WordNet

sound loudly and sonorously; "the bells rang" (同)peal
a toroidal shape; "a ring of ships in the harbor"; "a halo of smoke" (同)halo, annulus, doughnut, anchor ring
jewelry consisting of a circlet of precious metal (often set with jewels) worn on the finger; "she had rings on every finger"; "he noted that she wore a wedding band" (同)band
a characteristic sound; "it has the ring of sincerity"
a platform usually marked off by ropes in which contestants box or wrestle
the sound of a bell ringing; "the distinctive ring of the church bell"; "the ringing of the telephone"; "the tintinnabulation that so voluminously swells from the ringing and the dinging of the bells"--E. A. Poe (同)ringing, tintinnabulation
attach a ring to the foot of, in order to identify; "ring birds"; "band the geese to observe their migratory patterns" (同)band
make (bells) ring, often for the purposes of musical edification; "Ring the bells"; "My uncle rings every Sunday at the local church" (同)knell
gymnastic apparatus consisting of a pair of heavy metal circles (usually covered with leather) suspended by ropes; used for gymnastic exercises; "the rings require a strong upper body"
the giving of a ring as a token of engagement

PrepTutorEJDIC

『指輪』 / 『輪』,環;輪形,円形 / (円形の)サーカス演技場,公演場,競技場;(ボクシング・レスリングの)リング / 《複数形で》(体操の)つり輪 / (不法な目的で結託した)(…の)徒党,一味《+『of』+『名』》 / (原子の)環 / …を円形に取り囲む,円で囲む《+『about』(『around』,《英》『round』)+『名,』+『名』+『about』(『around』,《英》『round』)+『名』》 / 〈動物〉‘に'鼻輪(首輪,足輪)をはめる / (遊びで)…‘に'輪を投げる / 環状に動く,輪を描く
〈鐘・ベルなどが〉『鳴る』 / 《『ring』+『形』〈補〉》(…のように)聞こえる / (…を)ベルを鳴らして求める《+『for』+『名』》 / 〈音声・楽器などが〉鳴り響く;〈場所が〉(音などで)満ちる《+『with』+『名』》 / 耳鳴りがする / 〈鐘・ベルなど〉‘を'『鳴らす』 / 〈人〉‘を'(鐘などを)『鳴らして呼ぶ』;…‘を'鐘を鳴らして知らせる / 《英》…‘に'電話をかける《+『up』+『名』,+『名』+『up』》 / 《単数形で》(鐘・ベルなどの)『鳴る音,響き』《+『of』+『名』》 / 鐘(ベルなど)を鳴らすこと;ベル(など)が鳴ること / 《単数形で》(…の)固有の響き,調子,感じ《+『of』+『名』》 / 《話》電話をかけること

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/03/10 14:33:37」(JST)

wiki en

Kayser–Fleischer rings (KF rings) are dark rings that appear to encircle the iris of the eye. They are due to copper deposition in part of the cornea (Descemet's membrane) as a result of particular liver diseases.^[1] They are named after Dr. Bernhard Kayser and Dr. Bruno Fleischer, the German doctors who first described them in 1902 and 1903.^[2]^[3]^[4] Initially thought to be due to the accumulation of silver, they were first demonstrated to contain copper in 1934.^[5]

Detection

As Kayser–Fleischer rings do not cause any symptoms, it is common for them to be identified during investigations for other medical conditions. In certain situations, they are actively sought; in that case, the early stages may be detected by slit lamp examination before they become visible to the naked eye.^[1]

Appearance

The rings, which consist of copper deposits where the cornea meets the sclera, in Descemet's membrane, first appear as a crescent at the top of the cornea. Eventually, a second crescent forms below, at 6 o'clock, and ultimately completely encircles the cornea.^[1]^[6]

Associations

Kayser–Fleischer rings are a sign of Wilson's disease, which involves abnormal copper handling by the liver resulting in copper accumulation in the body and is characterised by abnormalities of the basal ganglia of the brain, liver cirrhosis, splenomegaly, involuntary movements, muscle rigidity, psychiatric disturbances, dystonia and dysphagia. The combination of neurological symptoms, a low blood ceruloplasmin level and KF rings is diagnostic of Wilson's disease.^[1]

Other causes of KF rings are cholestasis (obstruction of the bile ducts), primary biliary cirrhosis and "cryptogenic" cirrhosis (cirrhosis in which no cause can be identified).^[1]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e McDonnell G, Esmonde T (1999). "A homesick student". Postgrad Med J. 75 (884): 375–8. doi:10.1136/pgmj.75.884.375. PMC 1741256. PMID 10435182.
^ Kayser B (1902). "Über einen Fall von angeborener grünlicher Verfärbung des Cornea". Klin Monatsbl Augenheilk. 40 (2): 22–25.
^ Fleischer B (1903). "Zwei weitere Fälle von grünlicher Verfärbung der Kornea". Klin Monatsbl Augenheilk. 41 (1): 489–491.
^ synd/1758 at Who Named It?
^ Gerlach W, Rohrschneider W (1934). "Besteht das Pigment des Kayser-Fleischerschen Hornhautringes aus Silber?". Klin Wochenschr. 13: 48–49. doi:10.1007/BF01799043.
^ -1684406263 at GPnotebook

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. ウィルソン病：診断のための検査 wilson disease diagnostic tests
2. ウィルソン病：臨床症状、診断、および自然史 wilson disease clinical manifestations diagnosis and natural history
3. 原発性胆汁性胆管炎（原発性胆汁性肝硬変）の臨床症状、診断、および予後 clinical manifestations diagnosis and prognosis of primary biliary cholangitis primary biliary cirrhosis
4. 遺伝性運動失調の概要 overview of the hereditary ataxias
5. 小児における急性発症性精神病の救急外来による評価 emergency department evaluation of acute onset psychosis in children

English Journal

Anterior segment optical coherence tomography to look for Kayser-Fleischer rings.

Sridhar MS1, Pineda R2.
Practical neurology.Pract Neurol.2017 Mar 7. pii: practneurol-2017-001605. doi: 10.1136/practneurol-2017-001605. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID 28270445

Advantages of Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography Evaluation of the Kayser-Fleischer Ring in Wilson Disease.

Sridhar MS1.
Cornea.Cornea.2017 Mar;36(3):343-346. doi: 10.1097/ICO.0000000000001126.
PMID 28060027

Clinical features and outcome in patients with osseomuscular type of Wilson's disease.

Yu H1, Xie JJ1, Chen YC2, Dong QY3, Dong Y1, Ni W1, Wu ZY4,5.
BMC neurology.BMC Neurol.2017 Feb 17;17(1):34. doi: 10.1186/s12883-017-0818-1.
PMID 28212618

Japanese Journal

Epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of Wilson's disease

Intractable & Rare Diseases Research 6(4), 249-255, 2017
NAID 130006252913

長期にわたり統合失調症として加療されたウイルソン病の1例

肝臓 53(12), 814-820, 2012-12-25
NAID 10031144305

遺伝性銅代謝異常症‐特にＷｉｌｓｏｎ病の診断および最新の治療‐:特にWilson病の診断および最新の治療

脳と発達 37(2), 99-109, 2005
NAID 130004183720

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「カイザー・フライシャー角膜輪」
関連記事	「ring」

「カイザー・フライシャー角膜輪」

Kayser-Fleischer ring
	A Kayser-Fleischer ring in a 32-year-old patient who had longstanding speech difficulties and tremor.
Classification and external resources
Specialty	ophthalmology
ICD-10	H18.0
ICD-9-CM	371.14
DiseasesDB	30056
	[edit on Wikidata]

　　[★]

英: Kayser-Fleischer ring, Kayser-Fleischer rings
同: Kayser-Fleischer角膜輸、Kayser-Fleischer輪、カイザー・フライシャー輪
関: ウィルソン病

「ring」

　　[★]

n.

環、リング、輪、(心臓の)弁輪

関: annulus、circle、loop、wheel

[McDonnell-1] McDonnell G, Esmonde T (1999). "A homesick student". Postgrad Med J. 75 (884): 375–8. doi:10.1136/pgmj.75.884.375. PMC 1741256. PMID 10435182.

[2] Kayser B (1902). "Über einen Fall von angeborener grünlicher Verfärbung des Cornea". Klin Monatsbl Augenheilk. 40 (2): 22–25.

[3] Fleischer B (1903). "Zwei weitere Fälle von grünlicher Verfärbung der Kornea". Klin Monatsbl Augenheilk. 41 (1): 489–491.

[4] synd/1758 at Who Named It?

[5] Gerlach W, Rohrschneider W (1934). "Besteht das Pigment des Kayser-Fleischerschen Hornhautringes aus Silber?". Klin Wochenschr. 13: 48–49. doi:10.1007/BF01799043.

[6] -1684406263 at GPnotebook

v t e Symptoms and medical signs relating to the eye

Adnexa	lacrimal: Schirmer's test eyelid: Abadie's sign of exophthalmic goiter Boston's sign Dalrymple's sign Stellwag's sign

Globe	pupil: Argyll Robertson pupils Adie pupil Marcus Gunn pupil iris: Fleischer ring Kayser-Fleischer ring Brushfield spots Lisch nodule conjunctiva: Bitot's spots Arlt's line retina: Hollenhorst plaque Roth's spot Fuchs spot others: Alexander's law Hirschberg test Siegrist streaks Hudson–Stahli line

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案内

案内

Kayser-Fleischer rings