID 18289113.
^ Markofsky, Sheldon B. (2000). Nitro Compounds, Aliphatic. doi:10.1002/14356007.a17_401.
^ Irvin, R.T.; MacAlister, T.J.; Costerton, J.W. (1981). "Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane Buffer Modification of Escherichia coli Outer Membrane Permeability". J. Bacteriol 145 (3): 1397–1403.
^ Kallet, RH; Jasmer RM, Luce JM et al. (2000). "The treatment of acidosis in acute lung injury with tris-hydroxymethyl aminomethane (THAM)". American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 161 (4): 1149–1153. PMID 10764304.

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Intensive buffering can keep pH above 7.2 for over 4 h during apnea: an experimental porcine study.

Höstman S, Engström J, Hedenstierna G, Larsson A.SourceHedenstierna laboratory, Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica.Acta Anaesthesiol Scand.2013 Jan;57(1):63-70. doi: 10.1111/aas.12012. Epub 2012 Nov 21.
BACKGROUND: Ventilation with low tidal volumes reduces mortality in acute respiratory distress syndrome. A further reduction of tidal volumes might be beneficial, and it is known that apneic oxygenation (no tidal volumes) with arteriovenous CO(2) removal can keep acid-base balance and oxygenation n
PMID 23167283

Development, evaluation and pharmacokinetics of time-dependent ketorolac tromethamine tablets.

Vemula SK, Veerareddy PR.SourceChaitanya College of Pharmacy Education and Research, Department of Pharmaceutics , Kishanpura, Hanamkonda, Warangal, Andhra Pradesh, 506001 , India +91 9989804999 ; vpreddyindia@gmail.com.
Expert opinion on drug delivery.Expert Opin Drug Deliv.2013 Jan;10(1):33-45. doi: 10.1517/17425247.2013.743528. Epub 2012 Nov 30.
Objective: The present study was intended to develop a time-dependent colon-targeted compression-coated tablets of ketorolac tromethamine (KTM) using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) that release the drug slowly but completely in the colonic region by retarding the drug releases in stomach and
PMID 23199134

Japanese Journal

Association of mast cell-derived VEGF and proteases in dengue shock syndrome

Furuta Takahisa,Murao Lyre Anni,Lan Nguyen Thi Phuong,Huy Nguyen Tien,Huong Vu Thi Que,Thuy Tran Thi,Tham Vo Dinh,Nga Cao Thi Phi,Ha Tran Thi Ngoc,Ohmoto Yasukazu,Kikuchi Mihoko,Morita Kouichi,Yasunami Michio,Hirayama Kenji,Watanabe Naohiro
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 6(2), e1505, 2012-02-21
Background: Recent in-vitro studies have suggested that mast cells are involved in Dengue virus infection. To clarify the role of mast cells in the development of clinical Dengue fever, we compared th …
NAID 120004442177

Fe_3O_4/o-Carboxymethyl Chitosan/Curcumin-based Nanodrug System for Chemotherapy and Fluorescence Imaging in HT29 Cancer Cell Line

THU Ha Phuong,HUONG Le Thi Thu,NHUNG Hoang Thi My,THAM Nguyen Thi,TU Nguyen Dac,THI Ha Thi Minh,HANH Pham Thi Bich,NGUYET Tran Thi Minh,QUY Nguyen Thi,NAM Pham Hong,LAM Tran Dai,PHUC Nguyen Xuan,QUANG Duong Tuan
Chemistry letters 40(11), 1264-1266, 2011-11-05
NAID 10030220182

Related Pictures

Tham & Videgard Hansson Arkitekter: House dr mathilda tham dr mathilda tham applies Caster Tham Wilhelm Tham. Omslagsbild till Hvar 8 dag Tham Krasae Tham & Videgård Arkitekter tham jang jang cave or tham tham jang

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「Tris」「tromethamine」
関連記事	「TH」

「Tris」

Tris
	IUPAC name 2-Amino-2-hydroxymethyl-propane-1,3-diol
	Other names TRIS, Tris, Tris base, Tris buffer,; TrizmaTM, Trisamine, THAM,; Tromethamine, Trometamol, Tromethane, Trisaminol
Identifiers
CAS number	77-86-1
PubChem	6503
ChemSpider	6257
UNII	023C2WHX2V
KEGG	D00396
ChEBI	CHEBI:9754
ChEMBL	CHEMBL1200391
RTECS number	TY2900000
ATC code	B05BB03,B05XX02
Jmol-3D images	Image 1
	SMILES OCC(N)(CO)CO ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C4H11NO3/c5-4(1-6,2-7)3-8/h6-8H,1-3,5H2 ; Key: LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N InChI=1/C4H11NO3/c5-4(1-6,2-7)3-8/h6-8H,1-3,5H2; Key: LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYAN ;
Properties
Molecular formula	C4H11NO3
Molar mass	121.14 g mol−1
Appearance	White crystalline powder
Density	1.328g/cm3
Melting point	>175-176 °C (448-449 K)
Boiling point	219 °C, 492 K, 426 °F
Solubility in water	~50 g/100 mL (25 °C)
Acidity (pKa)	8.07
Hazards
MSDS	External MSDS
R-phrases	R36 R37 R38
S-phrases	S26 S36
Main hazards	Irritant
NFPA 704	0 2 0
Flash point	Non-flammable
	(verify) (what is: /?); Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
	Infobox references

　　[★]

日: トリス、トリスヒドロキシメチルアミノメタン
英: tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, THAM
関: tris、緩衝液

「tromethamine」

　　[★] トロメタミン THAM

「TH」

　　[★]

[1] Gomori, G., Preparation of Buffers for Use in Enzyme Studies. Methods Enzymology., 1, 138-146 (1955).

[El-Harakany-2] El-Harakany, A.A.; Abdel Halima, F.M. and Barakat, A.O. (1984). "Dissociation constants and related thermodynamic quantities of the protonated acid form of tris-(hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane in mixtures of 2-methoxyethanol and water at different temperatures". J. Electroanal. Chem. 162 (1–2): 285–305. doi:10.1016/S0022-0728(84)80171-0.

[Vega-3] Vega, C.A.; Butler, R.A. et al. (1985). "Thermodynamics of the Dissociation of Protonated Tris(hydroxymethy1)aminomethane in 25 and 50 wt % 2-Propanol from 5 to 45 °C". J. Chem. Eng. Data 30 (4): 376–379. doi:10.1021/je00042a003.

[D-4] Desmarais, WT; et al. (2002). "The 1.20 Å resolution crystal structure of the aminopeptidase from Aeromonas proteolytica complexed with Tris: A tale of buffer inhibition". Structure 10 (8): 1063–1072. doi:10.1016/S0969-2126(02)00810-9. PMID 12176384.

[g-5] Ghalanbor, Z; et al. (2008). "Binding of Tris to Bacillus licheniformis alpha-amylase can affect its starch hydrolysis activity". Protein Peptide Lett. 15 (2): 212–214. doi:10.2174/092986608783489616. PMID 18289113.

[6] Markofsky, Sheldon B. (2000). Nitro Compounds, Aliphatic. doi:10.1002/14356007.a17_401.

[7] Irvin, R.T.; MacAlister, T.J.; Costerton, J.W. (1981). "Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane Buffer Modification of Escherichia coli Outer Membrane Permeability". J. Bacteriol 145 (3): 1397–1403.

[Kallet-8] Kallet, RH; Jasmer RM, Luce JM et al. (2000). "The treatment of acidosis in acute lung injury with tris-hydroxymethyl aminomethane (THAM)". American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 161 (4): 1149–1153. PMID 10764304.

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THAM