関: chick、chicken、domestic fowl、Gallus、Gallus domesticus、Gallus gallus domesticus

WordNet

easily frightened (同)chickenhearted, lily-livered, white-livered, yellow, yellow-bellied
a domestic fowl bred for flesh or eggs; believed to have been developed from the red jungle fowl (同)Gallus_gallus
the flesh of a chicken used for food (同)poulet, volaille
a foolhardy competition; a dangerous activity that is continued until one competitor becomes afraid and stops
young bird especially of domestic fowl (同)biddy
irritate or vex; "It galls me that we lost the suit" (同)irk
a skin sore caused by chafing
abnormal swelling of plant tissue caused by insects or microorganisms or injury
common domestic birds and related forms (同)genus Gallus

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈C〉『ひよこ』,(一般に)ひな鳥 / 〈C〉《米》(一般に)鶏《英》fowl) / 〈U〉ひな鳥の肉,鶏肉 / 〈C〉《米話》青二才;小娘 / 〈C〉《俗》おくびょう者 / 鶏肉の / 小さい / 《俗》おくびょうな
ひよこ,(一般に)ひな鳥 / (親愛の情をこめて)子供 / 《米俗》小娘
《古》(特に牛の)胆汁(たんじゅう) / (経験などの)苦さ,苦々しい思い《+『of』+『名』》 / 《英話》(…する)厚かましさ,ずうずうしさ《+『to』 do》
(皮膚の)すり傷;(特に馬具による馬の)くらずれ / …‘の'皮膚(皮)をすりむく / 〈人〉‘を'いらだたせる / すれてひりひりする,すりむける
虫こぶ(昆虫の働きによって樹木,特にカシの木の葉などにできる)
ズボンつり(suspenders)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/03/13 22:05:32」(JST)

wiki en

The red junglefowl (Gallus gallus) is a tropical member of the Phasianidae family. It is thought to be ancestral to the domestic chicken, with some hybridization with the grey junglefowl.^[2] The red junglefowl was first domesticated at least five thousand years ago in Asia, then taken around the world, and the domestic form is kept globally as a very productive food source of both meat and eggs.^[3]

§Range

The range of the wild form stretches from Tamil Nadu, South India (where it has almost certainly been diluted with cross breeding from domestic breeds)^{[citation needed]} eastwards across southern China and into Malaysia, the Philippines — where it is locally known as "labuyo" — and Indonesia. Junglefowl are established on several of the Hawaiian Islands, but these are feral descendants of domestic chickens. They can also be found on Christmas Island, Vanuatu, and the Mariana Islands.

Each of these various regions had its own subspecies of Gallus gallus, including:

G. g. gallus - from Indochina
G. g. bankiva - from Java
G. g. jabouillei - from Vietnam
G. g. murghi - from India
G. g. spadiceus - from Burma
G. g. domesticus - (domestic chicken)

§Sexual dimorphism

Male and female birds show very strong sexual dimorphism. Males are much larger; they have large red fleshy wattles and comb on the head and long, bright gold and bronze feathers forming a "shawl" or "cape" over the back of the bird from the neck to the lower back. The tail is composed of long, arching feathers that initially look black but shimmer with blue, purple and green in good light. The female's plumage is typical of this family of birds in being cryptic and having evolved for camouflage as she alone looks after the eggs and chicks. She also has no fleshy wattles or comb on the head.

During their mating season, the male birds announce their presence with the well known "cock-a-doodle-doo" call or crowing. Male red junglefowl have a shorter crowing sound than domestic roosters; the call cuts off abruptly at the end.^[4] This serves both to attract potential mates and to make other male birds in the area aware of the risk of fighting a breeding competitor. A spur on the lower leg just behind and above the foot serves in such fighting. Their call structure is complex and they have distinctive alarm calls for aerial and ground predators to which others react appropriately.^[5]^[6]

§Behavior

Female in Kaeng Krachan National Park, Thailand

Male, also in Kaeng Krachan National Park, Thailand

Males make a food-related display called "tidbitting", performed upon finding food in the presence of a female.^[7] The display is composed of coaxing, cluck-like calls and eye-catching bobbing and twitching motions of the head and neck. During the performance, the male repeatedly picks up and drops the food item with his beak. The display usually ends when the hen takes the food item either from the ground or directly from the male’s beak and is associated with copulations and more offspring.^[8] Males that produce anti-predator alarm calls^[9] appear to be preferred by females.^[10]

They are omnivorous and feed on insects, seeds and fruits including those that are cultivated such as those of the oil palm.^[11]

Red junglefowl regularly bathe in dust to keep just the right balance in their plumage.The dust absorbs extra oil and subsequently falls off.^[12]

Flight in these birds is almost purely confined to reaching their roosting areas at sunset in trees or any other high and relatively safe places free from ground predators, and for escape from immediate danger through the day.

Illustration of male and female red junglefowl

§Domestication

In July 2012, Dr Alice Storey et al. announced a study using mitochondrial DNA recovered from ancient bones from Europe, Thailand, the Pacific and Chile, and from Spanish colonial sites in Florida and the Dominican Republic, in directly dated samples originating in Europe at 1000 B.P. and in the Pacific at 3000 B.P. The study showed that chickens were likely domesticated from wild red junglefowl, though some have suggested possible genetic contributions from other junglefowl species. Domestication occurred at least 7,400 years ago from a common ancestor flock in the bird's natural range, then proceeded in waves both east and west. The paper also states that the earliest undisputed domestic chicken remains are bones associated with a date of approximately 5400 BC from the Chishan site, in the Hebei province of China. In the Ganges region of India, red junglefowl were being used by humans as early as 7,000 years ago. No domestic chickens older than 4,000 years have been identified in the Indus Valley, and the antiquity of chickens recovered from excavations at Mohenjodaro is still debated.^[3]

§Hybridisation

The other three members of the genus—Sri Lanka junglefowl (Gallus lafayetii), grey junglefowl (Gallus sonneratii), and the green junglefowl (Gallus varius)—do not usually produce fertile hybrids with the red junglefowl, suggesting that it is the sole ancestor of the domestic chicken. However, recent research has revealed the absence of the yellow skin gene in the wild red junglefowl found in domestic birds, which suggests hybridisation with the grey junglefowl during the domestication of the species.^[2] A culturally significant hybrid between the red junglefowl and the green junglefowl in Indonesia is known as the bekisar.

Purebred red junglefowl are thought to be facing a serious threat of extinction because of hybridization at the edge of forests where domesticated free ranging chickens are common.^[13]^[14]^[15]^[16]^[17]^[18]^[19]^[20]^[21]^[22]^[23]

§References

^ BirdLife International (2012). "Gallus gallus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
^ ^a ^b Eriksson, Jonas; Larson, Greger; Gunnarsson, Ulrika; Bed'hom, Bertrand; Tixier-Boichard, Michele; Strömstedt, Lina; Wright, Dominic; Eriksson J, Larson G, Gunnarsson U, Bed'hom B, Tixier-Boichard M, et al et al. (23 January 2008), "Identification of the Yellow Skin Gene Reveals a Hybrid Origin of the Domestic Chicken", PLoS Genetics (PLoS Genet), preprint (2008): e10, doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000010.eor
^ ^a ^b Investigating the Global Dispersal of Chickens in Prehistory Using Ancient Mitochondrial DNA Signatures, Alice A. Storey et al; PLoS ONE, July 2012, Volume 7, Issue 7, e39171; accessed 6 August 2012
^ Wild Singapore: Red Junglefowl, updated Oct 09, accessed 01 Jan 2014.
^ Collias, N. E. (1987), "The vocal repertoire of the red junglefowl: A spectrographic classification and the code of communication", The Condor 89 (3): 510–524, JSTOR 1368641
^ Evans, C. S.; Macedonia, J. M.; Marler, P. (1993), "Effects of apparent size and speed on the response of chickens, Gallus gallus, to computer-generated simulations of aerial predators", Animal Behaviour 46 (1): 1–11, doi:10.1006/anbe.1993.1156
^ Animal Behaviour Lab Dr Chris Evans, Galliform.bhs.mq.edu.au, 2006-11-15, retrieved 2009-04-22
^ Home, Galliform.bhs.mq.edu.au, retrieved 2009-04-22
^ http://galliform.bhs.mq.edu.au/~david
^ Macquarie University - Centre for the Integrative Study of Animal Behaviour, Galliform.bhs.mq.edu.au, 2008-08-15, retrieved 2009-04-22
^ Arshad MI, M Zakaria, AS Sajap, A Ismail (2000), "Food and feeding habits of Red Junglefowl", Pakistan J. Bio. Sci. 3 (6): 1024–1026, doi:10.3923/pjbs.2000.1024.1026
^ Brinkley, Edward S., and Jane Beatson. "Fascinating Feathers ." Birds. Pleasantville, N.Y.: Reader's Digest Children's Books, 2000. 15. Print.
^ I. Lehr Brisbin, Jr., Concerns for the genetic integrity and conservation status of the red junglefowl, Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 (with permission from SPPA Bulletin, 1997, 2(3):1-2): FeatherSite, retrieved 2007-09-19
^ Society for the Preservation of Poultry Antiquities
^ Red Junglefowl (Gallus gallus) page & links
^ Tomas P. Condon, Morphological and Behavioral Characteristics of Genetically Pure Indian Red Junglefowl, Gallus gallus murghi, retrieved 2007-09-19
^ Hawkins, W.P. (n.d.). Carolinas/Virginia Pheasant & Waterfowl Society. Red Junglefowl – Pure Strain, Cvpws.com, retrieved 2007-09-19
^ Gautier, Z. 2002. "Gallus gallus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed September 19, 2007, Animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu, retrieved 2009-04-22
^ Genetic invasion threatens red jungle fowl, Wildlife Trust of India, New Delhi, 9 January 2006, retrieved 2007-09-19
^ "Red Junglefowl genetically swamped", Tragopan No. 12, p. 10, World Birdwatch 22 (2), 1 June 2000, retrieved 2007-09-19, According to some scientists, truly wild populations of the Red Junglefowl Gallus gallus are either extinct or in grave danger of extinction due to introgression of genes from domestic or feral chickens
^ "Red Junglefowl - Species factsheet: Gallus gallus", BirdLife Species Factsheet (BirdLife International), 2007, retrieved 2007-09-20
^ Peterson, A.T. and I.L. Brisbin, Jr. (1999), "Genetic endangerment of wild red junglefowl (Gallus gallus)", Bird Conservation International 9: 387–394, doi:10.1017/s0959270900002148
^ Brisbin, I. L., Jr. (1969), "Behavioral differentiation of wildness in two strains of Red Junglefowl (abstract)", Amer. Zool. 9: 1072

§Further reading

Ancestors of chickens studied for conservation; 7 Aug, 2008; The Economic Times, Times of India

§External links

Wikispecies has information related to: Gallus gallus

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gallus gallus.

Malaysian Red Junglefowl
Red Junglefowl: Pure-bred v/s Cross-bred
ARKive - images and movies of the Red Junglefowl (Gallus gallus)
BirdLife Species Factsheet
Reference guide to the four species of the genus Gallus, commonly known as junglefowl. Contains information and photographs of the each of the species
Red Junglefowl
Red junglefowl at the Encyclopedia of Life
Gallus bankiva (illustration) in Sir William Jardine, The natural history of gallinaceous birds: Vol. I., publ. W.H. Lizars, and Stirling and Kenney, 1834 at Google Books.
View the red junglefowl genome in Ensembl

UpToDate Contents

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1. 卵アレルギー：臨床的特徴および診断 egg allergy clinical features and diagnosis
2. 食肉アレルギー allergy to meats
3. 卵アレルギー：管理 egg allergy management
4. 食物アレルギーの診断的評価 diagnostic evaluation of food allergy
5. 食物アレルゲン：臨床的特徴および交叉反応の概要 food allergens overview of clinical features and cross reactivity

English Journal

High-resolution mass spectrometry applied to the study of metabolome modifications in various chicken tissues after amoxicillin administration.

Hermo MP1, Saurina J2, Barbosa J3, Barrón D4.Author information 1Department of Analytical Chemistry, Food and Nutrition Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, Avda. Prat de la Riba, 171, Sta. Coloma de Gramenet, E-08921 Barcelona, Spain.2Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 645, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.3Department of Analytical Chemistry, Food and Nutrition Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, Avda. Prat de la Riba, 171, Sta. Coloma de Gramenet, E-08921 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 645, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.4Department of Analytical Chemistry, Food and Nutrition Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, Avda. Prat de la Riba, 171, Sta. Coloma de Gramenet, E-08921 Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: dolores.barron@ub.edu.AbstractThe performance of high resolution accurate mass spectrometry (HRMS) operating in full scan MS mode was investigated for the quantitative determination of amoxicillin (AMX) as well as qualitative analysis of metabolomic profiles in tissues of medicated chickens. The metabolomic approach was exploited to compile analytical information on changes in the metabolome of muscle, kidney and liver from chickens subjected to a pharmacological program with AMX. Data consisting of m/z features taken throughout the entire chromatogram were extracted and filtered to be treated by Principal Component Analysis. As a result, it was found that medicated and non-treated animals were clearly clustered in distinct groups. Besides, the multivariate analysis revealed some relevant mass features contributing to this separation. In this context, recognizing those potential markers of each chicken class was a priority research for both metabolite identification and, obviously, evaluation of food quality and health effects associated to food consumption.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2014 Jun 15;153:405-13. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.12.080. Epub 2014 Jan 3.
The performance of high resolution accurate mass spectrometry (HRMS) operating in full scan MS mode was investigated for the quantitative determination of amoxicillin (AMX) as well as qualitative analysis of metabolomic profiles in tissues of medicated chickens. The metabolomic approach was exploite
PMID 24491747

Identification of antagonists to the vasotocin receptor sub-type 4 (VT4R) involved in stress by molecular modelling and verification using anterior pituitary cells.

Jayanthi S, Kang SW, Bingham D, Tessaro BA, Suresh Kumar TK, Kuenzel WJ.Author information a Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , AR , 72701 , USA .AbstractThe vasotocin receptor family is homologous to the mammalian vasopressin G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) family. The vasotocin receptor 2 (VT2R) and 4 (VT4R) have recently been shown to play important role(s) in the neuroendocrine regulation of stress in birds. A homology-based structural model of VT4R of the domestic chicken, Gallus gallus, was built using the sophisticated SYBYL-X suite. The structure of VT4R built with and without extra- and intracellular unstructured loops showed a seven-helix transmembrane domain, which is a characteristic feature of GPCRs. Several agonists and antagonists were screened by molecular docking to map their potential binding sites on the structure of VT4R. Interestingly, the presence of the N-terminal, intracellular and extracellular loops and C-terminal amino acid sequences emerging from the transmembrane domains during molecular docking appeared to influence the binding interface of the peptide agonists and peptide/non-peptide antagonists on the VT4R. The presence of unstructured loops, however, did not affect the relative binding affinity ranking of the peptide antagonists to VT4R. In general, the natural ligand, arginine vasotocin and the peptide/non-peptide antagonists were observed to be more deeply buried in the receptor. Results of in vitro inhibition experiments, using cultured anterior pituitary cells, showed excellent agreement with the binding affinity of the antagonists predicted by molecular docking. The results of this study provide valuable clues for the rational design of novel pharmaceutical compounds capable of blocking or attenuating the stress response.
Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics.J Biomol Struct Dyn.2014 Apr;32(4):648-60. doi: 10.1080/07391102.2013.787025. Epub 2013 May 15.
The vasotocin receptor family is homologous to the mammalian vasopressin G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) family. The vasotocin receptor 2 (VT2R) and 4 (VT4R) have recently been shown to play important role(s) in the neuroendocrine regulation of stress in birds. A homology-based structural model of
PMID 23672311

Effects of tonic immobility (TI) and corticosterone (CORT) on energy status and protein metabolism in pectoralis major muscle of broiler chickens.

Duan Y1, Fu W1, Wang S1, Ni Y2, Zhao R1.Author information 1Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.2Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China. Electronic address: niyingdong@njau.edu.cn.AbstractTonic immobility (TI), which can be divided into short (STI) or long (LTI) duration, is a character related to fear. Our previous study has demonstrated LTI phenotype and chronic corticosterone (CORT) administration retarded growth of breast muscle in broiler chickens. In order to investigate the mechanism behind the negative effects of LTI and CORT on growth, the level of mRNA transcription of several key genes linked to energy and protein metabolism was measured in muscle. LTI broilers showed lower levels of ATP, energy charge (EC) (p<0.01), and lower muscle glycogen content (p<0.05) but higher level of ADP (p=0.08) than STI birds. CORT treatment elevated EC level (p<0.05) and reduced liver glycogen content (p<0.05). Real-time PCR results showed that STI chickens had higher mRNA expression of PPAR α (p=0.06) and AMPK α (p=0.09) than LTI. CORT significantly down-regulated α-enolase mRNA expression in breast muscle compared to control (p<0.05). Neither TI nor CORT altered gene expression in Akt/mTOR/p70s6k cascade pathway in muscle (p > 0.05). However, western blot results showed that LTI chickens exhibited higher protein content of total Akt (p=0.05) and phosphorylated Akt (p=0.06) than STI. CORT treatment decreased the total protein content of Akt (p=0.09) and p70s6k (p=0.08). These results suggest that the retardation of muscle growth by LTI and chronic CORT administration parallels a strong alternation in energy status but slight changes of Akt/mTOR/p70s6k cascade, indicating that a decrease in muscle growth induced by LTI and CORT might not be mediated through mTOR-dependent signaling pathways.
Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part A, Molecular & integrative physiology.Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol.2014 Mar;169:90-5. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.12.019. Epub 2013 Dec 31.
Tonic immobility (TI), which can be divided into short (STI) or long (LTI) duration, is a character related to fear. Our previous study has demonstrated LTI phenotype and chronic corticosterone (CORT) administration retarded growth of breast muscle in broiler chickens. In order to investigate the me
PMID 24389091

Japanese Journal

進化的に保存された下丘局所回路 : 抑制性細胞の形態解析

伊藤哲史,阿閉泰郎,力丸裕
聴覚研究会資料 = Proceedings of the auditory research meeting 45(3), 147-149, 2015-05-28
NAID 40020514893

Peripheral Injection of Chicken Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone Inhibits Feeding Behavior in Chicks

Tachibana Tetsuya,Kubo Sachiyo,Islam Khan Md. Sakirul,Masuda Keiko,Ukena Kazuyoshi,Wang Yajun
The Journal of Poultry Science advpub(0), 2015
… The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of peripheral injection of GHRH on feeding behavior in chicks (Gallus gallus). …
NAID 130005095376

Proteome compression via protein domain compositions.

Hayashida Morihiro,Ruan Peiying,Akutsu Tatsuya
Methods 67(3), 380-385, 2014-06-01
… We propose a heuristic approach by combining the Edmonds algorithm and an integer linear programming, and apply our procedure to 14 proteomes of Dictyostelium discoideum, Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa, Danio rerio, Xenopus laevis, Gallus gallus, Mus musculus, Pan troglodytes, and Homo sapiens. …
NAID 120005456004

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「ニワトリ」「chicken」「chick」「domestic fowl」「Gallus domesticus」
拡張検索	「Gallus gallus domesticus」
関連記事	「Gallus」「gall」

「ニワトリ」

Red junglefowl
	Male (♂) from Sundarbans Tiger Reserve, West Bengal, India.
Conservation status
	; Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Galliformes
Family:	Phasianidae
Subfamily:	Phasianinae
Genus:	Gallus
Species:	G. gallus
Binomial name
	Gallus gallus; (Linnaeus, 1758)
	Red junglefowl range

　　[★]

英: chicken、domestic fowl、Gallus gallus、Gallus gallus domesticus、Gallus domesticus、Gallus、chick
関: 家禽、ヒヨコ、鶏肉、ニワトリ類、野鶏属、ガルス属、Gallus属

「chicken」

　　[★]

ニワトリ、ヒヨコ、鶏肉

関: chick、domestic fowl、Gallus、Gallus domesticus、Gallus gallus、Gallus gallus domesticus

「chick」

　　[★]

ヒヨコ、ニワトリの

関: chicken、domestic fowl、Gallus、Gallus domesticus、Gallus gallus、Gallus gallus domesticus

「domestic fowl」

　　[★]

ニワトリ

関: chick、chicken、Gallus、Gallus domesticus、Gallus gallus、Gallus gallus domesticus、poultry

「Gallus domesticus」

　　[★]

ニワトリ

関: chick、chicken、domestic fowl、Gallus、Gallus gallus、Gallus gallus domesticus

「Gallus gallus domesticus」

　　[★]

ニワトリ

関: chick、chicken、domestic fowl、Gallus、Gallus domesticus、Gallus gallus

「Gallus」

　　[★]

ニワトリ類、ニワトリ、野鶏属、ガルス属、Gallus属

関: chick、chicken、domestic fowl、Gallus domesticus、Gallus gallus、Gallus gallus domesticus

「gall」

　　[★]

n.

胆汁、(植物)虫こぶ

関: bile、biliary、cholic

[1] BirdLife International (2012). "Gallus gallus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 26 November 2013.

[Eriksson-2] Eriksson, Jonas; Larson, Greger; Gunnarsson, Ulrika; Bed'hom, Bertrand; Tixier-Boichard, Michele; Strömstedt, Lina; Wright, Dominic; Eriksson J, Larson G, Gunnarsson U, Bed'hom B, Tixier-Boichard M, et al et al. (23 January 2008), "Identification of the Yellow Skin Gene Reveals a Hybrid Origin of the Domestic Chicken", PLoS Genetics (PLoS Genet), preprint (2008): e10, doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000010.eor

[Storey-3] Investigating the Global Dispersal of Chickens in Prehistory Using Ancient Mitochondrial DNA Signatures, Alice A. Storey et al; PLoS ONE, July 2012, Volume 7, Issue 7, e39171; accessed 6 August 2012

[4] Wild Singapore: Red Junglefowl, updated Oct 09, accessed 01 Jan 2014.

[5] Collias, N. E. (1987), "The vocal repertoire of the red junglefowl: A spectrographic classification and the code of communication", The Condor 89 (3): 510–524, JSTOR 1368641

[6] Evans, C. S.; Macedonia, J. M.; Marler, P. (1993), "Effects of apparent size and speed on the response of chickens, Gallus gallus, to computer-generated simulations of aerial predators", Animal Behaviour 46 (1): 1–11, doi:10.1006/anbe.1993.1156

[7] Animal Behaviour Lab Dr Chris Evans, Galliform.bhs.mq.edu.au, 2006-11-15, retrieved 2009-04-22

[8] Home, Galliform.bhs.mq.edu.au, retrieved 2009-04-22

[9] ttp://galliform.bhs.mq.edu.au/~david

[10] Macquarie University - Centre for the Integrative Study of Animal Behaviour, Galliform.bhs.mq.edu.au, 2008-08-15, retrieved 2009-04-22

[11] Arshad MI, M Zakaria, AS Sajap, A Ismail (2000), "Food and feeding habits of Red Junglefowl", Pakistan J. Bio. Sci. 3 (6): 1024–1026, doi:10.3923/pjbs.2000.1024.1026

[12] Brinkley, Edward S., and Jane Beatson. "Fascinating Feathers ." Birds. Pleasantville, N.Y.: Reader's Digest Children's Books, 2000. 15. Print.

[13] I. Lehr Brisbin, Jr., Concerns for the genetic integrity and conservation status of the red junglefowl, Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 (with permission from SPPA Bulletin, 1997, 2(3):1-2): FeatherSite, retrieved 2007-09-19

[14] Society for the Preservation of Poultry Antiquities

[15] Red Junglefowl (Gallus gallus) page & links

[16] Tomas P. Condon, Morphological and Behavioral Characteristics of Genetically Pure Indian Red Junglefowl, Gallus gallus murghi, retrieved 2007-09-19

[17] Hawkins, W.P. (n.d.). Carolinas/Virginia Pheasant & Waterfowl Society. Red Junglefowl – Pure Strain, Cvpws.com, retrieved 2007-09-19

[18] Gautier, Z. 2002. "Gallus gallus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed September 19, 2007, Animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu, retrieved 2009-04-22

[19] Genetic invasion threatens red jungle fowl, Wildlife Trust of India, New Delhi, 9 January 2006, retrieved 2007-09-19

[20] "Red Junglefowl genetically swamped", Tragopan No. 12, p. 10, World Birdwatch 22 (2), 1 June 2000, retrieved 2007-09-19, According to some scientists, truly wild populations of the Red Junglefowl Gallus gallus are either extinct or in grave danger of extinction due to introgression of genes from domestic or feral chickens

[21] "Red Junglefowl - Species factsheet: Gallus gallus", BirdLife Species Factsheet (BirdLife International), 2007, retrieved 2007-09-20

[22] Peterson, A.T. and I.L. Brisbin, Jr. (1999), "Genetic endangerment of wild red junglefowl (Gallus gallus)", Bird Conservation International 9: 387–394, doi:10.1017/s0959270900002148

[23] Brisbin, I. L., Jr. (1969), "Behavioral differentiation of wildness in two strains of Red Junglefowl (abstract)", Amer. Zool. 9: 1072

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Gallus gallus

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Contents

§Range

§Sexual dimorphism

§Behavior

§Domestication

§Hybridisation

§References

§Further reading

§External links

UpToDate Contents

English Journal

Japanese Journal

Related Links

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

「ニワトリ」

「chicken」

「chick」

「domestic fowl」

「Gallus domesticus」

「Gallus gallus domesticus」

「Gallus」

「gall」

Red junglefowl

Male (♂) from Sundarbans Tiger Reserve, West Bengal, India.
Conservation status
Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)^[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Galliformes
Family:	Phasianidae
Subfamily:	Phasianinae
Genus:	Gallus
Species:	G. gallus
Binomial name
*Gallus gallus* (Linnaeus, 1758)

Red junglefowl range