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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/11/08 23:49:52」(JST)

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General chemical structure of PCDFs, where 2 ≤ n+m ≤ 8

Structures of the ten 2,3,7,8-substituted PCDF congeners that are toxicologically of most relevance

Polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) are a family of organic compounds with one or several of the hydrogens in the dibenzofuran structure replaced by chlorines. For example, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran (TCDF) has chlorine atoms substituted for each of the hydrogens on the number 2, 3, 7, and 8 carbons (see structure in the upper left corner of the second image). Polychlorinated dibenzofurans are much more toxic than the parent compounds, with properties and chemical structures similar to polychlorinated dibenzodioxins. These groups together are often inaccurately called dioxins. They are known teratogens, mutagens, and suspected human carcinogens. PCDFs tend to co-occur with polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs). PCDFs can be formed by pyrolysis or incineration at temperatures below 1200 °C of chlorine containing products, such as PVC, PCBs, and other organochlorides, or of non-chlorine containing products in the presence of chlorine donors.^[1] Dibenzofurans are known persistent organic pollutants (POP), classified among the dirty dozen in the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants.

Safety, toxicity, regulation

Occupational exposure to dibenzofuran may occur through inhalation and contact with the skin, particularly at sites where coal tar, coal tar derivatives, and creosote are produced or used.^[2]^[3]

Fish and dairy intake also have been studied in relation to the body burden of dibenzofuran in pregnant women.^[4] Consumption of contaminated water and food are the primary sources of exposure.^[5]

Dibenzofuran is excreted 22% the daily intake of dioxins from meals is excreted from feces and 29% from sebum.^{[clarification needed]}^[6]

Dibenzofuran is cited in the United States Clean Air Act 1990 Amendments -Hazardous Air Pollutants as a volatile hazardous air pollutant of potential concern. The Superfund Amendment Reauthorization Act (SARA) Section 110 placed dibenzofuran on the revised Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) priority list of hazardous substances to be the subject of a toxicological profile. The listing was based on the substance’s frequency of occurrence at Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) National Priorities List sites, its toxicity, and/or its potential for human exposure. Dibenzofuran is also listed in the Massachusetts Substance List for Right-to-Know Law, the New Jersey Department of Health Hazard Right-to-Know Program Hazardous Substance List, and the Pennsylvania Department of Labor and Industry Hazardous Substance List. California’s Air Toxics “Hot Spots” List (Assembly Bill).^[7]

References

^ "Proceedings of the Subregional Awareness Raising Workshop on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), Bangkok, Thailand". United Nations Environment Programme. November 25–28, 1997. Retrieved 2007-12-11. CS1 maint: Date and year (link)
^ U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB, online database).
^ Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran concentrations in serum samples of workers at intermittently burning municipal waste incinerators in Japan. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2002;59:362-368
^ Associations of diet with body burden of dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs): observations on pregnant women from central Taiwan. Food Addit Contam. 2007 Jul;24(7):784-91
^ Congener-Specific Levels of Dioxins and Dibenzofurans in U.S. Food and Estimated Daily Dioxin Toxic Equivalent Intake. The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS).
^ Balance of Intake and Excretion of 20 Congeners of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxin, Polychlorinated Dibenzofuran and Coplanar Polychlorinated Biphenyl in Healthy Japanese Men. J Health Sci. VOL.47; NO.2; PAGE.145-154(2001)
^ http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/htdocs/Chem_Background/ExSumPdf/Dibenzofuran.pdf

Further resources

Synopsis on dioxins and PCBs
Chemical Profile: DIBENZOFURANS (CHLORINATED)
NPI Polychlorinated dioxins and furans fact sheet

English Journal

Analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in particulate and oily films on impervious surfaces.

Klees M1, Hiester E2, Schmidt TC3.
The Science of the total environment.Sci Total Environ.2015 Dec 15;538:363-74. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.08.054. Epub 2015 Aug 25.
During this study wipe sampling was applied to various impervious surfaces for the determination of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/PCDFs) area concentrations. To that end, a wipe sampling method based on solvent wetted cotton wipes was
PMID 26318221

Thermal desorption of PCBs from contaminated soil with copper dichloride.

Liu J1, Qi Z1, Li X2, Chen T1, Buekens A1, Yan J1, Ni M1.
Environmental science and pollution research international.Environ Sci Pollut Res Int.2015 Dec;22(23):19093-100. doi: 10.1007/s11356-015-5113-3. Epub 2015 Aug 2.
Copper dichloride is an important catalyst both in the dechlorination of chlorinated aromatic compounds and the formation of PCDD/Fs. The effect of copper dichloride on polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) was studied
PMID 26233752

Gaseous emissions from sewage sludge combustion in a moving bed combustor.

Batistella L1, Silva V2, Suzin RC2, Virmond E3, Althoff CA4, Moreira RF2, José HJ2.
Waste management (New York, N.Y.).Waste Manag.2015 Dec;46:430-9. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.08.039. Epub 2015 Aug 31.
Substantial increase in sewage sludge generation in recent years requires suitable destination for this residue. This study evaluated the gaseous emissions generated during combustion of an aerobic sewage sludge in a pilot scale moving bed reactor. To utilize the heat generated during combustion, th
PMID 26337961

Japanese Journal

油症における抗SS-A/Ro抗体および抗SS-B/La抗体の検討

辻博
Fukuoka Acta Medica 106(5), 119-123, 2015-05-25
… To investigate chronic immune effects of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDF), anti-SSA/Ro and anti-SSB/La antibodies were studied in serum of 213 patients with Yusho and 63 control subjects in 2013. …
NAID 120005624036

Levels of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans in breast milk samples from three dioxin-contaminated hotspots of Vietnam

Manh Ho Dung,Kido Teruhiko,Tai Pham The,Okamoto Rie,Honma Seijiro,Liang Sun Xian,Anh Le Thai,Maruzeni Shoko,Nghi Tran Ngoc,Nishijo Muneko,Nakagawa Hideaki,Nhu Dang Duc,Tung Dao Van,Hung Nguyen Ngoc,Son Le Ke
Science of the Total Environment 511, 416-422, 2015-04-01
… We determined polychlorinated dibenzodioxin (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDF) levels in breast milk of 143 primiparae living around the three most dioxin-contaminated areas of Vietnam. … 26), but not other PCDD and PCDF (PCDD/F) congeners. …
NAID 120005537894

Isomer pattern and elimination of dioxins in workers exposed at a municipal waste incineration plant

YAMAMOTO Kenya,KUDO Mitsuhiro,ARITO Heihachiro,OGAWA Yasutaka,TAKATA Tsutomu
Industrial Health advpub(0), 2015
… The serum TEQ concentrations of PCDF and PCDD congeners in the employees were higher than those in the general population surveyed by Ministry of the Environment, Japan, whereas the serum concentrations of coplanar-PCBs were similar to those in the general population. …
NAID 130005083588

Related Pictures

PCDF lança edital de concurso público Brasil - PCDF - Abordagem Policial PCDF pCDF-2 Ek/LIC Sequence and Map pCDF-2 Ek/LIC, Image made with PlasMapper Concurso Delegado PCDF 2015: Todos os PCDF | Flickr - Photo Sharing! Chemical details about DGE thermolysis

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「ポリ塩化ジベンゾフラン」
関連記事	「PC」「PCD」

「ポリ塩化ジベンゾフラン」

ジベンゾフラン
識別情報
CAS登録番号	132-64-9
PubChem	568
ChemSpider	551
KEGG	C07729
ChEBI	CHEBI:28145
ChEMBL	CHEMBL277497
	SMILES o2c1ccccc1c3c2cccc3;
	InChI InChI=1S/C12H8O/c1-3-7-11-9(5-1)10-6-2-4-8-12(10)13-11/h1-8H ; Key: TXCDCPKCNAJMEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N InChI=1/C12H8O/c1-3-7-11-9(5-1)10-6-2-4-8-12(10)13-11/h1-8H; Key: TXCDCPKCNAJMEE-UHFFFAOYAX;
特性
化学式	C12H8O
モル質量	168.19 g/mol
外観	白色または薄黄色の粉末
融点	81 - 85 °C
沸点	285 °C
水への溶解度	溶けない
危険性
Rフレーズ	R51/53
Sフレーズ	S24/25 S29 S61
関連する物質
関連物質	フラン (化学); ベンゾフラン; ジベンゾジオキシン; ジベンゾチオフェン; カルバゾール; ポリオゼリン
	特記なき場合、データは常温 (25 °C)・常圧 (100 kPa) におけるものである。