WordNet

remove the core or center from; "core an apple"
(computer science) a tiny ferrite toroid formerly used in a random access memory to store one bit of data; now superseded by semiconductor memories; "each core has three wires passing through it, providing the means to select and detect the contents of each bit" (同)magnetic core
a bar of magnetic material (as soft iron) that passes through a coil and serves to increase the inductance of the coil
the chamber of a nuclear reactor containing the fissile material where the reaction takes place
a small group of indispensable persons or things; "five periodicals make up the core of their publishing program" (同)nucleus, core group
a cylindrical sample of soil or rock obtained with a hollow drill
the center of an object; "the ball has a titanium core"
the central part of the Earth
the 18th letter of the Roman alphabet (同)r
any of several complex proteins that are produced by cells and act as catalysts in specific biochemical reactions

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈C〉(果物の)『しん』 / 〈U〉(物事の)核心 / 〈C〉(電気の)磁心,磁極鉄心 / …‘の'しんを抜く
resistance / 17歳以下父兄同伴映画の表示 / rook
酵素
ribonucleic acid・リボ核酸
(驚いて)わあっ,えっ

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 強皮症腎クリーゼを含む全身性硬化症（強皮症）における腎疾患 renal disease in systemic sclerosis scleroderma including scleroderma renal crisis
2. 急性骨髄性白血病の分子遺伝学 molecular genetics of acute myeloid leukemia
3. 一般的なB型肝炎ウイルス亜種の臨床的意義および分子学的特徴 clinical significance and molecular characteristics of common hepatitis b virus variants
4. C型肝炎ウイルス感染治療のための直接作用型抗ウイルス薬 direct acting antivirals for the treatment of hepatitis c virus infection
5. 全身疾患と関連した遺伝性ニューロパチー hereditary neuropathies associated with generalized disorders

English Journal

Helicobacter pylori RNA polymerase α-subunit C-terminal domain shows features unique to ɛ-proteobacteria and binds NikR/DNA complexes.

Borin BN1, Tang W, Krezel AM.Author information 1Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232.AbstractBacterial RNA polymerase is a large, multi-subunit enzyme responsible for transcription of genomic information. The C-terminal domain of the α subunit of RNA polymerase (αCTD) functions as a DNA and protein recognition element localizing the polymerase on certain promoter sequences and is essential in all bacteria. Although αCTD is part of RNA polymerase, it is thought to have once been a separate transcription factor, and its primary role is the recruitment of RNA polymerase to various promoters. Despite the conservation of the subunits of RNA polymerase among bacteria, the mechanisms of regulation of transcription vary significantly. We have determined the tertiary structure of Helicobacter pylori αCTD. It is larger than other structurally determined αCTDs due to an extra, highly amphipathic helix near the C-terminal end. Residues within this helix are highly conserved among ɛ-proteobacteria. The surface of the domain that binds A/T rich DNA sequences is conserved and showed binding to DNA similar to αCTDs of other bacteria. Using several NikR dependent promoter sequences, we observed cooperative binding of H. pylori αCTD to NikR:DNA complexes. We also produced αCTD lacking the 19 C-terminal residues, which showed greatly decreased stability, but maintained the core domain structure and binding affinity to NikR:DNA at low temperatures. The modeling of H. pylori αCTD into the context of transcriptional complexes suggests that the additional amphipathic helix mediates interactions with transcriptional regulators.
Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society.Protein Sci.2014 Apr;23(4):454-63. doi: 10.1002/pro.2427. Epub 2014 Feb 4.
Bacterial RNA polymerase is a large, multi-subunit enzyme responsible for transcription of genomic information. The C-terminal domain of the α subunit of RNA polymerase (αCTD) functions as a DNA and protein recognition element localizing the polymerase on certain promoter sequences and is essentia
PMID 24442709

Ty3 reverse transcriptase complexed with an RNA-DNA hybrid shows structural and functional asymmetry.

Nowak E1, Miller JT2, Bona MK2, Studnicka J1, Szczepanowski RH3, Jurkowski J1, Le Grice SF2, Nowotny M1.Author information 1Laboratory of Protein Structure, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland.2Reverse Transcriptase Biochemistry Section, HIV Drug Resistance Program, Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, Maryland, USA.3Biophysics Core Facility, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland.AbstractRetrotransposons are a class of mobile genetic elements that replicate by converting their single-stranded RNA intermediate to double-stranded DNA through the combined DNA polymerase and ribonuclease H (RNase H) activities of the element-encoded reverse transcriptase (RT). Although a wealth of structural information is available for lentiviral and gammaretroviral RTs, equivalent studies on counterpart enzymes of long terminal repeat (LTR)-containing retrotransposons, from which they are evolutionarily derived, is lacking. In this study, we report the first crystal structure of a complex of RT from the Saccharomyces cerevisiae LTR retrotransposon Ty3 in the presence of its polypurine tract-containing RNA-DNA hybrid. In contrast to its retroviral counterparts, Ty3 RT adopts an asymmetric homodimeric architecture whose assembly is substrate dependent. Moreover, our structure and biochemical data suggest that the RNase H and DNA polymerase activities are contributed by individual subunits of the homodimer.
Nature structural & molecular biology.Nat Struct Mol Biol.2014 Mar 9. doi: 10.1038/nsmb.2785. [Epub ahead of print]
Retrotransposons are a class of mobile genetic elements that replicate by converting their single-stranded RNA intermediate to double-stranded DNA through the combined DNA polymerase and ribonuclease H (RNase H) activities of the element-encoded reverse transcriptase (RT). Although a wealth of struc
PMID 24608367

New perspectives on the diversification of the RNA interference system: insights from comparative genomics and small RNA sequencing.

Burroughs AM1, Ando Y, Aravind L.Author information 1National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.AbstractOur understanding of the pervasive involvement of small RNAs in regulating diverse biological processes has been greatly augmented by recent application of deep-sequencing technologies to small RNA across diverse eukaryotes. We review the currently known small RNA classes and place them in context of the reconstructed evolutionary history of the RNA interference (RNAi) protein machinery. This synthesis indicates that the earliest versions of eukaryotic RNAi systems likely utilized small RNA processed from three types of precursors: (1) sense-antisense transcriptional products, (2) genome-encoded, imperfectly complementary hairpin sequences, and (3) larger noncoding RNA precursor sequences. Structural dissection of PIWI proteins along with recent discovery of novel families (including Med13 of the Mediator complex) suggest that emergence of a distinct architecture with the N-terminal domains (also occurring separately fused to endoDNases in prokaryotes) formed via duplication of an ancestral unit was key to their recruitment as primary RNAi effectors and use of small RNAs of certain preferred lengths. Prokaryotic PIWI proteins are typically components of several RNA-directed DNA restriction or CRISPR/Cas systems. However, eukaryotic versions appear to have emerged from a subset that evolved RNA-directed RNAi. They were recruited alongside RNaseIII domains and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) domains, also from prokaryotic systems, to form the core eukaryotic RNAi system. Like certain regulatory systems, RNAi diversified into two distinct but linked arms concomitant with eukaryotic nucleocytoplasmic compartmentalization. Subsequent elaboration of RNAi proceeded via diversification of the core protein machinery through lineage-specific expansions and recruitment of new components from prokaryotes (nucleases and small RNA-modifying enzymes), allowing for diversification of associating small RNAs. WIREs RNA 2014, 5:141-182. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1210 Conflict of interest: The authors have declared no conflicts of interest for this article. For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. RNA.Wiley Interdiscip Rev RNA.2014 Mar;5(2):141-81. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1210. Epub 2013 Dec 5.
Our understanding of the pervasive involvement of small RNAs in regulating diverse biological processes has been greatly augmented by recent application of deep-sequencing technologies to small RNA across diverse eukaryotes. We review the currently known small RNA classes and place them in context o
PMID 24311560

Japanese Journal

The Genome of Bacillus subtilis Phage SP10 : A Comparative Analysis with Phage SPO1

Yee Lii Mien,Matsumoto Takashi,Yano Koichi [他],MATSUOKA Satoshi,SADAIE Yoshito,YOSHIKAWA Hirofumi,ASAI Kei
Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry 75(5), 944-952, 2011-05-23
… It was observed that RNA polymerase containing sigma-A was inactive in directing the host genes but active in directing the phage genes. … It appeared that the association of sigma-A with the core enzyme complex of RNA polymerase was strengthened during development. …
NAID 10028272756

Comparison of Hepatitis B Virus DNA, RNA, and Core Related Antigen as Predictors of Lamivudine Resistance in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B

Matsumoto Akihiro,Maki Noboru,Yoshizawa Kaname [他],UMEMURA Takeji,JOSHITA Satoru,TANAKA Eiji
信州医学雑誌 58(4), 153-162, 2010
… The clinical usefulness of hepatitis B virus (HBV)DNA, RNA, and core related antigen (HBcrAg)assays for predicting the appearance of HBV DNA breakthrough was evaluated and compared in patients with chronic hepatitis B undergoing lamivudine therapy.Methods :Thirty six patients with chronic hepatitis B who received lamivudine therapy for more than 1 year were enrolled. …
NAID 120002317504

Transcriptional analysis of the ylaABCD operon of Bacillus subtilis encoding a sigma factor of extracytoplasmic function family

Matsumoto Takashi,Nakanishi Kaoru,Asai Kei [他],SADAIE Yoshito
Genes & genetic systems 80(6), 385-393, 2005-12-25
… On the other hand the transcription from the internal promoter was induced by oxidative stress and depended on Spx, which is an oxidative stress responding factor interacting with the alpha subunit of RNA polymerase core enzyme. …
NAID 10020534735