WordNet

of or relating to or characteristic of Japan or its people or their culture or language; "the Japanese Emperor"; "Japanese cars" (同)Nipponese
a native or inhabitant of Japan (同)Nipponese
the language (usually considered to be Altaic) spoken by the Japanese
immunogen consisting of a suspension of weakened or dead pathogenic cells injected in order to stimulate the production of antibodies (同)vaccinum
inflammation of the brain usually caused by a virus; symptoms include headache and neck pain and drowsiness and nausea and fever (`phrenitis is no longer in scientific use) (同)cephalitis, phrenitis

PrepTutorEJDIC

『日本の』;『日本人』(『語』)『の』 / 〈C〉『日本人』;《集合的に》日本人 / 〈U〉《冠詞をつけないで》『日本語』
牛痘種,痘苗(牛痘を起こすビールスで,天然痘予防のために人体に接種される) / (伝染病の病原菌から作った)ワクチン
脳炎

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/09/07 13:02:24」(JST)

wiki en

Japanese encephalitis vaccine is a vaccine that protects against Japanese encephalitis.^[1] The vaccines are more than 90% effective. How long this protection lasts is not clear but its effectiveness appears to decrease over time. Doses are given either by injection into a muscle or just under the skin.^[1]

It is recommended as part of routine immunizations in countries where the disease is a problem. One or two doses are given depending on the version of the vaccine. Extra doses are not typically needed in areas where the disease is common. In those with HIV/AIDS or those who are pregnant an inactivated vaccine should be used. Immunization of travellers who plan to spend time outdoors in areas where the disease is common is recommended.^[1]

The vaccines are relatively safe. Pain and redness may occur at the site of injection. As of 2015, 15 different vaccines are available: some are based on recombinant DNA techniques, others weakened virus, and others inactivated virus.^[1]

The Japanese encephalitis vaccines first became available in the 1930s.^[2] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most important medication needed in a basic health system.^[3] In the United States it costs between 100 and 200 USD for a course of immunizations.^[4]

Efficacy

Randomised control trials on JE-VAX have shown that a two-dose schedule provides significant protection for one year.^[5]

History

Japanese encephalitis vaccines first became available in the 1930s. One of them was an inactivated mouse brain-derived vaccine (the Nakayama and/or Beijing-1 strain), made by BIKEN and marketed by Sanofi Pasteur as JE-VAX, until production ceased in 2005. The other was an inactivated vaccine cultivated on primary hamster kidney cells (the Beijing-3 strain). The Beijing-3 strain was the main variant of the vaccine used in the People's Republic of China from 1968 until 2005.^[6]

Three second-generation vaccines have entered markets since then: SA14-14-2, IC51 and ChimeriVax-JE. The live-attenuated SA14-14-2 strain was introduced in China in 1988. It is much cheaper than alternative vaccines, and is administered to 20 million Chinese children each year.^[5]

A purified, formalin-inactivated, wholevirus vaccine known as IC51 (marketed in Australia and New Zealand as JESPECT and elsewhere as IXIARO) was licensed for use in the United States, Australia, and Europe during the spring of 2009. It is based on a SA14-14-2 strain and cultivated in Vero cells.^[6] Another vaccine, a live-attenuated yellow fever-Japanese encephalitis chimeric vaccine known as ChimeriVax-JE (marketed as IMOJEV) was licensed for use in Australia in August 2010^[7] and in Thailand in December 2012.^[8]

In 2013, an Indian firm, Bharat Biotech International, developed a vaccine by using the Indian strain of the virus collected from the Kolar district in Karnataka by the National Institute of Virology (NIV). Phase III results of human trials were submitted to the Drug authorities of the Government of India and obtained marketing authorization. It is stated by the representatives of the NIV that the success rate of the vaccine is more than 90% and it can be given to children aged between 1–50 years.^[9]^[10]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines: WHO position paper – February 2015." (PDF). Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 90 (9): 69–87. Feb 27, 2015. PMID 25726573.
^ Paulke-Korinek, M; Kollaritsch, H (2008). "Japanese encephalitis and vaccines: past and future prospects.". Wiener klinische Wochenschrift. 120 (19-20 Suppl 4): 15–9. doi:10.1007/s00508-008-1071-9. PMID 19066766.
^ "19th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (April 2015)" (PDF). WHO. April 2015. Retrieved May 10, 2015.
^ Hamilton, Richart (2015). Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 315. ISBN 9781284057560.
^ ^a ^b Schiøler KL, Samuel M, Wai KL (2007). "Vaccines for preventing Japanese encephalitis". Cochrane Database Syst Rev (3): CD004263. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004263.pub2. PMID 17636750.
^ ^a ^b Halstead SB, Thomas SJ (April 2010). "Japanese encephalitis: new options for active immunization". Clin Infect Dis. 50 (8): 1155–64. doi:10.1086/651271. PMID 20218889.
^ Halstead SB, Thomas SJ (March 2011). "New Japanese encephalitis vaccines: alternatives to production in mouse brain". Expert Rev Vaccines. 10 (3): 355–64. doi:10.1586/erv.11.7. PMID 21434803.
^ "Drug joint venture plans new vaccine". Bangkok Post. 2 November 2013. Retrieved 18 December 2013.
^ JE, Vaccine for (17 December 2012). "India develops indigenous Japanese Encephalitis vaccine". The Times of India. Retrieved 18 December 2012.
^ Japanese Encephalitis, Vaccine (13 September 2012). "India's first Japanese encephalitis vaccine launched". HIndustan Times. Retrieved 18 December 2012.

External links

UpToDate Contents

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1. 旅行者のための予防接種 immunizations for travel
2. 日本脳炎：疫学、診断、治療、および予防 japanese encephalitis epidemiology diagnosis treatment and prevention
3. 妊娠中の予防接種 immunizations during pregnancy
4. 予防接種に対するアレルギー反応 allergic reactions to vaccines
5. 造血細胞移植後の予防接種 immunizations after hematopoietic cell transplantation

English Journal

Enhanced immune responses against Japanese encephalitis virus using recombinant adenoviruses coexpressing Japanese encephalitis virus envelope and porcine interleukin-6 proteins in mice.

Liu H1, Wu R2, Liu K3, Yuan L3, Huang X4, Wen Y5, Ma X6, Yan Q7, Zhao Q8, Wen X9, Cao S10.
Virus research.Virus Res.2016 Aug 15;222:34-40. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.05.025. Epub 2016 May 25.
Japanese encephalitis is a reproductive disorder caused by Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) in swine. Previous studies have demonstrated that recombinant adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) may be a potential vaccine candidate because it can express JEV envelope epitopes and induce immune responses against
PMID 27235810

Development and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies to Yellow Fever Virus and Application in Antigen Detection and IgM Capture Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay.

Adungo F1, Yu F2, Kamau D3, Inoue S3, Hayasaka D3, Posadas-Herrera G3, Sang R4, Mwau M4, Morita K2.
Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI.Clin Vaccine Immunol.2016 Aug 5;23(8):689-97. doi: 10.1128/CVI.00209-16. Print 2016 Aug.
Yellow fever (YF) is an acute hemorrhagic viral infection transmitted by mosquitoes in Africa and South America. The major challenge in YF disease detection and confirmation of outbreaks in Africa is the limited availability of reference laboratories and the persistent lack of access to diagnostic t
PMID 27307452

Comparison of the live-attenuated Japanese Encephalitis vaccine SA14-14-2 strain with Its pre-attenuated virulent parent SA14 strain: Similarities and differences in vitro and in vivo.

Yun SI1, Song BH2, Polejaeva IA3, Davies CJ4, White KL5, Lee YM6.
The Journal of general virology.J Gen Virol.2016 Aug 5. doi: 10.1099/jgv.0.000574. [Epub ahead of print]
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is the main cause of acute viral encephalitis, primarily affecting children and young adults in the Asia-Pacific region. JEV is a vaccine-preventable pathogen, with four types of JE vaccine licensed in different regions of the world. To date, the most common JEV str
PMID 27498826

Japanese Journal

高知県における感染症流行予測調査 : 2014年

高知県衛生研究所報 (61), 37-42, 2015
NAID 40020640402

紀伊半島大台ヶ原のニホンジカ<i>Cervus nippon </i>の日本脳炎ウイルス抗体保有状況

日本野生動物医学会誌 20(3), 41-45, 2015
NAID 130005120556

Dynamic Constitution of the Pathogens Inducing Encephalitis in Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease in Kunming, 2009–2011

Japanese
NAID 130005109803

「日本脳炎ワクチン」

Japanese encephalitis vaccine
	Japanese encephalitis vaccine Encevac
Vaccine description
Target disease	Japanese encephalitis
Type	Killed/Inactivated
Clinical data
MedlinePlus	a607019
Identifiers
ATC code	J07BA02 (WHO)
ChemSpider	none
(what is this?) (verify)

　　[★]

英: Japanese encephalitis vaccine
同: 日脳ワクチン
商: エンセバック、ジェービックV
関: 日本脳炎、日本脳炎ウイルス、予防接種

特性

不活化ウイルスワクチン

ジェービックVの場合：日本脳炎ウイルス北京株をVero細胞（アフリカミドリザル腎臓由来株化細胞）で増殖させ、得られたウイルスを採取し、ホルマリンで不活化した後、硫酸プロタミンで処理し、超遠心法で精製し、安定剤を加え充填した後、凍結乾燥
~~ウイルス感染マウス脳より精製したウイルスをホルマリン処理　　　←　oh! no! ソースは？~~

ワクチン接種

1-2週間隔で2回接種。(ここで抗体価が上がるが、1年後には下がっている)　←　資料によっては1-4週とか・・・
1年後に1回接種。(基礎免疫。ブースター効果で高い抗体価を得ることができる)
3-4年に1回接種(追加免疫)　←　資料によっては5年とか・・・

「日脳ワクチン」

　　[★] 日本脳炎ワクチン, Japanese encephalitis vaccine

「Japanese」

　　[★]

n.

日本人、日本語

adj.

日本の

関: Asian、Chinese、Japan

[WHO2015-1] "Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines: WHO position paper – February 2015." (PDF). Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 90 (9): 69–87. Feb 27, 2015. PMID 25726573.

[2] Paulke-Korinek, M; Kollaritsch, H (2008). "Japanese encephalitis and vaccines: past and future prospects.". Wiener klinische Wochenschrift. 120 (19-20 Suppl 4): 15–9. doi:10.1007/s00508-008-1071-9. PMID 19066766.

[WHO2015E-3] "19th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (April 2015)" (PDF). WHO. April 2015. Retrieved May 10, 2015.

[Ric2015-4] Hamilton, Richart (2015). Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 315. ISBN 9781284057560.

[pmid17636750-5] Schiøler KL, Samuel M, Wai KL (2007). "Vaccines for preventing Japanese encephalitis". Cochrane Database Syst Rev (3): CD004263. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004263.pub2. PMID 17636750.

[pmid20218889-6] Halstead SB, Thomas SJ (April 2010). "Japanese encephalitis: new options for active immunization". Clin Infect Dis. 50 (8): 1155–64. doi:10.1086/651271. PMID 20218889.

[7] Halstead SB, Thomas SJ (March 2011). "New Japanese encephalitis vaccines: alternatives to production in mouse brain". Expert Rev Vaccines. 10 (3): 355–64. doi:10.1586/erv.11.7. PMID 21434803.

[8] "Drug joint venture plans new vaccine". Bangkok Post. 2 November 2013. Retrieved 18 December 2013.

[9] JE, Vaccine for (17 December 2012). "India develops indigenous Japanese Encephalitis vaccine". The Times of India. Retrieved 18 December 2012.

[10] Japanese Encephalitis, Vaccine (13 September 2012). "India's first Japanese encephalitis vaccine launched". HIndustan Times. Retrieved 18 December 2012.

リンク元	「日本脳炎ワクチン」「日脳ワクチン」
関連記事	「Japanese」

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案内

案内

Japanese encephalitis vaccine