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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2017/03/23 13:05:23」(JST)
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In birds, the bursa of Fabricius (Latin: Bursa cloacalis or Bursa fabricii) is the site of hematopoiesis, a specialized organ that, as first demonstrated by Bruce Glick and later by Max Cooper and Robert Good, is necessary for B cell (part of the immune system) development in birds. Mammals generally do not have an equivalent organ; the bone marrow is often both the site of hematopoiesis and B cell development. The bursa is present in the cloaca of birds and is named after Hieronymus Fabricius who described it in 1621.[1]
Contents
- 1 Description
- 2 Research history
- 3 Diseases
- 4 References
- 5 External links
Description
The bursa is an epithelial and lymphoid organ that is found only in birds. The bursa develops as a Dorsal diverticulum of the proctadael region of the cloaca. The luminal (interior) surface of the bursa is plicated with as many as 15 primary and 7 secondary plicae or folds. These plicae have hundreds of bursal follicles containing follicle-associated epithelial cells, lymphocytes, macrophages, and plasma cells. Lymphoid stem cells migrate from the fetal liver to the bursa during ontogeny. In the bursa, these stem cells acquire the characteristics of mature, immunocompetent B cells.
The bursa is active in young birds. It atrophies after about six months.[2]
Research history
In 1956, Bruce Glick showed that removal of the bursa in newly hatched chicks severely impaired the ability of the adult birds to produce antibodies.[3][4] In contrast, removal of the bursa in adult chickens has not much effect on the immune system. This was a serendipitous discovery that came about when a fellow graduate, Timothy S. Chang, who was teaching a course on antibody production obtained chickens from Glick that had been bursectomised (removal of the bursa). When these chickens failed to produce antibody in response to an immunization with Staphylococcus bacteria, the two students realized that the bursa is necessary for antibody production. Their initial attempts to publish their findings were thwarted by an editor who commented that "further elucidation of the mechanism ... should be attempted before publication.” [5]
The role of the thymus in the immune response was also identified shortly after the discovery of bursa’s role in antibody responses. In thymectomized animals, the ability to reject allografts, and to mount delayed hypersensitivity responses, was drastically reduced. By the mid-1960s, immunologists[6] were convinced that there were indeed two separate arms of the immune system: one dealing exclusively with the production of circulating antibodies (humoral immunity), and another that is involved in the delayed hypersensitivity-type reactions and graft rejections (cell-mediated immunity).
Diseases
Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) is a viral disease in poultry. Typically, the virus attacks the bursa of young birds, preventing development of the immune system.
References
- ^ Ribatti D, Crivellato E, Vacca A (2006). "The contribution of Bruce Glick to the definition of the role played by the bursa of Fabricius in the development of the B cell lineage". Clin. Exp. Immunol. 145 (1): 1–4. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.2006.03131.x. PMC 1942006. PMID 16792666.
- ^ http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2009/MB_cgi?mode=&term=Bursa+of+Fabricius
- ^ Glick, B; Chang, TS; Jaap, RG (1 January 1956). "The Bursa of Fabricius and Antibody Production". Poultry Science. 35 (1): 224–225. doi:10.3382/ps.0350224.
- ^ Glick, B. (1983). The bursa of Fabricius. In "Avian Biology" Vol. 7 (D.S. Farner, J.R. King, and K.C.Parkes, Eds.). NewYork: Academic Press.
- ^ Sternberg, SS (Nov 2003). "Bottoms up to a Nobel-worthy chicken's bottom.". The American journal of surgical pathology. 27 (11): 1471–2. doi:10.1097/00000478-200311000-00011. PMID 14576482.
- ^ Cooper, MD; Raymond, DA; Peterson, RD; South, MA; Good, RA (Jan 1, 1966). "The functions of the thymus system and the bursa system in the chicken.". The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 123 (1): 75–102. doi:10.1084/jem.123.1.75. PMC 2138128. PMID 5323079.
External links
- Bursa of Fabricius at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
- Photo of diseased organ
- Citation Classic
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Locally elevated cortisol in lymphoid organs of the developing zebra finch but not Japanese quail or chicken.
- Taves MD1, Losie JA2, Rahim T2, Schmidt KL3, Sandkam BA4, Ma C2, Silversides FG5, Soma KK6.
- Developmental and comparative immunology.Dev Comp Immunol.2016 Jan;54(1):116-25. doi: 10.1016/j.dci.2015.09.004. Epub 2015 Sep 12.
- Glucocorticoids are important for production of functional lymphocytes and immunity. In altricial neonates, adrenal glands are unresponsive and local glucocorticoid synthesis in lymphoid organs may be necessary to support lymphocyte development. Precocial neonates, in contrast, have fully responsive
- PMID 26366679
- Effect of in ovo-delivered prebiotics and synbiotics on the morphology and specific immune cell composition in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue.
- Madej JP1, Bednarczyk M2.
- Poultry science.Poult Sci.2015 Nov 2. pii: pev291. [Epub ahead of print]
- The purpose of this study was to examine how pre- and synbiotic administration in ovo into the air chamber at d 12 of egg incubation influenced the specific immune cell composition and distribution in the ileum, cecal tonsils (CT) and bursa of Fabricius of broilers. The experiment was performed on 8
- PMID 26527705
- Selenium and Polysaccharides of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz Play Different Roles in Improving the Immune Response Induced by Heat Stress in Chickens.
- Xu D1, Tian Y2.
- Biological trace element research.Biol Trace Elem Res.2015 Nov;168(1):235-41. doi: 10.1007/s12011-015-0351-2. Epub 2015 Apr 30.
- The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of acute heat stress (HS) on the chicken immune response and to examine the role of selenium (Se) and the polysaccharides of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz (PAMK) in immune regulation in the chicken immune system. Two hundred chickens were
- PMID 25920437
Japanese Journal
- Apoptosis Occurs during Early Development of the Bursa of Fabricius in Chicken Embryos
- Makino Kota,Omachi Runa,Suzuki Hiroka [他]
- Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin 37(12), 1982-1985, 2014-12
- NAID 40020277877
- Apoptosis Occurs during Early Development of the Bursa of Fabricius in Chicken Embryos
- , , , , , ,
- Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 37(12), 1982-1985, 2014
- … The bursa of Fabricius (BF) is a unique primary lymphoid organ, and among vertebrates is unique to birds. … Despite its importance to the immune systems of various avian species, little is known of the molecular mechanisms underlying early BF development. …
- NAID 130004703914
- A Preventive Cytokine Treatment of the Viral Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) of Chickens
- , , , , , , ,
- The Journal of
- … Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is a viral disease of young chickens that produce severe lesions in the bursa of Fabricius and other organs inducing immunosuppression and mortality in birds. … This study indicates that oral administration of IFN-α and IL-2 during 16 days produced a significant reduction in animals' morbidity and mortality to IBD virus (IBDV) infection accompanied with a decrease in symptoms and bursal tissue damage. …
- NAID 130004700312
Related Links
- Definition of BURSA OF FABRICIUS: a lymphoid organ that opens into the cloaca of birds and functions in B cell production ADVERTISEMENT Origin of BURSA OF ... Medical Definition of BURSA OF FABRICIUS : a blind glandular ...
- MLA style: "bursa of Fabricius". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2015. Web. 22 Sep. 2015 < http://www.britannica.com/science/bursa-of-Fabricius >. APA style: bursa of ...
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- bursae、bursal、cysterna、pouch、sac、synovial bursa