WordNet

mark or draw with a ruler; "rule the margins"
keep in check; "rule ones temper" (同)harness, rein
the duration of a monarchs or governments power; "during the rule of Elizabeth"
measuring stick consisting of a strip of wood or metal or plastic with a straight edge that is used for drawing straight lines and measuring lengths (同)ruler
(mathematics) a standard procedure for solving a class of mathematical problems; "he determined the upper bound with Descartes rule of signs"; "he gave us a general formula for attacking polynomials" (同)formula
(linguistics) a rule describing (or prescribing) a linguistic practice (同)linguistic rule
prescribed guide for conduct or action (同)prescript
a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior; "it was his rule to take a walk before breakfast"; "short haircuts were the regulation" (同)regulation
any one of a systematic body of regulations defining the way of life of members of a religious order; "the rule of St. Dominic"
directions that define the way a game or sport is to be conducted; "he knew the rules of chess"
decide with authority; "The King decreed that all firstborn males should be killed" (同)decree
decide on and make a declaration about; "find someone guilty" (同)find
have an affinity with; of signs of the zodiac
subject to a ruling authority; "the ruled mass"

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈C〉『規則』,規定;法則 / 〈C〉『慣例』,慣習;通例,通則 / 〈U〉『支配』,統治;統治期間;統治権 / 〈C〉ものさし,定規(ruler) / 〈国・人など〉‘を'『支配する』,統治する,統御する / 《しばしば受動態で》〈感情などが〉〈人,人の行動など〉‘を'左右する,動かす / 〈裁判所・裁判官などが〉…‘と'裁決する,決定する / 〈紙〉‘に'線を引く / (…を)『支配する』,統治する《+『over』+『名』》 / (…について)裁決する,判定する《+『on』+『名』》;(…に反対の)裁決をする《+『against』+『名』(do『ing』)》・〈米俗〉抜群である、最高である
支配する,統治する / 支配的な,優勢な,有力な / (法による)判決,決定

UpToDate Contents

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1. 成人における気道確保困難 the difficult airway in adults
2. 妊娠中の心肺停止 cardiopulmonary arrest in pregnancy
3. 成人における膝痛の総合的評価 general evaluation of the adult with knee pain
4. 成人における頸部脊柱損傷の評価および急性期マネージメント evaluation and acute management of cervical spinal column injuries in adults
5. 熱傷の分類 classification of burns

English Journal

Rule and similarity in grammar: their interplay and individual differences in the brain.

Hauser MF, Hofmann J, Opitz B.SourceExperimental Neuropsychology Unit, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.
NeuroImage.Neuroimage.2012 May 1;60(4):2019-26. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.02.016. Epub 2012 Feb 18.
Previous research on artificial grammar has indicated that the human ability to classify sentences or letter strings according to grammaticality relies on two types of knowledge. One is a superficial, familiarity-based understanding of a grammar the other is the knowledge of rules and critical featu
PMID 22369994

Nonlinear dynamics of skin potentials in the electrosensory paddlefish.

Hofmann MH, Wilkens LA.SourceInstitute of Zoology, University of Bonn, Germany.
Chaos (Woodbury, N.Y.).Chaos.2011 Dec;21(4):047504. doi: 10.1063/1.3665698.
It is known that steady skin potentials are present in fishes due to chloride pumps in the gills and in the skin. We have found previously that these skin potentials can fluctuate and oscillate in the electrosensory paddlefish. Here we show that larger, discharge like potentials can be triggered by
PMID 22225378

The inference from a single case: moral versus scientific inferences in implementing new biotechnologies.

Hofmann B.AbstractAre there similarities between scientific and moral inference? This is the key question in this article. It takes as its point of departure an instance of one person's story in the media changing both Norwegian public opinion and a brand-new Norwegian law prohibiting the use of saviour siblings. The case appears to falsify existing norms and to establish new ones. The analysis of this case reveals similarities in the modes of inference in science and morals, inasmuch as (a) a single case functions as a counter-example to an existing rule; (b) there is a common presupposition of stability, similarity and order, which makes it possible to reason from a few cases to a general rule; and (c) this makes it possible to hold things together and retain order. In science, these modes of inference are referred to as falsification, induction and consistency. In morals, they have a variety of other names. Hence, even without abandoning the fact-value divide, there appear to be similarities between inference in science and inference in morals, which may encourage communication across the boundaries between "the two cultures" and which are relevant to medical humanities.
Medical humanities.Med Humanit.2008 Jun;34(1):19-24. doi: 10.1136/jmh.2008.000267.
Are there similarities between scientific and moral inference This is the key question in this article. It takes as its point of departure an instance of one person's story in the media changing both Norwegian public opinion and a brand-new Norwegian law prohibiting the use of saviour siblings. The
PMID 23674535

Japanese Journal

ペンタンスルホン酸ナトリウムのアルカリ溶融反応

中西三郎,吉村太
油化学 21(8), 430-433, 1972
… reaction regulated by Hofmann rule. …
NAID 130001020406

34 てんにんぎく成分Pulchellidine類の絶対構造

稲山誠一,川又健,柳田昌一,関田恒二郎,飯高洋一
天然有機化合物討論会講演要旨集 (13), 257-264, 1969-09-01
… Pulchellidine (Ia) was converted to a new pseudo-guaianolide, Epipulchellin (IIa), C_<15>H_<22>O_4, mp162-164° by Hofmann degradation of its methiodide. … 1) cis: C_2-α OH/C_4-α OH by sulfites formation and application of Hydson-Klyne rule for dihydro derivatives, VIIa and VIIb. …
NAID 110006677628