ophthalmoparesis

• n.

• 眼麻痺

関

external ophthalmoplegia、oculomotor paralysis、ophthalmoplegia

WordNet

1. paralysis of the motor nerves of the eye

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/01/15 14:31:51」(JST)

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Ophthalmoparesis
Classification and external resources
Neuro-ophthalmologic examination showing ophthalmoplegia affecting the left eye in a patient with Tolosa-Hunt syndrome. The central image represents forward gaze, and each image around it represents gaze in that direction (for example, in the upper left image, the patient looks up and right; the left eye is unable to accomplish this movement). The examination shows ptosis of the left eyelid, exotropia (outward deviation) of the primary look of the left eye, and paresis (weakness) of the third (oculomotor), fourth (trochlear) and sixth (abducens) left cranial nerves.
ICD-10	H49.3-H49.4
ICD-9	367.52, 376.22, 378.55, 378.56, 378.72, 378.86, 378.9
DiseasesDB	9240
MeSH	D009886

Ophthalmoparesis or ophthalmoplegia refers to weakness (-paresis) or paralysis (-plegia) of one or more extraocular muscles which are responsible for eye movements. It is a physical finding in certain neurologic illnesses.

Classification

Ophthalmoparesis can involve any or all of the extraocular muscles, which include the superior recti, inferior recti, medial recti, lateral recti, inferior oblique and superior oblique muscles.

It can also be classified by the directions of affected movements, e.g. "vertical ophthalmoparesis".

Causes

Ophthalmoparesis can result from disorders of various parts of the eye and nervous system:

• The orbit of the eye, including mechanical restrictions of eye movement, as in Graves disease.
• The muscle, as in progressive external ophthalmoplegia or Kearns-Sayre syndrome.
• The neuromuscular junction, as in myasthenia gravis.
• The relevant cranial nerves (specifically the oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens), as in cavernous sinus syndrome or raised intracranial pressure.
• The brainstem nuclei of these nerves, as in certain patterns of brainstem stroke such as Foville's syndrome.
• White matter tracts connecting these nuclei, as in internuclear ophthalmoplegia, an occasional finding in multiple sclerosis.
• Dorsal midbrain structures, as in Parinaud's syndrome.
• Certain parts of the cerebral cortex (including the frontal eye fields), as in stroke.
• Toxic envenomation by mambas, taipans, and kraits.

Thiamine deficiency can cause ophthalmoparesis in susceptible persons; this is part of the syndrome called Wernicke encephalopathy. The causal pathway by which this occurs is unknown. Intoxication with certain substances, such as phenytoin, can also cause ophthalmoparesis.

Treatment and prognosis

Treatment and prognosis depend on the underlying condition. For example, in thiamine deficiency, treatment would be the immediate administration of vitamin B1.

See also

• Paresis

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 核間性眼筋麻痺 internuclear ophthalmoparesis
• 2. 複視の概要 overview of diplopia
• 3. トロサハント症候群 tolosa hunt syndrome
• 4. 小児における外眼筋に影響するミオパチー myopathies affecting the extraocular muscles in children
• 5. 成人における第三脳神経（動眼神経）麻痺 third cranial nerve oculomotor nerve palsy in adults

English Journal

• Orbital apex disorders: a case series.

• Warburton RE1, Brookes CC1, Golden BA1, Turvey TA2.
• International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery.Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg.2016 Apr;45(4):497-506. doi: 10.1016/j.ijom.2015.10.014. Epub 2015 Dec 24.
• Orbital apex syndrome is an uncommon disorder characterized by ophthalmoplegia, proptosis, ptosis, hypoesthesia of the forehead, and vision loss. It may be classified as part of a group of orbital apex disorders that includes superior orbital fissure syndrome and cavernous sinus syndrome. Superior o
• PMID 26725107

• Teaching Video NeuroImages: Vertical supranuclear ophthalmoparesis: A diagnostic pearl for Niemann-Pick C.

• Gupta A1, Kumar N1, Saharan R1, Rastogi P1, Vishnu VY1, Lal V2.
• Neurology.Neurology.2016 Mar 8;86(10):e108. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000002442.
• PMID 26952305

• Ophthalmoplegia heralding the onset of anti-amphiphysin related paraneoplastic stiff person syndrome.

• Vinjam MR1, Shanmugarajah P2, Ford HL2.
• Journal of neurology.J Neurol.2016 Mar 5. [Epub ahead of print]
• PMID 26946498

Japanese Journal

• 片眼視と両眼視が解離して障害された急性外眼筋麻痺の一例

• 神里 尚美,上田 江里子,津曲 綾子 [他]
• 沖縄県立南部医療センター・こども医療センター雑誌 7(1), 18-21, 2014-03
• NAID 40020037272

• 慢性結核性髄膜炎による再発性脳幹梗塞を発症した44歳女性例

• 大本 周作,吉岡 雅之,崎元 芳大,吉川 晃司,橋本 昌也,鈴木 正彦
• 臨床神経学 54(3), 212-217, 2014
• 症例は44歳女性である．40歳頃に一過性右上下肢脱力の既往がある．41歳時より易怒性が出現した．42歳時に眼球運動障害，構音障害，退行をみとめ入院．MRIで中脳左傍正中部に急性期梗塞巣および脚間窩に結節性病変をみとめ保存的加療をおこない退院した．44歳時に右片麻痺が出現．MRIで左橋に急性期梗塞巣，大脳および脳幹萎縮の進行，橋腹側髄膜異常造影効果および脚間窩の結節性病変をみとめた．頸部リンパ節生検 …
• NAID 130004505569

• 症例報告 ミトコンドリアDNAに多重欠失をみとめたsensory ataxic neuropathy, dysarthria, and ophthalmoparesisの1例

• 田中 弘二,立石 貴久,河村 信利 [他]
• 臨床神経学 53(3), 205-211, 2013-03
• NAID 40019608553

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「oculomotor paralysis」「眼麻痺」

「oculomotor paralysis」

　　[★]

• 動眼神経麻痺

関

external ophthalmoplegia、oculomotor nerve paralysis、ophthalmoparesis、ophthalmoplegia

「眼麻痺」

　　[★]

英

ophthalmoparesis

関

眼筋麻痺、外眼筋麻痺、動眼神経麻痺