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- Clostridium acetobutylicum
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2015/05/28 04:22:44」(JST)
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Clostridium acetobutylicum |
Scientific classification |
Kingdom: |
Bacteria |
Division: |
Firmicutes |
Class: |
Clostridia |
Order: |
Clostridiale |
Family: |
Clostridiaceae |
Genus: |
Clostridium |
Species: |
C. acetobutylicum |
Clostridium acetobutylicum, ATCC 824, is a commercially valuable bacterium sometimes called the "Weizmann Organism", after Jewish-Russian-born Chaim Weizmann. A senior lecturer at the University of Manchester, England, he used them in 1916 as a bio-chemical tool to produce at the same time, jointly, acetone, ethanol, and butanol from starch. The method has been described since as the ABE process, (Acetone Butanol Ethanol fermentation process), yielding 3 parts of acetone, 6 of butanol, and 1 of ethanol, reducing the former difficulties to make cordite, an explosive, from acetone and paving the way also, for instance, to obtain vehicle fuels and synthetic rubber.
Unlike yeast, which can digest sugar only into alcohol and carbon dioxide, C. acetobutylicum and other Clostridia can digest whey, sugar, starch, cellulose and perhaps certain types of lignin, yielding butanol, propionic acid, ether, and glycerin.
Contents
- 1 In genetic engineering
- 2 See also
- 3 References
- 4 Further reading
- 5 External links
In genetic engineering
In 2008, a strain of Escherichia coli was genetically engineered to synthesize butanol; the genes were derived from Clostridium acetobutylicum.[1][2] In 2013, the first microbial production of short-chain alkanes was reported[3] - which is a considerable step toward the production of gasoline. One of the crucial enzymes - a fatty acyl-CoA reductase - came from Clostridium acetobutylicum.
See also
- ABE
- Acetone
- Butanol
- Ethanol
References
- ^ M. Goho, Alexandra (2008-01-16). "Better Bugs for Making Butanol". MIT Technology Review.
- ^ Atsumi, S.; Hanai, T.; Liao, JC. (Jan 2008). "Non-fermentative pathways for synthesis of branched-chain higher alcohols as biofuels.". Nature 451 (7174): 86–9. doi:10.1038/nature06450. PMID 18172501.
- ^ Choi, YJ.; Lee, SY. (Oct 2013). "Microbial production of short-chain alkanes.". Nature 502 (7472): 571–4. doi:10.1038/nature12536. PMID 24077097.
- http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Chaim_Weizmann.aspx
- Jones, DT; Woods, DR (1986). "Acetone-butanol fermentation revisited". Microbiological reviews 50 (4): 484–524. PMC 373084. PMID 3540574.
- Bartha, Ronald M. Atlas & Richard (1993). Microbial ecology : fundamentals and applications (3rd ed. ed.). Redwood City, Calif.: Benjamin/Cummings Pub. Co. p. 563. ISBN 0-8053-0653-6.
- Microbial Processes: Promising Technologies for Developing Countries. Washington: National Academy of Sciences. 1979. Retrieved May 2011.
Probably, you can see, for immediate results:
27 hits 6 Fuel and Energy 107-123
42 hits 7 Waste Treatment and Utilization 124-141
36 hits 8 Cellulose Conversion 142-157
- Wong Kromhout, Wileen (2011-03-16). "UCLA researchers engineer E. coli to produce record-setting amounts of alternative fuel". UCLA Newsroom.
Further reading
- Nölling J; Breton G; Omelchenko MV et al. (August 2001). "Genome sequence and comparative analysis of the solvent-producing bacterium Clostridium acetobutylicum". J. Bacteriol. 183 (16): 4823–38. doi:10.1128/JB.183.16.4823-4838.2001. PMC 99537. PMID 11466286.
- Driessen AJ, Ubbink-Kok T, Konings WN (February 1988). "Amino acid transport by membrane vesicles of an obligate anaerobic bacterium, Clostridium acetobutylicum". J. Bacteriol. 170 (2): 817–20. PMC 210727. PMID 2828326.
- Zappe H, Jones WA, Jones DT, Woods DR (May 1988). "Structure of an endo-beta-1,4-glucanase gene from Clostridium acetobutylicum P262 showing homology with endoglucanase genes from Bacillus spp". Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 54 (5): 1289–92. PMC 202643. PMID 3389820.
- Bowles LK, Ellefson WL (November 1985). "Effects of butanol on Clostridium acetobutylicum". Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 50 (5): 1165–70. PMC 238718. PMID 2868690.
External links
- ATCC reference organism 824 C.Acetobutylicum.
- findarticles.com: Bacteria speeds drug to tumors - use of Clostridium acetobutylicum enzyme to activate cancer drug CB 1954.
- EPA Clostridium acetobutylicum Final Risk Assessment
- Carolina Bio Supply Living Culture Order Page
- Genetic Engineering of Clostridium acetobutylicum for Enhanced Production of Hydrogen Gas: Penn State University.
- Pathema-Clostridium Resource
- US 1875536
- US 1315585
- Weber, Christian; Farwick, Alexander; Benisch, Feline; Brat, Dawid; Dietz, Heiko; Subtil, Thorsten; Boles, Eckhard (10 June 2010). "Trends and challenges in the microbial production of lignocellulosic bioalcohol fuels". Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 87 (4): 1303–1315. doi:10.1007/s00253-010-2707-z. ISSN 0175-7598. PMID 20535464.
English Journal
- Redox-responsive repressor Rex modulates alcohol production and oxidative stress tolerance in Clostridium acetobutylicum.
- Zhang L1, Nie X1, Ravcheev DA2, Rodionov DA2, Sheng J1, Gu Y1, Yang S1, Jiang W1, Yang C3.
- Journal of bacteriology.J Bacteriol.2014 Sep 2. pii: JB.02037-14. [Epub ahead of print]
- Rex, a transcriptional repressor that modulates its DNA binding activity in response to NADH/NAD+ ratio, has recently been found to play a role in the solventogenic shift of Clostridium acetobutylicum. Here we combined a comparative genomic reconstruction of Rex regulons in 11 diverse clostridial sp
- PMID 25182496
- Crystal structure of Clostridium acetobutylicum Aspartate kinase (CaAK): An important allosteric enzyme for amino acids production.
- Manjasetty BA, Chance MR, Burley SK, Panjikar S, Almo SC.
- Biotechnology reports (Amsterdam, Netherlands).Biotechnol Rep (Amst).2014 Sep 1;3:73-85.
- Aspartate kinase (AK) is an enzyme which is tightly regulated through feedback control and responsible for the synthesis of 4-phospho-L-aspartate from L-aspartate. This intermediate step is at an important branch point where one path leads to the synthesis of lysine and the other to threonine, methi
- PMID 25170437
- Measurement of biochemical oxygen demand from different wastewater samples using a mediator-less microbial fuel cell biosensor.
- Hsieh MC, Chung YC.
- Environmental technology.Environ Technol.2014 Sep-Oct;35(17-20):2204-11.
- Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have attracted considerable attention as potential biosensors. A MFC biosensor for rapid measurement of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) has been recently studied. However, a standardized bacterial mixture inoculated in the MFC biosensor for BOD measurement is unavailable.
- PMID 25145173
Japanese Journal
- 1F11-4 Clostridium acetobutylicum由来新規グルタチオン合成酵素の解析(酵素学,酵素工学,タンパク質工学,一般講演)
- 野口 惇,倉都 頌子,中澤 裕二,矢ヶ崎 誠,桐村 光太郎,木野 邦器
- 日本生物工学会大会講演要旨集 平成18年度, 93, 2006-08-03
- NAID 110007322301
- 3D10-1 偏性嫌気性細菌Clostridium acetobutylicumにおける酸素誘導性タンパク質の発見(発酵生理学・発酵工学・培養工学,一般講演)
- 川崎 信治,石倉 淳,綿村 祐介,小野 順基,武田 晃治,新村 洋一
- 日本生物工学会大会講演要旨集 平成16年度, 160, 2004-08-25
- NAID 110007321028
- Sequencing and Expression of the Gene Encoding the Clostridium stercorarium β-Xylosidase Xyl43B in Escherichia coli
- SURYANI,KIMURA Tetsuya,SAKKA Kazuo,OHMIYA Kunio
- Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry 68(3), 609-614, 2004-03-23
- … The deduced amino acid sequence of Xyl43B has sequence similarity with β-xylosidases from Bacteriodes thetaiotaomicron (57% sequence identity), Prevotella ruminicola (45%), Streptomyces coelicolor (40%), and Clostridium acetobutylicum (36%), all of which have been classified in family 43 of the glycoside hydrolases. …
- NAID 10013142908
Related Links
- クロストリジウムのacetobutylicum (C. acetobutylicum) 商業的に貴重のある 細菌、 属に含まれている クロストリジウム。 それは"Weizmann 有機体" と呼ばれる、 後 Chaim Weizmann (または米国のチャールズ) 、 だれでか 1916 年 発見を ...
- Description and significance Clostridium acetobutylicum is a Gram-positive bacillus (1). C. acetobutylicum is most often soil dwelling, although it has been found in a number of different environments. It is mesophilic with optimal ...
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