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リンク元 | 「公共医療」「health service」 |
拡張検索 | 「国民保健サービス」「保健サービス方式」「精神保健サービス」 |
関連記事 | 「サービス」「保健」 |
The National Health Service or NHS is the Publicly-funded health care in England (though the term is also used to refer to the four national health services in the UK, collectively). The NHS provides healthcare to anyone normally resident in the United Kingdom with most services free at the point of use for the patient though there are charges associated with eye tests, dental care, prescriptions, and many aspects of personal care. The NHS has agreed a formal NHS Constitution for England which sets out the legal rights and responsibilities of the NHS, its staff, and users of the service and makes additional non-binding pledges regarding many key aspects of its operations.<ref>http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance/DH_093419 NHS Constitution for England. Department of Health website</ref>
The NHS provides the majority of healthcare in England, including primary care, in-patient care, long-term healthcare, ophthalmology and dentistry. The National Health Service Act 1946 came into effect on 5 July 1948. Private health care has continued parallel to the NHS, paid for largely by private insurance: it is used by about 8% of the population, generally as an add-on to NHS services. In the first decade of the 21st century the private sector started to be increasingly used by the NHS to increase capacity. According to the British Medical Association a large proportion of the public opposed this move.<ref name="BMA 2007 survey">テンプレート:cite web</ref>.
The NHS is largely funded from general taxation (including a proportion from National Insurance payments)<ref>テンプレート:cite web</ref>. The UK government department responsible for the NHS is the Department of Health (United Kingdom), headed by the Secretary of State for Health. Most of the expenditure of The Department of Health (£98.7 billion in 2008-9<ref name="budget2008">テンプレート:cite web</ref>) is spent on the NHS.
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